1986: Map

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1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). It was designated the International Year of Peace by the United Nations.

Events of 1986

January

January 1—Spain and Portugal enter the European Community, which later becomes the European Union.
January 1—Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands and is separated from the Netherlands Antilles .
January 1—The Province of Flevoland is established in the Netherlands .
January 9—After losing a patent battle with Polaroid, Kodak leaves the instant camera business.
January 12—STS-61-C: Space Shuttle Columbia is launched with the first Hispanic-American astronaut, Dr. Franklin Chang-Diaz.

January 19—The first PC virus, Brain, starts to spread.
January 20—The United Kingdom and France announce plans to construct the Channel Tunnel .
January 20—The first federal Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, honoring Martin Luther King, Jr., is observed.
January 24—The Voyager 2 space probe makes its first encounter with Uranus.
January 26—Super Bowl XX: The Chicago Bears defeat the New England Patriots 46–10 at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana .
January 28—STS-51-L: Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrates 73 seconds after launch, killing the crew of 7 astronauts, including schoolteacher Christa McAuliffe (see Space Shuttle Challenger disaster).
January 29—Yoweri Museveni becomes President of Uganda after leading a successful 5-year liberation struggle.

February

February 2—One of Australia's worst crimes, the Anita Cobby murder, occurs.
February 3—Pixar Animation Studios is opened.
February 7—President Jean-Claude Duvalier ("Baby Doc") flees Haiti , ending 28 years of family rule.
February 9—Halley's Comet reaches its perihelion, the closest point to the Sun, during its second visit to the solar system in the 20th Century.
February 11—Human rights activist Anatoly Shcharansky is released by the Soviet Union and leaves the country.
February 15—The Beechcraft Starship makes its maiden flight.
February 16—The Soviet liner Mikhail Lermontov sinks in the Marlborough Sounds , New Zealand .
February 16—The French Air Force raids the Libyan Ouadi Doum airbase in northern Chad .
February 17—The Single European Act is signed.
February 19—The Soviet Union launches the Mir space station.
February 19—After waiting 37 years, the United States Senate approves a treaty outlawing genocide.
February 25—People Power Revolution: President Ferdinand Marcos of the Philippines goes into exile in Hawaii after 20 years of rule; Corazon Aquino becomes the first Filipino woman president, first as an interim president. Salvador Laurel becomes her Vice President.
February 25—Egyptian military police, protesting against bad salaries, enter 4 luxury hotels near the pyramids, set fire to them and loot them.
February 26—People Power Revolution in the Philippines .
February 27—The United States Senate allows its debates to be televised on a trial basis.
February 28—Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme is assassinated on his way home from the cinema.

March

March 3—The first paper is published describing the Atomic force microscope, invented the previous year by Gerd Binnig, Calvin Quate and Christophe Berger. [6154]
March 4—The Today national tabloid newspaper is launched in the United Kingdom , pioneering the use of computer photosetting and full-colour offset printing, at a time when British national newspapers still use Linotype machines and letterpress.
March 8—The Japanese Suisei probe flies by Halley's Comet, studying its UV hydrogen corona and solar wind.
March 9—United States Navy divers find the largely intact but heavily damaged crew compartment of the Space Shuttle Challenger; the bodies of all seven astronauts are still inside.
March 13—Irish racemare Dawn Run wins the Cheltenham Gold Cup at Cheltenham , England, becoming the first racehorse to complete the Champion Hurdle, Cheltenham Gold Cup double.
March 25—The 58th Academy Awards are held in Los Angeles, California , with Out of Africa winning Best Picture.
March 26—An article in the New York Times charges that Kurt Waldheim, former United Nations Secretary General and candidate for president of Austria , may have been involved in Nazi war crimes during World War II.
March 27—A car bomb explodes at Russell Street Police HQ in Melbourne , killing a police officer.
March 31—A fire devastates Hampton Court Palace in Surrey , England .
March 31—A Mexicana Boeing 727 jetliner crashes at Maravatio, Mexico, killing 173. [6155]

