The brand name,
7-Eleven is now part of an
international chain of
convenience
stores, operating under Seven-Eleven Japan Co.,Ltd., primarily
operating as a
franchise. It is the
largest
chain store with more than
36,842 outlets operating around the world, surpassing the previous
record-holder
McDonald’s Corporation in
2007 by approximately 1,000 retail stores.
Its stores are located
in eighteen countries, with its largest markets being Japan
, the
United
States
, Canada
, the
Philippines
, Hong
Kong
, Taiwan
, and
Thailand
.
7-Eleven, Inc. as a former U.S.-originating company, is a
subsidiary of Seven-Eleven Japan Co.,Ltd, which
in turn is owned by
Seven
& I Holdings Co. of Japan.
Among 7-Eleven's offerings are
private
label products, including
Slurpee, a
partially frozen beverage introduced in 1967, and the Big Gulp
introduced in 1980 that packaged
soft
drinks in large cups ranging in size from 590 ml to 1.8 L (20
to 64
fluid ounces).
The US chain has its
headquarters in the One Arts Plaza
building in Downtown
Dallas
, Texas
.
History
The
company has its origins in 1927 in Dallas, Texas
, USA, when an employee of Southland Ice Company, Joe C.
Thompson, started selling milk, eggs and bread from an ice dock.
The original location was an improvised storefront at Southland Ice
Company, an ice-manufacturing plant owned by John Jefferson Green.
Although small grocery stores and general merchandisers were
present in the immediate area, the manager of the ice plant, Joe C.
Thompson, discovered that selling convenience items such as bread
and milk was popular due to the ice's ability to preserve the
items. This significantly cut back on need to travel long distances
to the grocery stores for basic items. Joe C. Thompson eventually
bought the Southland Ice Company and turned it into the Southland
Corporation which oversaw several locations which opened up in the
Dallas area. Initially, these stores were open from 7 a.m. to 11
p.m., hours unprecedented in their length, hence the name. The
company began to use the 7-Eleven name in 1946. By 1952, 7-Eleven
opened its 100th store. It was incorporated as the
The Southland Corporation in
1961.
In 1962,
7-Eleven first experimented with a 24-hour schedule in Austin, Texas
.In 1963, 24-hour stores were established in
Las Vegas, Fort
Worth
, and Dallas.
In the 1980s, the company ran into financial difficulties and was
rescued from bankruptcy by
Ito-Yokado,
its largest franchisee. In 1987,
John Philp Thompson, the CEO of
7-Eleven, completed a $5.2 billion
management buyout of the company his
father had founded. The buyout suffered from the
1987 stock market crash and after
failing initially to raise high yield debt financing, the company
was required to offer a portion of the company's stock as an
inducement to invest in the company's bonds.
The Japanese company gained a controlling share of 7-Eleven in
1991, during the
Japanese asset
bubble of the early 1990s. Ito-Yokado formed
Seven & I Holdings Co. and
7-Eleven became its subsidiary in 2005. In 2007,Seven & I
Holdings announced they would be expanding their American
operations, with an additional 1,000 7-Eleven stores in the
U.S.
Products and services

1.2 L Super Big Gulp
In addition to Slurpee and the Big Gulp, 7-Eleven would come to own
or operate several brands and concepts, including
Movie Quik, an in-store video-rental service;
Citgo, the gas brand sold at many locations up
until 2006; as well as
Chief Auto
Parts, which had locations adjacent to or near several 7-Eleven
locations. They bought
White Hen Inc. on
August 10, 2006, mostly in or around the Chicago area, and plans to
convert all of the remaining White Hens to 7-Eleven stores.
The Big Gulp fountain drink brand refers to the name of the
32-ounce (1 litre) fountain drink, the Big Gulp. There is a 44-oz.
