Andrew Lloyd Webber, Baron Lloyd-Webber (born 22
March 1948) is an English
composer of
musical theatre, the elder son of
organist
William Lloyd Webber
and brother of the cellist
Julian
Lloyd Webber. Lloyd Webber started composing at the age of six,
and published his first piece at the age of nine.
Lloyd
Webber has achieved great popular success, with several musical that have run for more than a decade
both in the West
End
and on Broadway
. He
has composed 13 musicals, a
song cycle, a
set of
variations, two
film scores, and a Latin
Requiem Mass. He has also gained a number of
honours, including a
knighthood in 1992,
followed by a
peerage from the British
Government for services to Music, seven
Tony
Awards (and 40 nominations), three
Grammy Awards (with an additional 60
nominations), an
Academy Award (two
other nominations), seven
Olivier Awards (with 100
nominations), a
Golden Globe, and
the
Kennedy Center Honors in
2006. Several of his songs, notably "
The Music of the Night" from
The Phantom
of the Opera, "
I
Don't Know How to Love Him" from
Jesus Christ Superstar,
"
Don't Cry for Me,
Argentina" from
Evita,
"
Any Dream Will Do" from
Joseph
and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat and "
Memory" from
Cats have been widely recorded and were
hits outside of their parent musicals. His company, the
Really Useful Group, is one of the
largest theatre operators in London.
Producers in several parts of the UK have staged productions,
including national tours, of Lloyd Webber's musicals under licence
from the Really Useful Group. According to
britishhitsongwriters.com, he is the one hundredth most successful
songwriter in U.K. singles chart history, based on weeks that his
compositions have spent on the chart.
Early life
Lloyd Webber was born in London, England as the son of Jean
Hermione (née Johnstone; 1921-1993), a
violinist and
pianist, and
William Lloyd Webber
(1914-1982), a composer. His younger brother,
Julian Lloyd Webber, is a renowned solo
cellist.
Lloyd Webber began writing his own music at a young age, writing
his first published
suite of six pieces at the
age of nine. He also put on "productions" with Julian and his aunt
Viola in his toy theatre (which he built at the suggestion of
Viola).
Later, he would be the owner of a number of
West End
theatres, including
the Palace
. His aunt Viola, an actress, took Lloyd
Webber to see many of her shows and through the stage door into the
world of the theatre. He also claims that he had originally set
music to
Old
Possum's Book of Practical Cats at the age of fifteen.
Lloyd
Webber was a Queen's Scholar at
Westminster
School
and studied history for a time at Magdalen
College, Oxford
, although he abandoned the course to study at
Royal College of
Music
and pursue his interest in musical theatre.
Personal life
He married his first wife, Sarah Hugill, on 24 July 1972, and had
two children,
Imogen Lloyd
Webber (born 31 March 1977) and Nicholas (born 2 July 1979).
Lloyd Webber and Hugill were divorced 14 November 1983.He married
his second wife, singer/dancer
Sarah
Brightman, on 22 March 1984 in Hampshire. He cast Brightman in
the lead role in his musical
The Phantom of the
Opera; they divorced 3 January 1990.
Madeleine Gurdon is his third wife, since
they married on 9 February 1991 in Westminster
, London. They have three children, all of whom were
born in Westminster: Alastair Adam (born 3 May 1992), William Richard
(born 24 August 1993), and Isabella Aurora (born 30 April
1996). Alastair and William attend Eton College
. Madeleine became Lady Lloyd Webber in 1992
when her husband was knighted, and retained the same casual style
when her husband was created a
life peer
in 1997 (she is now technically Lady Lloyd-Webber).
The
Sunday Times Rich List
2006 ranked him the 87th-richest Briton with an estimated
fortune of £700 million. His wealth increased to £750 million in
2007, but the publication ranked him
101st in 2008.
He also owns much of
Watership
Down
. Lloyd Webber is an
art collector, with a passion for
Victorian art.
An exhibition of works
from his collection was presented at the Royal Academy
in 2003 under the title Pre-Raphaelite and
Other Masters – The Andrew Lloyd Webber Collection. He
is also a devoted supporter of
Leyton Orient Football Club and
the British group Skrewdriver, for whom he composed lyrics.
