The
17th Century was that
century which lasted from
1601
to
1700 in the
Gregorian calendar.
The 17th Century falls into the
Early
Modern period of Europe and was characterized by the
Baroque cultural movement, the French
Grand
Siècle dominated by
Louis XIV, and
the
beginning of modern science
and philosophy, including the contributions by bloody warfare
throughout the century, by the
Thirty
Years' War, the
Great Turkish
War, the end of the
Dutch Revolt
and the
English Civil War among
others, while
European colonization of
the Americas began in earnest.
In the
east, the 17th Century saw the flowering of the Ottoman, Persian and
Mughal empires, the beginning of the
Edo period in feudal Japan, and the
violent transition from the Ming
to the
Qing
Dynasty
in China.
The
Scientific Revolution
ended in the late 17th century.
Events
- 1600: Giordano Bruno is burned at the stake for
heresy in Rome
.
- 1600: Battle of Sekigahara in Japan
. End
of the Warring States period and
beginning of the Edo period.
- 1601: Battle
of Kinsale, one of the most important battles in Irish history,
fought.
- 1601: Michael the Brave (first unificator of
Romania
), voivode of Wallachia,
Moldavia and Transylvania, is assassinated by the order of
the Habsburg general Giorgio Basta at
Câmpia
Turzii
.
- 1601–1603: The Russian famine of
1601–1603 kills perhaps a third of Russia
.
- 1602: Dutch East India Company founded.
Its success contributes to the Dutch
Golden Age.
- 1603: Elizabeth I of England dies and is
succeeded by her cousin King James
VI of Scotland, uniting the crowns of Scotland
and England
.
- 1603: Tokugawa Ieyasu seizes control of Japan and
establishes the Tokugawa
Shogunate which rules the country until 1868.
- 1603–1623: After
modernizing his army, Abbas I
expands the Persian Empire by capturing
territory from the Ottomans and the
Portuguese.
- 1605: Gunpowder Plot failed in England.
- 1605: The fortresses of
Veszprém
en Visegrad are retaken by
the Ottomans.
- 1606: The Long War between the Ottoman Empire and Austria is ended with the Peace of Zsitvatorok.
- 1606: Captain Willem Janszoon and his crew aboard the
Dutch East India Company ship Duyfken
becomes the first recorded Europeans to sight and make landfall in
Australia.
- 1607: Jamestown, Virginia, is settled as what
would become the first permanent English colony in
North America.
- 1608: Quebec City
founded by Samuel de
Champlain in New France (present-day
Canada
).
- 1609: The Netherlands
and Spain agree to a
Twelve Years' Truce in the
Eighty Years' War.
- 1609: Pedro de Peralta,
a later governor of New
Mexico, establishes the settlement of Santa
Fe
.
- 1609: Maximilian of Bavaria
establishes the Catholic
League.