(or a smaller 1.2 L, depending on region) size (
Super Big
Gulp), a 64-oz. (2 l) size (Double Gulp), and a 20-oz. (0.7 l) size
(Gulp). In 2005, 7-Eleven began selling its brand of bottled drinks
under the Big Gulp brand name in North America.
Since 2005, the company has offered
7-Eleven Speak Out Wireless, a
prepaid phone service where a cellphone can be purchased directly
from a 7-Eleven store in the US and Canada and activated on the
spot.
The 7-Eleven convenience store announced on November 3rd, 2009 that
it is getting into the value wine business, releasing two
low-priced proprietary wines in the United States (under the
'Yosemite Road' brand) and Japan.
Marketing strategies

Japanese 7-Eleven offers a wide
variety of products and services.
July 11 is marketed as "7-11 Day" in the USA, during which
participating 7-Eleven stores offer up to 1,000 customers a free
7.11-oz. Slurpee of their choice. In Australia this occurs on 7
November.
On November 9, 2006, 7-Eleven announced that it had signed on as a
major sponsor of the
Dallas
Mavericks for the following three seasons and as title sponsor
of its popular Street Team.
As part of that agreement, 7-Eleven gave free
coupons to Mavericks fans American Airlines Center
following each of the 41 home games of the
2006–2007 season.
Since the
2007 season, 7-Eleven
began a promotional partnership with the
Chicago White Sox to begin home night
games at 7:11 PM
Central
Time. The agreement paid the team $1.5 million over three years
to move their weeknight game times back four minutes from the
traditional Sox start time of 7:07.
In anticipation for the July 2007 release of
The Simpsons Movie, 7-Eleven turned
12 of its North American stores into
Kwik-E-Marts. Those stores, plus most of the
over 6,000 other stores in North America, sold
Buzz Cola,
KrustyO's
cereal (a version of
Fruit Loops),
Squishees,
pink
donuts, and other
items from the show. Also,
many regular items, such as
coffee and
sandwiches, had special
Simpsons-themed wrapping and packages. As
part of the movie promotion, 7-Eleven held Simpsons contests as
well, which one entered by buying certain products in 7-Eleven
stores. The "Kwik-E-Mart" promotion turned out to be a huge success
for 7-Eleven, with
Simpsons fans driving as far as
hundreds of miles to buy the special themed merchandise. It also
resulted in a 30% increase in profits for the converted
7-Elevens.
7-Eleven around the world
Australia
The first
7-Eleven in Australia opened on August 24,
1977 in the Melbourne
suburb of Oakleigh
. There are currently 385 stores in the states
of Victoria
, New South
Wales
and Queensland
; the majority of stores are in metropolitan areas,
particularly in CBD areas. Stores in suburban areas often
operate as
petrol stations. Stores
are owned and operated as franchises, with a central
administration.
Stores in Australia sell Slurpees in four sizes - Small, Medium and
Large which are served in different coloured paper cups and Jumbo
which is served in a clear plastic cup with a dome lid. Stores
selling Slurpees have a machine dispensing four flavours - some CBD
stores have as many as three machines.
7-Eleven stores sell gift cards including three Prepaid VISA cards.
There are daily newspapers, drinks, confectionary, and snack foods.
They sell pre-prepared food such as sandwiches, wraps, pies,
sausage rolls under their proprietary brand 'munch' delivered fresh
into stores daily.
7-Eleven stores have partnered with BankWest and have BankWest
ATMs.
On November 7, a free Slurpee is given to any customer saying
Happy 7-Eleven Day to the person behind the counter
between the hours of 7 a.m. and 11 p.m. It is unofficially known as
'7-Eleven Day (7-11)'.
In August 2008
The Age newspaper reported that 7-Eleven
franchisees were suspected of severely underpaying their staff.
Fast food and retail workers' union
UNITE has claimed
that some 7-Eleven workers are paid as little as $9 per hour.
In July 2009 UNITE's claims were proven correct after the Fair Work
Ombudsman revealed that random audits had recovered
$112,000 for workers in Melbourne 7-Eleven stores and
$55,000 for 7-Eleven workers in Sydney.