April

April 2—A bomb explodes on a Trans World Airlines flight from Rome to Athens , killing 4 people.
April 5—1986 Berlin discotheque bombing : The West Berlin discothèque, a known hangout for United States soldiers, is bombed, killing 3 and injuring 230; Libya is held responsible.
April 13—Pope John Paul II officially visits the Synagogue of Rome , the first time a modern Pope has visited a synagogue.
April 14—Hailstones weighing 2.2 lb (1 kg) fall on the Gopalganj district of Bangladesh , killing 92.
April 15—Operation El Dorado Canyon: At least 15 people die after United States planes bomb targets in the Libyan capital, Tripoli , and the Benghazi region

April 17—British journalist John McCarthy is kidnapped in Beirut (released in August 1991) – 3 others are found dead; Revolutionary Cells claims responsibility in retaliation for the U.S. bombing of Libya.
April 17—A treaty ends the Three Hundred and Thirty Five Years' War between the Netherlands and the Isles of Scilly .
April 17—The Hindawi Affair begins when an Irishwoman is found unknowingly carrying explosives onto an El Al flight from London to Tel Aviv .
April 21—Geraldo Rivera opens Al Capone's secret vault on The Mystery of Al Capone's Vault, discovering only a bottle of moonshine.
April 26—In Ukraine , one of the reactors at the Chernobyl nuclear plant explodes, creating the world's worst nuclear disaster. 56 are killed directly by the Chernobyl disaster , many more die from cancer in later years, many thousands more are exposed to significant amounts of radioactive material, and vast territories in Ukraine and Belarus are rendered uninhabitable.
April 27—"Captain Midnight" interrupts the HBO satellite feed.
April 29—Roger Clemens sets the record for the most strikeouts in a 9-inning MLB game, striking out 20 batters.
April 29—Diamond Jubilee of Emperor Showa is held at the Kokugikan in Tokyo

May

May 2—The 1986 World Exposition opens in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada .
May 7—The European Champion Clubs' Cup is won by Steaua Bucharest on penalties in a final against FC Barcelona.
May 8—Óscar Arias is inaugurated into his first term as President of Costa Rica.
May 16—The Seville Statement on Violence is adopted by an international meeting of scientists, convened by the Spanish National Commission for UNESCO , in Seville , Spain .
May 24—The Montreal Canadiens win the Stanley Cup, beating the Calgary Flames in 5 games.
May 25—Hands Across America: At least 5,000,000 people form a human chain from New York City to Long Beach, California , to raise money to fight hunger and homelessness.
The Bangladeshi double decked ferry Shamia capsizes in the Meghna River , southern Barisal , Bangladesh , killing at least 600.
May 31—The 1986 FIFA World Cup begins in Mexico .

June

June 4—Jonathan Pollard pleads guilty to espionage for selling top secret United States military intelligence to Israel .
June 8—The Boston Celtics defeat the Houston Rockets in 6 games to win the NBA Championship.
June 8—Former United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim is elected president of Austria .
June 9—The Rogers Commission releases its report on the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.
June 19—American college basketball player Len Bias suffers a fatal cardiac arrhythmia from a cocaine overdose less than 48 hours after being selected 2nd overall by the Boston Celtics in the 1986 NBA Draft.
June 22—Diego Maradona scores the "goal of the century" straight after the infamous "Hand of God" as Argentina defeat England in the quarter finals of the FIFA World Cup.
June 23—Eric Thomas develops LISTSERV, the first email list management software. [6156]
June 29—Argentina defeats West Germany 3–2 to win the 1986 FIFA World Cup.

July

July 1—CSX Transportation is established.
July 5—The Statue of Liberty is reopened to the public after an extensive refurbishing.
July 5–20—The Goodwill Games are held in Moscow .
July 7—Australian drug smugglers Kevin Barlow and Brian Chambers executed in Malaysia.
July 23—In London , Prince Andrew, Duke of York marries Sarah Ferguson at Westminster Abbey .
July 27—Greg LeMond wins the Tour de France.
July 28—Estate agent Suzy Lamplugh vanishes after a meeting in London.

