The
1870s continued the trends of the
previous decade, as new
empires
and an increase in
imperialism and
militarism rise in
Europe and
Asia.
Germany
declares
independence in 1871 and begins its Second Reich
. Labor unions and
strikes occur worldwide in the later part of
the decade, and continue until
World War
I.
In
America
, the
Reconstruction era brings a legacy of
bitterness and segregation that
lasts until the 1960s.
Events and trends
Technology
Science
War, peace and politics
Literature and Arts
- Jules Verne (France) publishes
Around The World
in Eighty Days
- In the
United
States, continuation of post-Civil War reconstruction until
its conclusion under President Rutherford B. Hayes in 1877
- Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, and Sisley organized the Société Anonyme
Coopérative des Artistes Peintres, Sculpteurs, Graveurs
("Cooperative and Anonymous Association of Painters, Sculptors, and
Engravers") for the purpose of exhibiting their artworks
independently. Members of the association, which soon included
Cézanne, Berthe Morisot, and Edgar Degas, were expected to forswear
participation in the Salon. The organizers invited a number of
other progressive artists to join them in their inaugural
exhibition, including the slightly older Eugène Boudin, whose example had first
persuaded Monet to take up plein air painting years
before. Another painter who greatly influenced Monet and his
friends, Johan Jongkind, declined to
participate, as did Manet. In total, thirty
artists participated in their first exhibition, held in April 1874
at the studio of the photographer Nadar. The group soon became known as
the Impressionists.
- Jeanne Calment, born 1875, would
eventually become the longest-living human being in recorded
history. She lived until 1997, at the age of 122. She still holds
the record as of 2009.
World Leaders
See also
References
.
and Romania
declared
independence following a war against the Ottoman Empire.
in New Zealand
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