Currently the Ombudsman is investigating further claims about
underpayments at
7-Eleven stores in Geelong.
UNITE has labeled 7-Eleven one of the
worst employers in the country.
Japan
Japan has more 7-Eleven locations than anywhere else in the world,
where they often bear the title of its holding company "Seven &
I Holdings". Of the 34,200 stores around the globe, 12,349 of them
are located in Japan with 1,577 in Tokyo alone.
The feel and look of the store is somewhat different from that of
the U.S. 7-Elevens. In Japan they offer a wider selection of
products and services. Japanese 7-Elevens offer not only food,
drinks, and magazines, but also video games and consoles, music
CDs, DVDs, digital cardreaders as well as seasonal items like
Christmas cakes,
Valentine's Day chocolates, and
fireworks. Slurpees and Big Gulp super size soft
drinks are no longer sold in Japan; these products were not popular
when 7-Eleven originally opened in Japan.
On September 1, 2005, Seven & I Holdings Co., Ltd., a new
holding company, became the parent company of 7-Eleven, Ito Yokado,
and
Denny's Japan.
Malaysia
Malaysian
7-Elevens are owned by 7-Eleven Malaysia
Sdn. Bhd. which now operates 1036 stores nationwide (until
April 2009). 7-Eleven in Malaysia was incorporated on June 4, 1984
by the
Berjaya Group Berhad.
Philippines

7-Eleven in Angeles City,
Philippines.
In the Philippines, 7-Eleven is run by the Philippine Seven
Corporation (PSC). Its first store opened in 1984. In 2000,
President Chain Store Corporation (PCSC) of Taiwan, also a licensee
of 7-Eleven, bought the majority shares of PSC and thus formed a
strategic alliance for the convenience store industry within the
area.
Singapore
In
Singapore
, 7-Eleven forms the largest chain of convenience stores island-wide.
There are at present 419 7-Eleven stores scattered throughout the
country. Stores in Singapore are operated by the
Dairy Farm International
Holdings, franchised under a licensing agreement with 7-Eleven
Incorporated, headquartered in the United States.
The first 7-Eleven stores in Singapore were operated in 1983 with a
franchise license under the
Jardine Matheson Group. The license
was then acquired by Cold Storage Singapore, a subsidiary of the
Dairy Farm Group, in 1989. At present, 7 Eleven plans to expand its
base to include 300 stores, within the next few years. 7-Eleven has
also recently signed an agreement with
Royal Dutch Shell to include its
convenience stores in all
Shell
Petrol Stations.
7-Eleven
stores in Singapore operate around the clock, except for stores in
Biopolis, hospitals, MRT Stations, some shopping
centres, Raffles Junior
College, Singapore Management
University
, Singapore
Polytechnic, Republic Polytechnic and Nanyang
Technological University
, which have shorter operating hours.
South Korea
7-Eleven
has a presence in the South
Korean
convenience store market where it competes with
Mini Stop, GS25 (formerly LG25), Family
Mart and independent competitors. There are 1,750
7-Eleven stores in Korea, with only the United States, Japan,
Taiwan and Thailand hosting more stores. Korean stores no longer
carry branded products such as Slurpee or Big Gulp.
Thailand
The franchise in Thailand is the
Charoen Pokphand Group, which in turn
grants franchises to operators.
There are 4,800 7-Elevens in Thailand, 1,500
of which are in Bangkok
, making Thailand have the 4th largest number of
stores after the US, Japan and Taiwan.CP
All the Thai operator of 7-Eleven in Thailand, will invest
between Bt3.4 billion and Bt3.8 billion in 2009, with a major chunk
of the money to be spent on opening 450 7-Eleven branches as the
company tries to achieve targeted revenue growth of 3-5 per cent.