Politically, he has supported the UK's
Conservative Party, allowing his
song
Take That Look Off
Your Face to be used on a party promotional film seen by
an estimated 1 million people in 80 cinemas before the
2005 UK General Election to
accompany pictures of Prime Minister
Tony
Blair allegedly "smirking", the party said.
Prostate cancer
On Sunday, October 25, 2009 it was reported that Lloyd Webber had
been diagnosed with the early stages of
prostate cancer. He is currently being
treated and is expected to be working as usual by the end of the
year.
Professional career
Early years
Webber's first major collaboration with lyricist
Tim Rice was
The
Likes of Us, a musical based on the true story of
Thomas John Barnardo. It was not
performed, however, until as recently as 2005 when a production was
staged at Lloyd Webber's
Sydmonton
Festival. Stylistically,
The Likes of Us is fashioned
after the Broadway musical of the '40s and '50s; it opens with a
traditional overture comprising a medley of tunes from the show,
and the score reflects some of Lloyd Webber's early influences,
particularly
Richard Rodgers,
Frederick Loewe, and
Lionel Bart. In this respect, it is markedly
different from the composer's later work which tends to be either
predominantly or wholly
through-composed and closer in form to
opera than to the Broadway musical.
Around this time, Rice and Lloyd Webber wrote a number of
individual pop songs that were recorded as singles for record
labels.
Wes Sands,
Ross Hannaman,
Paul
Raven, and Gary Bond are among the many artists to have
recorded early Lloyd Webber/Rice tunes. A selection of these early
recordings were re-released on the 5-CD compilation,
Andrew
Lloyd Webber: Now and Forever (2003).
In 1968,
Rice/Lloyd Webber were commissioned to write a piece for Colet Court
which resulted in Joseph and the
Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, a retelling of the biblical
story of Joseph in which Lloyd Webber and Rice humorously pastiche
a number of musical styles such as Calypso and country
music. Joseph began life as a short
cantata that gained some recognition on its second
staging with a favourable review in
The
Times. For its subsequent performances, the show underwent
a number of revisions by Rice/Lloyd Webber with the inclusion of
additional songs that expanded it to a more substantial length.
This
culminated in a two-hour long production being staged in the
West
End on the back of the success of Jesus Christ
Superstar.
In 1969 Rice/Lloyd Webber wrote a song for the
Eurovision Song Contest called "Try
It and See", which was not selected. The Demo version, sung by Rita
Pavone (sounding remarkably like
Lulu, for whom
the song was written) is available on, 'Now and Forever' - The 5 CD
box set. With rewritten lyrics it became "King Herod's Song" in
their third musical,
Jesus
Christ Superstar (1970).
The planned follow up to
Jesus Christ Superstar was a
musical comedy based on the
Jeeves
and Wooster novels by
P.
G. Wodehouse. Tim Rice was uncertain about this
venture, partly because of his concern that he might not be able to
do justice to the novels that he and Lloyd Webber so admired. After
doing some initial work on the lyrics, he pulled out of the project
and Lloyd Webber subsequently wrote the musical with
Alan Ayckbourn who provided the book and
lyrics.
Jeeves failed to make any impact at the box office
and closed after a short run of only three weeks. Many years later,
Lloyd Webber and Ayckbourn revisited this project, producing a
thoroughly reworked and more successful version entitled
By Jeeves (1996). Only two of the
songs from the original production remained ("Half a Moment" and
"Banjo Boy").
Mid-1970s
Lloyd Webber collaborated with Rice once again to write
Evita (1976 in London/1979
in U.S.), a musical based on the life of
Eva Perón. As with
Jesus Christ
Superstar, Evita was released first as a concept album and
featured
Julie Covington singing the
part of Eva Peron.
The song "Don't Cry for Me Argentina"
became a hit single and the musical was staged at the Prince
Edward Theatre
in a production directed by Harold Prince and starring Elaine Paige in the title role.
The first Eva Peron on Broadway in NYC was played by
Patti
LuPone. She won a Tony for the role, and after experienced
growth of nodes on her vocal cords.
Evita was a highly
successful show that ran for ten years in the West End.
It
transferred to Broadway in 1979. Rice and Lloyd Webber parted ways
soon after
Evita.
In 1978, Lloyd Webber embarked on a solo project, the "
Variations", with his cellist brother
Julian based on the
24th Caprice by Paganini, which
reached number two in the pop album chart in the United Kingdom.
The main theme is still used as the theme tune for
ITV1's long-running
South Bank Show.