Kara Mustafa Pasha
Significant people
- Anne of Austria, Queen consort
and regent of France (1601 – 1666)
- Gustavus Adolphus,
King of Sweden (1594–1632)
- Françoise-Athénaïs,
marquise de Montespan, lover of Louis
XIV (1641 – 1707)
- Françoise
d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon, second wife of Louis XIV (1635 – 1719)
- Guru Teg Bahadur, 9th Sikh Guru
(1621 – 1675)
- Gabriel Bethlen, Hungarian
prince of Transylvania (1580–1629)
- Shivaji Bhonsle, Hindu king, 1st Maratha
ruler, established Hindavi Swaraj (1630–1680)
- Queen Christina of Sweden,
high profile Catholic convert, matron of arts (1626 – 1689)
- Charles I of England
(1600 – 1649)
- Charles II of England
(1630 – 1685)
- Oliver
Cromwell, Lord Protector of
England, Scotland and Ireland
(1599 – 1658)
- Richard
Cromwell, Lord Protector of
England, Scotland and Ireland (1626 – 1712)
- Elizabeth I of England
(1533 – 1603)
- Tokugawa
Ieyasu, The founder and first shogun of
the Tokugawa shogunate of
Japan, (1543 – 1616)
- James I of England (1566 – 1625)
- James II of England
(1633 – 1701)
- Leopold I,
Holy Roman Emperor (1640 – 1705)
- Louis XIV, King of France
(1638 – 1715)
- Mary II of England (1662 – 1694)
- Cardinal Mazarin, French
cardinal and politician of Italian origin (1602
– 1661)
- André Le Nôtre, French
landscape architect (1613 – 1700)
- Peter the Great, Russian tsar
(1672 – 1725)
- Philip IV of Spain, Spanish
king (1605 – 1665)
- Popé, Tewa religious leader, led the
Pueblo Revolt (ca. 1630 – ca. 1688)
- Samarth Ramdas, Hindu saint
(1608 – 1681)
- Cardinal Richelieu, French
cardinal, duke, and politician (1585 – 1642)
- Michiel de Ruyter, Dutch
admiral (1607 – 1676)
- Jan III
Sobieski, King of Poland (1629 – 1696)
- Tessouat, Chief of the Algonquin
- Imre
Thököly, prince of Transylvania, leader of the anti-Habsburg
uprising in Hungary
(1657 – 1705)
- Sant Tukaram, Hindu saint (1600 – 1650)
- Albrecht von
Wallenstein, Catholic German general in the Thirty Years' War (1583 – 1634)
- William III of England
(1650 – 1702), Stadtholder of the main provinces of the
Republic of the United
Provinces and King of
England
- Johan de Witt, Grand Pensionary of the Republic of the United
Provinces – 1625 – 1672
Musicians and composers
- Johann Christoph Bach,
Composer and great-uncle of the genius, (1642–1703)
- Johann Sebastian Bach,
German composer of genius (1685–1750)
- Georg Friedrich Handel,
German Composer (1685–1759)
- Jean-Baptiste Lully,
Italian-born French composer (1632 – 1687)
- Claudio Monteverdi, Italian
composer of Renaissance and Baroque music, and possibly the first
opera ever (1567 – 1643)
- Johann Pachelbel (1653–1706), German composer
- Henry Purcell, English composer
(1659 – 1695)
- Monsieur de
Sainte-Colombe, French composer and the subject of a 1991 film
Tous les matins du
monde (c. 1640 – 1700)
- Antonio Vivaldi Italian composer
(four seasons concerti) (1678–1741)
Visual artists
- Gian Lorenzo Bernini,
Italian sculptor, architect (1598 – 1680)
- Francesco Borromini, Italian
sculptor, architect (1599–1667)
- Frans Hals (1580–1666)
- Bartolomé Esteban
Murillo, Spanish painter (1617 – 1682)
- José de Ribera, Lo
Spagnoletto (1591 – 1652)
- Rembrandt van Rijn, Dutch
painter (1606 – 1669)
- Peter Paul Rubens, Flemish
painter, 1577 – 1640
- Jan Steen (1626–1679)
- Ruisdael (1628–1682)
- Jiang Tingxi, Chinese painter,
calligrapher, encyclopedist, foreign delegate to Japan (1669 – 1732)
- Diego
Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez, Spanish painter (1599–1660)
- Johannes Vermeer, Dutch Painter
(1632 – 1675)
- Francisco Zurbarán,
Spanish Painter (1598 – 1664)
Literature
- Pedro Calderón de la
Barca, Spanish dramatist (1600 – 1681)
- Miguel de Cervantes
Saavedra, Spanish author (1574 – 1616)
- Pierre Corneille, French
dramatist (1606 – 1684)
- Nicolas
Boileau-Despréaux, French poet and critic (1636 – 1711)