Bringing the total 7-Elevens shops in Thailand to 5,250
Hong Kong and Macau
7-Eleven
has operated in Hong
Kong
since 1981 under the ownership of Dairy Farm.
The
company opened its 711th Hong Kong store July 11 (7-Eleven Day),
2006, in the Causeway
Bay
district of the city. With most locations
being in urbanized areas, approximately 40 percent are franchised
stores. In September 2004, Dairy Farm acquired
Daily Stop, a convenience store chain located
mainly in the territory's
MTR stations, and
converted them to 7-Eleven stores immediately upon takeover.
7-Eleven
entered the Macau
market in
2005, and now has more than 30 stores in operation.
Taiwan

With the world's second highest
7-Eleven outlet density just behind Hong Kong, it is not an unusual
scene in Taiwan for two 7-Eleven shops to stand face to face across
an intersection.
In
Taiwan
, the 7-Eleven is the most popular convenience
store, and is owned by The Uni-President Chain Store. The
first store opened in 1980 and since then has grown to cover 4,807
stores as of June 9, 2008. Taiwan has the world's third largest
collection of 7-Eleven convenience stores. With 6,200 potential
shoppers per store, Taiwan also has the smallest number of
potential shoppers per 7-Eleven convenience store (compared to
Japan's 14,946 potential customers for each 7-Eleven and the United
States' 48,359 customers for each store).
China
7-Eleven has been operating in mainland China in cities including
Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Shenzhen and Guangzhou, since 2008.
Some stores were open since 1996. It offers little or no brand name
items like Slurpee. However, the locations here offer a rather wide
array of warm food, including traditional items like
baozi. Also sold are some beverages, alcohol, candy,
periodicals, and other convenience items. As of April, 2009, there
were 591 7-Eleven locations in mainland China. Although Beijing
locations were originally planned to be open "from 7:00 am until
11:00 pm, to suit the lifestyle of Beijingers", the majority are
open 24 hours every day.
Scandinavia

7-Eleven in Lund, Sweden.
The owner of the master franchise for 7-Eleven in
Scandinavia is
Reitan Servicehandel, a part of the
Norwegian retail group
Reitan Group.
All stores are franchised, and 7-Eleven often tries to place the
stores on corners in city centers. After Reitangruppen bought the
filling station chain
HydroTexaco (now
YX Energy) in Norway and Denmark in 2006 it has announced that
several of the stores at the filling stations will be rebranded
7-Eleven, others will remain under the YX-concept.
In
Norway
, the first
7-Eleven was opened at Grünerløkka in Oslo
on September
13, 1986. As of April 1, 2008, there are 98 7-Eleven stores
in Norway, more than half of these are in Oslo.
Norway has the
northernmost 7-Eleven in the world, situated in Tromsø
.
The first
Danish 7-Eleven was opened in Østerbro
on September 14, 1993. As of September 1,
2009, there were 143 stores, mostly in Copenhagen
, Århus
, Aalborg
and Odense
.
Reitan
Servicehandel Sverige has the license in Sweden
. In
the mid-1990s, 7-Eleven in Sweden received adverse publicity,
resulting in many stores being sold and closed down.
For a time there were
only 7-Elevens in Stockholm
and Gothenburg
. 7-Eleven returned to the south of Sweden in
2001 when a convenience store opened in Lund
. As
of the end of 2008, there are 77 7-Elevens in Sweden: most of them
in Stockholm, 16 in Gothenburg, 8 in southern Sweden (including two
in Lund, two in Helsingborg, three in Malmö and one located at
Malmö Airport/Sturup). After an agreement with
Shell on August 27, 2007, 112 Shell
Select-outlets will be remade into 7-Eleven as of April 2009.
United States
Once ubiquitous, 7-Eleven stores are no longer found in some
Midwestern and Southeastern states.