1980s
Andrew Lloyd Webber embarked on his next project without a
lyricist, turning instead to the poetry of
T. S. Eliot.
Cats (1981) was to become the longest
running musical in London, where it ran for 21 years until it
closed. On Broadway,
Cats ran for eighteen years, a record
which would ultimately be broken by another Lloyd Webber musical,
The Phantom of the Opera.
Starlight Express (1984)
was a commercial hit but received negative reviews from the
critics. It enjoyed a record run in the West End, but ran for less
than three years on Broadway. The show has also seen two tours of
the US, as well as a three-year UK touring production, which will
transfer to New Zealand later in 2009.
The show also runs
full-time in a custom-built theatre in Bochum
, Germany
, where it is has been running for twenty-one years
to date.
Lloyd Webber wrote a
Requiem Mass
dedicated to his father, William, who had died in 1982. It
premiered at St. Thomas Church in New York on 25 February 1985.
Church music had been a part of the composer's upbringing and the
composition was inspired by an article he had read about the plight
of Cambodian orphans. Lloyd Webber had on a number of occasions
written sacred music for the annual
Sydmonton Festival. Lloyd Webber received
a
Grammy Award in 1986 for
Requiem in the category of best classical composition.
Pie Jesu from Requiem achieved a
high placing on the UK pop charts.
In 1986, Lloyd Webber premiered his next musical,
The Phantom of the
Opera, inspired by the
1911 Gaston Leroux novel. He wrote
the part of Christine for his then-wife,
Sarah Brightman, who played the role in the
original London and Broadway productions alongside
Michael Crawford as the Phantom. The
production was directed by Harold Prince, who had also earlier
directed
Evita. Charles
Hart wrote the lyrics for
Phantom with some additional
material provided by
Richard
Stilgoe, and Lloyd Webber co-wrote the musical's book with
Stilgoe. It became a hit and is still running in both the West End
and on Broadway; in January 2006 it overtook
Cats as the
longest-running musical on Broadway.
Aspects of Love followed in
1989, a musical based on the story by
David Garnett. The lyrics were by
Don Black and Charles Hart and the
original production was directed by Trevor Nunn. There was a
noticeable shift of emphasis towards a quieter and more intimate
theatrical experience; the staging and production values were less
elaborate than Phantom of the Opera and Lloyd Webber chose to write
for a smaller musical ensemble making the through composed score
more akin to a chamber work.
Aspects had a run of four
years in London but closed after less than a year on Broadway. It
has since gone on a tour of the UK, and is beginning to enjoy more
acclaim than its original production. Lloyd Webber has gone on
record saying that he feels that
Aspects will be one of
his works that stands the test of time and even going as far as to
compare it to
South Pacific.
1990s
Lloyd Webber was asked to write a song for the
1992 Barcelona Olympics and composed
"
Amigos Para Siempre —
Friends for Life" with Don Black providing the lyrics. This song
was performed by
Sarah Brightman and
Jose Carreras.
Lloyd Webber had toyed with the idea of writing a musical based on
Billy Wilder's critically acclaimed
movie,
Sunset
Boulevard, since the early 1970s when he saw the film, but
the project didn't come to fruition until after the completion of
Aspects of Love when the composer finally managed to
secure the rights from
Paramount
Pictures The composer worked with two collaborators, as he had
done on
Aspects of Love; this time Christopher Hampton and
Don Black shared equal credit
for the book and lyrics.
The show opened at the Adelphi
Theatre
in London on 12 July 1993, and ran for 1,529
performances. In spite of the show's popularity and
extensive run in London's West End, it lost money due to the sheer expense of the
production.
Lloyd Webber's many other musical theatre works include
Whistle Down the
Wind, a musical written with lyrics supplied by rock
legend Jim Steinman. Originally opening in Washington, Lloyd Webber
was reportedly not happy with the casting or Harold Prince's
production and the show was subsequently revised for a London
staging directed by Gale Edwards, the production is probably most
notable for the Number One hit from Boyzone "No Matter What" which
only left the UK charts when the price of the CD single was changed
to drop it out of the official top ten.
Song and Dance,
The Woman in White which
Lloyd Webber explored his life-long love affair with the English
Choral and Pastoral tradition. The show opened to a bad critical
response on Broadway and soon sank without a trace. His
The Beautiful
Game opened in London and has never been seen on Broadway.