August

August 6—A low-pressure system moving from South Australia and redeveloping off the New South Wales coast dumps a record of rain in a day on Sydney .
August 6—In Louisville, Kentucky , William J. Schroeder, the second artificial heart recipient, dies after 620 days.
August 6—Australian Democrats leader Don Chipp retires from federal parliament and is succeeded by Janine Haines, the first woman to lead a political party in Australia.
August 19—Two weeks after it was stolen, the Picasso painting Weeping Woman is found in a locker at the Spencer Street Station in Melbourne , Australia.
August 20—In Edmond, Oklahoma , United States Postal Service employee Patrick Sherrill guns down 14 of his co-workers before committing suicide.
August 21—The Lake Nyos disaster occurs in Cameroon , killing nearly 2,000 people.
August 31—The Soviet passenger liner Admiral Nakhimov collides with the bulk

carrier Pyotr Vasev in the Black Sea

and sinks almost immediately, killing 398.

August 31—Aeroméxico Flight 498 , a Douglas DC-9, collides with a Piper PA-28 over Cerritos, California , killing 67 on both aircraft and 15 on the ground.
August 31—The cargo ship Khian Sea departs from the docks of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , carrying 14,000 tons of toxic waste. It wanders the seas for the next 16 months trying to find a place to dump its cargo.

September

September 1—Establishment of Jordan University of Science and Technology in Jordan.
September 4—Eusko Alkartasuna, the Basque Social Democratic Party, is created in Vitoria-Gasteiz .
September 5—Pan Am Flight 73, with 358 people on board, is hijacked at Karachi International Airport by 4 Abu Nidal terrorists.
September 6—In Istanbul , 2 Abu Nidal terrorists kill 22 and wound 6 inside the Neve Shalom synagogue during Sabbath services.
September 7—Desmond Tutu becomes the first black Anglican Church bishop in South Africa.
September 7—Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet survives an assassination attempt by the FPMR; 5 of his bodyguards are killed.
September 13—A magnitude 6.0 earthquake rocks the city of Kalamata in southern Greece , killing 20 people, injuring 80 and completely destroying 1/5 of the city.
September 27—Cliff Burton, bassist for Metallica from 1982–1986, dies on the Damage Inc. tour in Europe after being crushed by Metallica's tour bus.

October

October 1—U.S. President Ronald Reagan signs the Goldwater-Nichols Act into law, making official the largest reorganization of the United States Department of Defense since the Air Force was made a separate branch of service in 1947.
October 3—TASCC, a superconducting cyclotron, officially opens at Chalk River Laboratories .
October 9—United States District Court Judge Harry E. Claiborne becomes the fifth federal official to be removed from office through impeachment.
October 9—News Corporation completes its acquisition of the Metromedia group of companies, thereby launching the Fox Broadcasting Company.
October 9—The Phantom of the Opera, the longest running Broadway show in history, opened in Her Majesty's Theatre in London .
October 10—An earthquake measuring 7.5 on the Richter Scale strikes San Salvador , El Salvador , killing an estimated 1,500 people.
October 11—Cold War: Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet in Reykjavík , Iceland , to continue discussions about scaling back their intermediate missile arsenals in Europe (the talks break down in failure).
October 12—Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh visit the People's Republic of China .
October 16—The International Olympic Committee chooses Albertville , France to be the host city of the 1992 Winter Olympics and Barcelona , Spain to be the host city of the 1992 Summer Olympics.
October 19—Mozambican president Samora Machel's plane crashes in South Africa.
October 21—The Marshall Islands become an associated state under the Compact of Free Association.
October 22—In New York City WNBC Radio 's traffic helicopter crashes into the Hudson River, killing traffic reporter Jane Dornacker. The last words heard on-the-air were Dornacker's screams of terror, "Hit the water! Hit the water! Hit the water!"
October 26—Bus deregulation goes into effect in the United Kingdom, except Greater London and Northern Ireland.
October 27—The International World Day of Prayer is held in Assisi , Italy.
October 27—World Series: The New York Mets defeat the Boston Red Sox in 7 games. This is the second world series title in the Mets franchise. It is also remembered for Game 6, when Bill Buckner lets an easy ground ball hit by Mookie Wilson roll through his legs, letting the Mets win and pull even with the Red Sox in the series.
October 27—The Big Bang in the London Stock Exchange abolishes fixed commission charges, paving the way for electronic trading.
October 28—The centennial of the Statue of Liberty 's dedication is celebrated in New York Harbor.
October 28—In London , Jeremy Bamber is found guilty of the murder of his parents, sister and twin nephews, and sentenced to life imprisonment, with a recommendation by the trial judge that he should serve at least 25 years before being considered for parole.