7-Eleven has never operated in the
Tulsa,
Oklahoma
area due to
an agreement between the owner of the aforementioned
independently-run 7-Eleven stores and the owner of Tulsa-based
QuikTrip not to compete in each other's
markets. In May 1998, it was announced that 113 7-Eleven
stores would be sold and converted into
Kum
& Go stores. In this same time frame, 7-Eleven exited the
Minnesota market and sold all its Minnesota stores to
SuperAmerica.
This led to
situations, especially in larger cities like Minneapolis
and Saint Paul
, where multiple SuperAmerica locations could be
found on the same intersection. In states like
Minnesota
, Iowa
, and
Wisconsin
, other convenience stores like SuperAmerica, QuikTrip, Kwik Trip,
Casey's, and Speedway occupy the same
market.

7-Eleven in Oklahoma City advertising
the "Icy Drink".
Outlets in Oklahoma do not sell the item
under the traditional name "Slurpee".
only
independently owned 7-Eleven stores are located in the Oklahoma
City, Oklahoma
metropolitan area. About 100 stores are
owned by the family of William C. Brown (currently run by son Jim
Brown) under special arrangement with the company since 1953.
William C. Brown's father was a business associate and family
friend of John Thompson. "Bill" had recently graduated from the
University of Notre Dame and struck out on a quest to find an area
"ripe" for the concept. During his travels he met the Tulsa based
QuikTrip chain owner who suggested OKC to Brown. Narrowing down the
choices he decided upon Oklahoma and opened store #1 at 23rd &
N. Portland in OKC. At their inception the Thompson family were
part owners of the OKC stores but never the Corporation. Brown
would work a shift at the original store and afterwards would scout
new locations to build. The "Oh Thank Heaven for 7-Eleven" phrase
was coined by Brown's advertising agency in OKC and shared with the
national chain. These stores carry a slightly different product
selection than other 7-Eleven stores in the U.S. They do not serve
hot dogs or nachos, but have their own bakeries, called Seventh
Heaven. Also, due to this agreement, they carry a non-7-Eleven
branded product in lieu of the Slurpee, the Icy Drink, which is not
to be confused with the
ICEE. The
one side effect to this arrangement is that national advertising
campaigns and promotions (e.g. movie marketing tie-ins) cannot be
used.
In the
Pennsylvania market — a market noted for innovation within the
convenience store industry — 7-Eleven competes with Turkey Hill from Lancaster
, Wawa from the
Philadelphia area, and Sheetz from
Altoona. 7-Eleven has no presence in the Altoona
-State College
-Johnstown
area because of Sheetz, but is predominant in the
Pittsburgh
region where Sheetz also dominates, as well as
South Central Pennsylvania around the state capital of Harrisburg
. 7-Eleven is also absent in several
cities in Texas, even though the United States headquarters is
based there.
In North Carolina
, 7-Elevens are only seen in the northeastern part
of the state, as part of the Hampton Roads
market. In the rest of the state, there are
several equivalents. 7-Eleven has little to no presence in the
Albany, NY market due to the prominence there of Stewart's Shops, a
local chain.
In 1987, Southland acquired
High's
Dairy Stores of Maryland, Virginia, and Washington, D.C., many
of which were converted to 7-Elevens.
In March 2007, it was announced that 7-Eleven would sell its
corporately-owned stores in northern Texas and in Florida to
franchisees ; the chain has been franchising stores since 1964. The
sale will make 7-Eleven virtually a franchise-only operation in six
years.
7-Eleven is moving toward franchising most of its remaining
corporate locations inside the United States. The 7-Eleven
franchise system splits the gross profits 50/50 or close to it,
between the company and the individual franchisee. The initial
7-Eleven franchise term is 15 years. The franchise fee and other
upfront fees collected by 7-Eleven from a newly approved
franchisee, in addition to ongoing 50:50 sharing of profits, is not
transferable to another incoming franchisee in the same store, for
the unexpired portion, if any, of the current 15 year contract. For
example if one pays full franchise fee for 15 years and has to
leave the store after one year due to any reason, they stand to
lose the franchise fee for the remaining 14 years of their
term.
