44th United States Congress: Map

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The Forty-fourth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C.

from March 4, 1875 to March 4, 1877, during the last two years of the second administration of U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Ninth Census of the United States in 1870. The Senate had a Republican majority, and the House had a Democratic majority.

Dates of sessions

March 4, 1875 - March 3, 1877

Special Session of the Senate: March 5, 1875 – March 24, 1875
First session: December 6, 1875 - August 15, 1876
Second session: December 4, 1876 - March 3, 1877 — a lame duck session

Previous: 43rd Congress • Next: 45th Congress

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

Republican : 46 (majority)
Democratic : 28
Independent Republican : 1
vacant: 1

TOTAL members: 76

House of Representatives

TOTAL members: 293

Leadership

Senate

Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):
- Henry Wilson, of Massachusetts , died November 22, 1875, vacant thereafter.
President pro tempore of the Senate:
- Thomas W. Ferry, Republican of Michigan , first elected March 10, 1875.

House of Representatives

Speaker of the House
- Michael C. Kerr, Democratic of Indiana , elected December 6, 1875, died August 19, 1876.
- Samuel J. Randall, Democratic of Pennsylvania , elected December 4, 1876.

Major events

November 22, 1875: Vice President Henry Wilson dies from a stroke
June 25, 1876: Custer's Last Stand at the Battle of Little Bighorn
July 4, 1876: United States Centennial
The Grange shifts from an apolitical farmer's organization to lobbying in 1876. Goals include a repeal of the railroad property tax exemption, lower interest rates, better schools, and cheaper bread, coal and clothing.
November 7, 1876: United States general elections, 1876, including
- The disputed Presidential election of 1876. is settled with the Compromise of 1877 which ended Reconstruction.

Major legislation

March 3, 1877 -- Desert Land Act of 1877

States admitted

August 1, 1876 — Colorado was admitted as a state into the Union.

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

See also: 44th United States Congress - political parties

See also: 44th United States Congress - State Delegations

See also: United States House elections, 1874

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1880; Class 2 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1876; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1878.

See also: :Category:United States Senators

See also: :Category:United States congressional delegations by state

Alabama

3: George E. Spencer (R)
2: George Goldthwaite (D)

Arkansas

2: Powell Clayton (R)
3: Stephen W. Dorsey (R)

California

3: Aaron A. Sargent (R)
1: Newton Booth (IR)

Colorado

3: Jerome B. Chaffee (R)
2: Henry M. Teller (R)

Connecticut

Delaware

1: Thomas F. Bayard, Sr. (D)
2: Eli M. Saulsbury (D)

Florida

3: Simon B. Conover (R)
1: Charles W. Jones (D)

Georgia

2: Thomas M. Norwood (D)
3: John B. Gordon (D)

Illinois

2: John A. Logan (R)
3: Richard J. Oglesby (R)

Indiana

3: Oliver H. P. T. Morton (R)
1: Joseph E. McDonald (D)

Iowa

2: George G. Wright (R)
3: William B. Allison (R)

Kansas

3: John J. Ingalls (R)
2: James M. Harvey (R)

Kentucky

2: John W. Stevenson (D)
3: Thomas C. McCreery (D)

Louisiana

2: J. Rodman West (R)
3: James B. Eustis (D), January 12, 1876 - End

Maine

Maryland

3: George R. Dennis (D)
1: William Pinkney Whyte (D)

Massachusetts

2: George S. Boutwell (R)
1: Henry L. Dawes (R)

Michigan

2: Thomas W. Ferry (R)
1: Isaac P. Christiancy (R)

Minnesota

2: William Windom (R)
1: Samuel J. R. McMillan (R)

Mississippi

2: James L. Alcorn (R)
1: Blanche K. Bruce (R)

Missouri

3: Lewis V. Bogy (D)
1: Francis M. Cockrell (D)

Nebraska

2: Phineas W. Hitchcock (R)
1: Algernon S. Paddock (R)

Nevada

3: John P. Jones (R)
1: William Sharon (R)

New Hampshire

2: Aaron H. Cragin (R)
3: Bainbridge Wadleigh (R)

New Jersey

2: Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (R)
1: Theodore F. Randolph (D)

New York

3: Roscoe Conkling (R)
1: Francis Kernan (D)

North Carolina

2: Matt W. Ransom (D)
3: Augustus S. Merrimon (D)

Ohio

3: John Sherman (R)
1: Allen G. Thurman (D)

Oregon

2: James K. Kelly (D)
3: John H. Mitchell (R)

Pennsylvania

3: Simon Cameron (R)
1: William A. Wallace (D)

Rhode Island

2: Henry B. Anthony (R)
1: Ambrose E. Burnside (R)

South Carolina

2: Thomas J. Robertson (R)
3: John J. Patterson (R)

Tennessee

2: Henry Cooper (D)
1: Andrew Johnson (D)
: David M. Key (D)
: James E. Bailey (D)

Texas

2: Morgan C. Hamilton (R)
1: Samuel B. Maxey (D)

Vermont

1: George F. Edmunds (R)
3: Justin S. Morrill (R)

Virginia

2: John W. Johnston (D)
1: Robert E. Withers (D)

West Virginia

Wisconsin

3: Timothy O. Howe (R)
1: Angus Cameron (R)

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

See also: :Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives

See also: :Category:United States congressional delegations by state

Alabama