Events of 1810

January–March

• January 10 – The marriage of Napoleon and Josephine is annulled.
• February 20 – Tyrolean rebel leader Andreas Hofer is executed.
• March 4 – The French Army, under the command of Massena, retreats from Portugal.
• March 11 – Napoleon marries Marie-Louise of Austria.

April–June

• April 19 – Venezuela achieves home rule: Vicente Emparán, Governor of the Captaincy General, is removed by the people of Caracas and a junta is installed.
• April 27 – Beethoven composes his famous piano piece, Für Elise.
• May 1 – Macon's Bill No. 2 becomes law.
• May 10 – Revolutionaries occupy Buenos Aires' town hall.
• May 25 – May Revolution: Armed citizens of Buenos Aires expel the Viceroy from Spain and establish a provincial government for Argentina.
• June 4 – The Society in Dedham for Apprehending Horse Thieves is founded in Dedham, Massachusetts.
• June 23 – John Jacob Astor forms the Pacific Fur Company.
• June : L'art de conserver pendant plusieurs années toutes les substances animales ou végétales, by Nicolas Appert

July–September

• July 9 – Napoleon annexes the Kingdom of Holland.
• July 20 – Colombia declares its independence from Spain.
• August 6 – The city of Santa Cruz de Mompox, in modern-day Colombia, declares independence from the Spanish Empire.
• August 21 – Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, Marshal of France, is elected Crown Prince of Sweden by the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates.
• September 8 – The Tonquin sets sail from New York Harbor with 33 employees of John Jacob Astor's newly created Pacific Fur Company on board. After a 6-month journey around the tip of South America, the ship arrives at the mouth of the Columbia River and Astor's men establish the fur-trading town of Astoria.
• September 16 – Grito de Dolores: Miguel Hidalgo, a Catholic priest from Guanajuato, incites the revolt that becomes Mexico's Independence War.
• September 18 – Chile forms its First National Junta, which is their first step towards its independence.
• September 23 – The Republic of West Florida declares independence from Spain.
• September 26 – A new Act of Succession is adopted by the Riksdag of the Estates and Jean Baptiste Bernadotte becomes heir to the Swedish throne.

October–December

• October 12 – First Oktoberfest: The Bavarian royalty invites the citizens of Munich to join the celebration of the marriage of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria to Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen.
• October 27 – The United States annexes the Republic of West Florida.
• November 10 – Berners Street Hoax: Theodore Hook manages to attract dozens of people to 54 Berners Street in London.

Undated

• Amadou Lobbo initiates his jihad in present-day Mali.
• Ching Shih and Chang Pao surrender their pirate fleet to the Chinese government.
• The first steamboat sails on the Ohio River.
• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe publishes his Theory of Colours.
• King George III of the United Kingdom is recognized as insane.
• Moose become extinct in the Caucasus.
• Russia acquires Sukhumi through a treaty with the Abkhazian dukes, and declares a protectorate over the whole of Abkhazia.
• 18,000 Angolans are sold at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
• Adult cotton spinners stage a general strike in Manchester.
• Palm oil sales from West Africa to Britain reach 1,000 tons.
• 4,500 chests of opium are sold in China.
• The small wealthy Creole aristocracy uses the removal of the Spanish king as justification for their seizure of political power and their preservation of that power.

Ongoing events

• Argentine War of Independence (1810–1818)
• Black War (1804–1835)
• Bolivian Independence War (1809–1824)
• Gunboat War (1807–1814)
• Napoleonic Wars (1799–1815) – Peninsular War
• Russo-Persian War
• Russo-Turkish War

Births

January–June

• January 3 – Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie, Irish-French geographer (d. 1897)
• February 5 – Ole Bull, Norwegian violinist (d. 1880)
• March 1 – Frédéric Chopin, Polish composer and pianist (d. 1849)
• March 2 – Pope Leo XIII (aka Count Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci) (d. 1903)
• March 10 – Samuel Ferguson, Northern Irish poet and artist (d. 1886)
• May 2 – Hans Christian Lumbye, Danish composer (d. 1874)
• May 23 – Margaret Fuller, American journalist and feminist (d. 1850)
• June 8 – Robert Schumann, German composer and pianist (d. 1856)
• June 9 – Carl Otto Nicolai, German composer and conductor (d. 1849)

July–December

• July 5 – P. T. Barnum, American showman (d. 1891)
• July 21 – Henri Victor Regnault, French chemist and physicist (d. 1878)
• September 2 – William Seymour Tyler, American educator and historian (d. 1897)
• September 29 – Elizabeth Gaskell, British novelist (d. 1865)
• October 10 – James W. Marshall, American contractor and builder of Sutter's Mill (d. 1885)
• December 11 – Alfred de Musset, French poet (d. 1857)
• December 24 – Wilhelm Marstrand, Danish painter (d. 1873)

Deaths

January–June

• January 20 – Benjamin Chew, Chief Justice of colonial Pennsylvania (b. 1722)
• January 23 – Johann Wilhelm Ritter, German chemist and physicist (b. 1776)
• February 20 – Andreas Hofer, Tyrolean national hero (executed) (b. 1767)
• February 24 – Henry Cavendish, British scientist (b. 1731)
• March 7 – Cuthbert Collingwood, 1st Baron Collingwood, British admiral (b. 1750)
• June 7 – Luigi Schiavonetti, Italian engraver (b. 1765)

July–December

• July 19 – Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Prussia (b. 1776)
• August 12 – Etienne Louis Geoffroy, French pharmacist and entomologist (b. 1725)
• October 15 – Alfred Moore, American judge (b. 1755)
• November 11
  • Johann Zoffany, German-born painter (b. 1733)
  • John Laurance, American attorney, statesman, and judge (b. 1750)

Notes