Supermarket News ranked 7-Eleven's North American
operations No. 11 in the 2007 "Top 75 North American Food
Retailers" based on 2006 fiscal year estimated sales of $15.0
billion. Based on 2005 revenue, 7-Eleven is the twenty-fourth
largest
retailer in the United
States..
Partnership with Citgo
In the United States, many 7-Eleven locations used to have filling
stations with gasoline distributed by
Citgo,
which in 1983 was purchased by Southland Corporation (and 50% of
Citgo was subsequently sold in 1986 to
Petróleos de Venezuela,
S.A. and the remaining 50% in 1990). Although Citgo was the
predominant partner of 7-Eleven, other oil companies are also
co-branded with 7-Eleven, including
Fina,
Exxon,
Marathon,
BP, and
Pennzoil.
Alon USA is the largest 7-Eleven licensee
in North America. The latter of the group signed an agreement to
cobrand with 7-Eleven at their remaining filling stations in 2003
following
Shell's takeover of
Pennzoil-Quaker State the year before.

Sign on a 7-Eleven filling station
pump.
On September 27, 2006, 7-Eleven announced its 20-year contract with
Citgo was coming to an end and would not be renewed. 7-Eleven
Spokeswoman Margaret Chabris said "Regardless of politics, we
sympathize with many Americans' concern over derogatory comments
about our country and its leadership recently made by Venezuela's
president [
Hugo Chávez ].
Certainly Chávez's position and statements over the past year or so
didn't tempt us to stay with Citgo." Later she said that "People
are making it out to be more than it is." Citgo's Chief Executive
Felix Rodriguez responded with a correction the following day,
accusing 7-Eleven of exploiting the situation to score political
points against Chavez, and pointing out that Citgo's decision to
terminate the contract with 7-Eleven had been made in July, for
practical and economic reasons: “[The reports are] a manipulation
because ever since the month of July have we announced that we did
not intend to renew a contract with 7-Eleven, which was 20 years
old and that was part of a bad business deal for Venezuela." A
statement found on Citgo's homepage stated, "The 7-Eleven contract
did not fit within CITGO's strategy to balance sales with refinery
production after the sale of its interest in a Houston area
refinery."
At locations that have already phased out Citgo fuel, 7-Eleven is
no longer accepting Citgo's credit cards. 7-Eleven stores that have
removed the Citgo sign usually replace it with an "Oh Thank
Heaven!" or "Fast and Fresh" sign on the main sign display, and
simply place the 7-Eleven logo on the canopy over the pumps.
Canada
In Canada, a limited number of 7-Eleven locations have
filling stations with gasoline distributed
by Shell Canada,
Petro-Canada, or
Esso. In November 2005, 7-Eleven started
offering a wireless service called
Speak Out Wireless. They also
usually have
Canadian
Imperial Bank of Commerce ATMs.
The first 7-Eleven store to open was in
Calgary
on June 29, 1969. There are currently 462
7-Eleven stores as of January 1, 2009. Winnipeggers are the world's
biggest slurpee consumers, with an estimated 1,500,000 slurpees
sold since the first 7-Eleven opened on March 21, 1970. All
7-Eleven locations in Canada are corporately operated.
Mexico
In Mexico, 7-Eleven was called Super 7. In 1995, the name changed
to 7-Eleven, but is still called Super Siete (Super Seven in
Spanish) in some places. When located within classic buildings
(such as in Centro Histórico), the logo at the entrance shows no
colors; instead, letters are golden. Main competitors in Mexico are
OXXO, K and Extra.
Rankings
7-Eleven has been consistently ranked in Entrepreneur's Franchise
500, most recently being selected as the #1 overall franchise. In
addition, they were also ranked #38 in Fastest-Growing Franchises
and #2 in Low Cost Franchises.
In 2008, 7-Eleven was named the number one franchise by
Entrepreneur, beating out Subway, who had held the number one spot
for 15 years .