November

November 1—Queensland , Australia: Joh Bjelke-Petersen wins his final election as Premier of Queensland with 38.6% of the vote. He resigns on December 1, 1987 following revelations of his involvement with corruption released in the Fitzgerald Inquiry.
November 3—Iran–Contra affair: The Lebanese magazine Ash-Shiraa reports that the United States has been selling weapons to Iran in secret, in order to secure the release of 7 American hostages held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon.
November 4—Democrats regain control of the United States Senate for the first time in 6 years. In California , Chief Justice Rose Bird and two colleagues are removed by voters from the Supreme Court of California for opposing capital punishment.
November 6—Sumburgh disaster : A British International Helicopters Boeing 234LR Chinook crashes 2.5 miles east of Sumburgh Airport , killing 45 people (the deadliest civilian helicopter crash on record).
November 11—Sperry Rand and Burroughs merge to form Unisys, becoming the second largest computer company.
November 12—Australian singer John Farnham releases the album Whispering Jack, which becomes the highest selling album in Australia's history.
November 18—Greater Manchester Police announce that they are to search for the bodies of 2 missing children (who both vanished more than 20 years ago) after the Moors Murderers Ian Brady and Myra Hindley confess to 2 more murders.
November 21—Iran-Contra Affair: National Security Council member Oliver North and his secretary, Fawn Hall, start shredding documents implicating them in selling weapons to Iran and channeling the proceeds to help fund the Contra rebels in Nicaragua .
November 22—Mike Tyson wins his first world boxing title by defeating Trevor Berbick in Las Vegas.
November 25—Iran-Contra Affair: U.S. Attorney General Edwin Meese announces that profits from covert weapons sales to Iran were illegally diverted to the anti-communist Contra rebels in Nicaragua .
November 26—Iran-Contra Affair: U.S. President Ronald Reagan announces that as of December 1 former Senator John Tower, former Secretary of State Edmund Muskie, and former National Security Adviser Brent Scowcroft will serve as members of the Special Review Board looking into the scandal (they became known as the Tower Commission). Reagan denies involvement in the scandal.

December

December 7—A 5.7 Richter scale earthquake destroys most of the Bulgarian town of Strajica , killing 2 people.
December 14—Rutan Voyager, an experimental aircraft designed by Burt Rutan and piloted by Dick Rutan and Jeana Yeager, begins its flight around the world.
December 19—Soviet dissident Andrei Sakharov is permitted to return to Moscow after years of internal exile.
December 20—Three African Americans are assaulted by a group of white teens in the Howard Beach neighborhood of Queens, New York . One of the victims, Michael Griffith, is run over and killed by a motorist while attempting to flee the attackers.
December 22—British Liberal Party Member of Parliament David Penhaligon, 42, is killed in a car crash near Truro in Cornwall , England .
December 23—Voyager completes the first nonstop circumnavigation of the earth by air without refueling in 9 days, 3 minutes and 44 seconds.
December 26—After 35 years on the airwaves and holding the title of longest-running non-news program on network television, NBC airs the final episode of daytime drama Search for Tomorrow.
December 31—A fire at the Dupont Plaza Hotel in San Juan, Puerto Rico , kills 97 and injures 140.