The show had a respectable run at The Cambridge Theatre in London.
The show
was been re-worked into a new musical The Boys in the
Photograph which had its world première at The Liverpool Institute for Performing
Arts
in April 2008.
While some of his works have had enormous commercial success, his
career has not been without failures, especially in the United
States.
Song and Dance,
Starlight Express, and
The Woman In White, all successes in London, did not meet
the same reception in New York, and all lost money in short,
critically panned runs. In 1995,
Sunset Boulevard became a
very successful Broadway show, opening with the largest advance in
Broadway history, and winning seven Tony Awards that year. However,
owing to high weekly costs, it became the biggest economic musical
failure in history, losing 25 million dollars.
Somewhat unusually, Lloyd Webber (along with
Nigel Wright) was responsible for a 1992
Eurodance single featuring music from the
computer game
Tetris. Released under
the name
Doctor Spin,
Tetris
reached #6 on the
UK charts,
although Lloyd Webber's involvement was not publicised. He was also
involved with
Bombalurina's 1990 cover
of "
Itsy Bitsy
Teenie Weenie Yellow Polka Dot Bikini" (UK #1). The band, whose
lead singer was children's TV presenter
Timmy Mallett was named after a character in
Cats.
2000s to present day
Lloyd Webber produced a staging of
The Sound of Music, which débuted
November 2006. He made the controversial decision to choose an
unknown to play leading lady Maria, who was found through the
reality television show
How Do You
Solve a Problem Like Maria?, in which he was a judge. The
winner of the show was
Connie
Fisher.
There have been a number of film adaptations of Lloyd Webber's
musicals:
Jesus Christ
Superstar (1973) was directed by
Norman Jewison,
Evita (1996) was directed by
Alan Parker, and most recently
The Phantom of
the Opera was directed by
Joel
Schumacher (and co-produced by Lloyd Webber). Lloyd Webber
produced
Bombay Dreams with
Indian composer
A. R. Rahman in
2002.
It was announced on 25 August 2006, on his personal website that
his next project would be
The Master and Margarita
(however, Lloyd Webber has stated that the project will most likely
be an opera rather than a musical).
In September 2006, Lloyd Webber was named to be a recipient of the
prestigious
Kennedy Center
Honors with
Zubin Mehta,
Dolly Parton,
Steven Spielberg, and
Smokey Robinson. He was recognised for his
outstanding contribution to American performing arts. He attended
the ceremony on 3 December 2006; it aired on 26 December 2006. On
11 February 2007, Lloyd Webber was featured as a guest judge on the
reality television show
Grease: You're
the One that I Want! The contestants all sang "The Phantom
of the Opera".
Between April and June 2007, appeared in
BBC
One's
Any Dream
Will Do!, which followed the same format as
How Do You Solve a
Problem Like Maria?. Its aim was to find a new Joseph for
his revival of
Joseph and the
Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat.
Lee
Mead won the contest after quitting his part in the ensemble -
and as understudy in
The Phantom of the
Opera to compete for the role. Viewers' telephone voting
during the series raised more than £500,000 for the
BBC's annual
Children in
Need charity appeal, according to host Graham Norton on
air during the final. During this period he made friends with
Graham Norton and in turn appeared on the Graham Norton Show with
little Britain star, whom he announced his relationship with for
the first time. On 1 July 2007, Lloyd Webber presented excerpts
from his musicals as part of the
Concert for Diana organised to celebrate
the life of
Diana, Princess of
Wales.
The
BBC Radio 2 broadcast a concert of
music from Lloyd Webber's shows on 24 August 2007.
Denise Van Outen introduced songs from
Whistle Down the
Wind, The
Beautiful Game, Tell Me
on a Sunday, The Woman in White,
Evita and Joseph and the
Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat – as well as Rodgers and
Hammerstein's The Sound of
Music, which Lloyd Webber revived in 2006 at the London
Palladium
and 2002's Lloyd Webber-produced
Bollywood-style musical Bombay Dreams by A. R.
Rahman and
Don Black.