The name
The company's first convenience outlets were known as Tote'm stores
since customers "toted" away their purchases, and some even sported
genuine Alaskan
totem poles in front. In
1946, Tote'm became 7-Eleven to reflect the stores' new, extended
hours - 7 a.m. until 11 p.m., seven days a week. Today those store
hours are no longer relevant. The company's corporate name was
changed from The Southland Corporation to 7-Eleven, Inc. in
1999.
See also
References
- http://www.sej.co.jp/english/company/c_profile.html
Seven-Eleven corporate website in Japan
- http://www.sej.co.jp/english/company/g_stores.html 7-11
Corporate website
- http://www.sej.co.jp/english/company/history.html 7-11
ownership
- Former 7-Eleven CEO Thompson dies. (Top of the
News).(John Thompson)(Obituary) | National Petroleum News | Find
Articles at BNET.com
- " 7-Eleven, Inc. Announces Aggressive Growth Plans
Throughout SoCal." 7-Eleven. Retrieved on November 15,
2009.
- 7-Eleven, Inc. - Company History
- COMPANY NEWS; Southland Holders Approve Buyout.
Associated Press, December 9, 1987.
- Frank, Peter H. Southland Buyout Hits Snag. The New York
Times, November 11, 1987
- WAYNE, LESLIE . " Takeovers Revert to the Old Mode."
New York
Times, January 4, 1988
- Oh, Thank Heavens, 7-Eleven's Making Its Own Wine.
Just, Ya Know, Don't Call it "Cheap.", Dallas Observer
(Unfair Park blog), Robert Wilonsky--writer, November 4, 2009.
Retrieved 2009-11-05.
- ESPN: MLB Headlines
- Kwik-E-Marts Locations
- 7-Elevens Get a 'Kwik-E-Mart' Makeover, NY
Post, July 1, 2007.
- Kwik-E-Mart gamble pays off for 7-Eleven,
Dallas Morning News, July 30, 2007.
-
http://www.nationmultimedia.com/search/read.php?newsid=30097360&keyword=7+Eleven
CP All to open up to 450 7-Elevens this year TheNation.com
- 7-Eleven opens its 711th store (Chinese),
7-Eleven, July 11, 2006.
- About 7-Eleven, 7-Eleven. Last accessed June 9,
2008.
- Chinese language Wikipedia entry for 7-Eleven, May 10,
2009
- 7-Eleven store debuts in Beijing( 2004-02-05
09:09) (China Daily by Liu Jie)
- QuikTrip Moves Into Tucson
- Tricia Pemberton, 7-Eleven making presence known with more stores,
The
Oklahoman October 19, 2005.
- Sharon Dowell, "At Oklahoma 7-Elevens, Icy rules cool", The
Oklahoman July 27, 2005.
- Meg Major, "Fancy Footwork", Progressive Grocer May
15, 2006. Describes the competitors and stresses the advanced
development in the Pennsylvania market.
- Franchising is 7-Eleven's future, Dallas
Morning News, March 8, 2007.
- 2007 Top 75 North American Food Retailers,
Supermarket News, Last accessed February 24, 2007.
- Top 100 Retailers: The Nation's Retail Power
Players (PDF), Stores, July 2006.
- 7-Eleven Drops Citgo As Gas Supplier,
International Business Times, September 27, 2006.
- Venezuela’s Citgo Says it Decided to Discontinue
7/11 Contract Two Months Ago, Venezuelanalysis.com, September
28, 2006.
- 7-Eleven - International Licensing
- http://franchise.7-eleven.com/index.php/a-strong-brand 7-Eleven
- A Strong Brand
- 2007 Franchise 500 Rankings
- 2007 Fastest-Growing Franchises Rankings
- Low Cost Franchises
- Gulp! 7-Eleven unseats Subway as top franchise - Small
business - MSNBC.com
- History 7-Eleven, Inc
External links