- Daniel Defoe, English writer,
novelist (1659 or 1661 –
1731)
- John Donne, English metaphysical poet (1572 – 1631)
- John Dryden, English poet, literary
critic, translator, and playwright (1631 –
1700)
- Jean de La Fontaine, French
poet (1621 – 1695)
- Andreas Gryphius, German poet
and dramatist (1616 – 1664)
- Ben Jonson, English dramatist
c.1572 – 1637)
- John Milton, English author and poet
(1608 – 1674)
- Molière, French dramatist, actor,
director (1622 – 1673)
- Miyamoto
Musashi, famous Samurai warrior in
Japan, author of 'The
Book of Five Rings,' a treatise on strategy and martial combat, poet, painter,
(1584 – 1645)
- Samuel Pepys, English civil servant
and diarist (1633 – 1703)
- Francisco de Quevedo,
Spanish writer (1580 – 1645)
- Jean Racine, French dramatist
(1639 – 1699)
- William Shakespeare, English
author and poet (1564 – 1616)
- Félix Lope de Vega,
Spanish playwright and poet (1562 – 1635)
- John Wilmot, 2nd
Earl of Rochester, English poet (1647 –
1680)
Educators
Exploration
Science and philosophy
- Francis Bacon,
English philosopher and politician (1561–1626)
- Sir Thomas Browne, English author,
philosopher and scientist (1605–1682)
- Ismaël Bullialdus, French
astronomer, (1605–1694)
- Abraham Darby I, English
Ironmaster, Introduced the first coke-consuming blast furnace
(1678 – 1717)
- René Descartes, French
philosopher and mathematician (1596 – 1650)
- Pierre de Fermat, French lawyer
and mathematician 1601 – 1665
- Galileo Galilei, Italian natural
philosopher (1564 – 1642)
- Pierre
Gassendi, (1592 – 1655), French
philosopher, priest, scientist, astronomer/astrologer
[6102], and mathematician
- William Harvey, medical doctor
(1578 – 1657)
- Thomas Hobbes, English philosopher
and mathematician (1588 – 1679)
- Christiaan Huygens, Dutch
mathematician, physicist and astronomer (1629 –
1695)
- Johannes Kepler, German
astronomer (1571 – 1630)
- Antonie van Leeuwenhoek,
Dutch scientist and the first person to use a microscope to view bacteria (1632 – 1723)
- Christopher Wren, English
architect and scientist (1632 – 1723)
- Gottfried Leibniz, German
philosopher and mathematician (1646 – 1716)
- John Locke, English philosopher
(1632 – 1704)
- Marin
Mersenne, (1588 – 1648), French theologian, philosopher,
mathematician and music theorist, referred to as the father
of acoustics.
- Isaac Newton, English physicist and
mathematician (1642 – 1727)
- Blaise Pascal, French theologian,
mathematician and physicist (1623 – 1662
- Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher
(1632 – 1677)
- Sir Anthony Weldon (1583–1648), English courtier and politician.
Inventions, discoveries, introductions
List of
17th century inventions
Major changes in philosophy and science take place, often
characterized as the
Scientific
revolution.
References
Decades and years
and conquers Moscow.
are
expelled.
.
.
on the River
Prut.
in the Vatican completed.
which eventually capitulates.
erupts
, death of king of Sweden Gustav II
Adolf.
is founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
.
ending the
Ming
Dynasty
.
The
Ottomans invade Crete
and capture
Canea
.
after the Siege of
Candia.
founded by the Dutch East India Company in South Africa.
, his son Aurangzeb deposes
him as ruler of the Mughal
Empire.
from the
Dutch
: count Raimondo
Montecuccoli defeats the Ottomans. The Peace of Vasvar – intended to keep the peace
for 20 years.
.
.
Cossacks. John
Sobieski defeats the Ottomans at the second battle of Khotyn .
states on
the Republic of the
United Provinces.
– William III of
Orange takes power.
by Shivaji.
until 1692.
.
for France.
is fought between Jacobite and Williamite
forces in Highland Perthshire
is established.
wipes out almost a third of the
population.
, Isfahan
, Persia
(Iran
), are
built.
invents
the mercury barometer
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