In April 2008, Lloyd Webber reprised his role as judge, this time
in the BBC musical talent show,
I'd Do Anything. The show
followed a similar format to its 'Maria' and 'Joseph' predecessors,
this time involving a search for an actress to play the role of
Nancy in an upcoming West End production of the
Lionel Bart musical
Oliver! The show also featured a search for
three young actors to play and share the title character's role,
however the shows main focus was on the search for Nancy. The role
was won by
Jodie Prenger despite Lloyd
Webber's stated preference for one of the other contestants; the
winners of the Oliver role were Harry Stott Gwion Wyn-Jones and
Laurence Jeffcoate. Also in April 2008 he was featured on the U.S.
talent show
American Idol, acting as a
mentor when the 6 finalists had to select one of Lloyd Webber's
songs to perform for the judges that week.
Lloyd Webber accepted the challenge of managing the
UK's
entry for the
2009
Eurovision Song Contest, to be held in Moscow. In early 2009 a
series, called
Eurovision: Your Country
Needs You, was broadcast to find a performer for a song
that he would compose for the competition.
Jade Ewen won the right to represent Britain,
winning with
It's My Time, by
Lloyd Webber and
Diane Warren. At the
contest, Jade was accompanied on stage by Lloyd Webber, who played
the piano during the performance. Great Britain finished 5th in the
contest.
On 8
October 2009, Lloyd Webber launched the musical Love Never Dies at a press conference held
at Her
Majesty's Theatre
, where the original Phantom has been
running since 1986. Also present were
Sierra Boggess, who has been cast as
Christine Daaé, and
Ramin Karimloo, who will portray the
Phantom, a role he currently
is playing in the West End.
On 25 October 2009, a spokesman for Lloyd Webber announced that the
composer is suffering from
prostate
cancer. The disease is said to have been discovered at an early
stage and he is expected to make a full recovery.
However, on 18 November 2009, he was re-admitted to hospital after
developing a 'post-operative chronic infection'. His website said
he needed 'immediate treatment', but confident that he would be
back to work in early 2010.
Criticism
Plagiarism claims
Andrew Lloyd Webber has been accused of plagiarism in his works.
His biographer,
John Snelson, has
acknowledged the strong similarity between the opening melody of
the slow movement of Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto and the
Jesus Christ Superstar song "I Don't Know How to Love
Him", but claims that Lloyd Webber:
"...brings a new dramatic tension to Mendelssohn's
original melody through the confused emotions of Mary
Magdalene.
The opening theme may be Mendelssohn, but the rhythmic
and harmonic treatment along with new lines of highly effective
melodic development are Lloyd Webber's.
The song works in its own right as its many performers
and audiences can witness."
In interviews promoting
Amused to
Death,
Roger Waters, formerly
of
Pink Floyd, asserted that Andrew Lloyd
Webber had plagiarized short chromatic riffs from "
Echoes" for sections of the
musical The Phantom of the
Opera; nevertheless, he decided not to file a
lawsuit regarding the matter. Curiously, the
songwriter
Ray Repp made a similar claim
about the same song, but insisted that Lloyd Webber stole the idea
from him. Unlike Roger Waters, Ray Repp did decide to file a
lawsuit, but the court eventually cleared Lloyd Webber of
plagiarism. The riffs in question are also strikingly similar to
the bass line in "I Mean It", a song recorded in 1980 by the
American punk band
Romeo Void.
Nevertheless, Waters attacked Lloyd Webber in the song
It's a
Miracle on the
Amused to Death album:
"Lloyd Webber's awful stuff runs for years and years
and years / An earthquake hits the theatre but the operetta lingers
/ Then the piano lid comes down and breaks his fucking fingers /
It's a Miracle"
Lloyd Webber has also been accused of cribbing off
Puccini, most notably in
Requiem and
The Phantom of the Opera. A claim regarding
Phantom by the Puccini estate was settled out of
court.
The opening theme of
Memory from
Cats resembles
the opening theme in the flute solo of
California Dreaming
by
The Mamas & The
Papas.
Honours
Lloyd Webber was
knighted by
Elizabeth II of the United
Kingdom in 1992.
In 1997, he was created a
life peer as
Baron Lloyd-Webber, of Sydmonton, in
Hampshire (also by Elizabeth II). His title is
hyphenated but his surname is not.
Awards
Academy Awards
Plus one nomination for Best Original Song: "
Learn to Be Lonely" from the 2004 motion
picture
The
Phantom of the Opera.
Golden Globes
- 1997 - Best Original Song
for "You Must Love Me" from Evita (award shared with Sir
Tim Rice)
Plus one nomination for Best Original Song: "
Learn to Be Lonely" from the 2004 motion
picture
The
Phantom of the Opera.
Grammy Awards
Tony Awards
Plus 9 additional nominations
Shows
- Note: Music composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber unless
otherwise noted.
- * Lyrics by Tim Rice
- * Not shown until 2005
- * Lyrics by Tim Rice
- * Lyrics by Tim Rice
- * Lyrics by Alan Ayckbourn
- * Revised in 1996 as By Jeeves
- * Lyrics by Tim Rice
- * Lyrics by Don Black
- * Lyrics by Trevor Nunn, after
T. S.
Eliot
- * Lyrics by Don Black (revised by Richard Maltby, Jr. for Broadway)
- * Combination of Variations (1978) and Tell Me On A Sunday (1979)
- *Lyrics by Richard Stilgoe
- *Later revisions by Don
Black and David Yazbek
- * Lyrics by Charles
Hart
- * Additional Lyrics by Richard
Stilgoe
- * Based on the Gaston Leroux
novel
- * Lyrics by Don Black and Charles Hart
- * Based on the David Garnett
novel
- * Book and lyrics by Christopher
Hampton and Don Black
- * Based on the Billy Wilder
film (1950)
- * Lyrics by Jim Steinman
- * Lyrics by Ben Elton
- * Updated as The Boys
in the Photograph (2009)
- * Music by A.R. Rahman
- * Lyrics by Don Black
- * Produced by Andrew Lloyd Webber
- * Lyrics by David Zippel
- * Based on the Wilkie Collins
novel
- * Music by Richard Rodgers
- * Lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein
II
- * Produced by Andrew Lloyd Webber
- * Lyrics by Glenn Slater
Other works
- Variations (1978) -
A set of musical variations on Niccolò Paganini's Caprice in
A minor that Lloyd Webber composed for his brother, cellist
Julian. This album featured
fifteen rock musicians including guitarist Gary Moore and pianist Rod
Argent and reached number 2 in the UK album chart upon its
release. It was later combined with Tell Me on a Sunday to form one
show, Song and Dance. Lloyd
Webber also used variation five as the basis for Unexpected
Song in Song and Dance. The main theme is used as the theme
music to The South Bank
Show.
Discography
See also
- Pre-Raphaelite and Other Masters: The Andrew Lloyd Webber
Collection – Royal Academy of Arts, London 2003 ISBN
1-903973-39-2
- View of Geelong
, 1856 painting once owned by Lloyd
Webber
- Andrew Lloyd Webber's Official website
- Cats on a Chandelier – Coveney, M (1999), Hutchinson,
London
- Andrew Lloyd Webber's biography at the Really Useful
Group
- Oh What a Circus – Rice, Tim (1999), Hodder &
Stoughton, London
- Andrew Lloyd Webber – Snelson, John (2004), Yale
University Press, New Haven CT. ISBN 0-300-10459-6
- Andrew Lloyd Webber: His Life and Works – Walsh,
Michael (1989, revised and expanded, 1997), Abrams: New York
References
- http://britishhitsongwriters.com/page3.htm
- Births, Marriages and Deaths England and Wales
1984-2006
- Lloyd Webber diagnosed with cancer
- (Rice, 1999)
- Snelson, 2004
- "Andrew Lloyd Webber", Discogs.com. Article
retrieved 7 November 2006.
- *Roberts, David (Managing Editor) (2005), British Hit
Singles & Albums (Edition 18), Guinness World Records
Limited, ISBN 1-904994-00-8
- Timmy Mallett recordings, Brilliant TV
corporate website. Article retrieved 7 November 2006.
- "Bombalurina in Cats", PeoplePlayUK. Article
retrieved 7 November 2006.
- The Kennedy Center Honors
-
http://www.andrewlloydwebber.com/sections/news/newsdb.php?article=44/
- Friday Night Is Music Night – Andrew Lloyd
Webber Gala – BBC Press Office.Retrieved on 8 August
2007.
- BBC News,25 October 2009
-
http://utopia.knoware.nl/users/ptr/pfloyd/interview/roger2.html
- news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/235906.stm
- See Michael Oliver review,
Gramophone May 1985
- http://www.musicals101.com/who6b.htm
- Internet Broadway Database listing
- Playbill News: Lloyd Webber Receives Woodrow Wilson
Award 21 May
External links
for live theatre (1993)
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