For other uses of this term, see Battle of Balikpapan.

The Battle of Balikpapan was the concluding stage of the Borneo campaign . The landings took place on 1 July 1945. The Australian 7th Division, composed of the 18th, 21st and 25th Infantry Brigades, with support troops, made an amphibious landing, codenamed Operation Oboe Two a few miles north of Balikpapan, on the island of Borneo. The landing had been preceded by heavy bombing and shelling by Australian and US air and naval forces. The Japanese were totally outnumbered and out gunned, but like the other battles of the Pacific War, many of them fought to the death.

Major operations had ceased by July 21. The 7th Division's casualties were significantly lighter than they had suffered in previous campaigns. The battle was one of the last to occur in World War II, beginning a few weeks before the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki effectively ended the war. Japan surrendered while the Australians were combing the jungle for stragglers.

Following the surrender the three Brigades were committed to occupation duties until around February 1946. The 21st Brigade was detached to Makassar in the Celebes Islands to accept surrender of the Japanese forces, release POWs and maintain civil order.

Forces involved

Allied Units ("Oboe Two Force")

Land Forces

• 7th Australian Division
  • Divisional Units
    • 2/7 Cavalry Regiment
    • 2/1 Pioneer Battalion
    • 2/1 Machine Gun Battalion
    • B Company 2/1 Guard Regiment (4 platoons)
  • Divisional Artillery
    • 2/4 Field Regiment (25 pounder guns)
    • 2/5 Field Regiment (25 pounder guns)
    • 2/6 Field Regiment (25 pounder guns)
    • 2/2 Tank Attack Regiment
  • Divisional Engineers
    • 2/4 Field Company
    • 2/5 Field Company
    • 2/6 Field Company
    • 2/9 Field Company
    • 2/25 Field Park Company
  • 18 Infantry Brigade
    • 2/9 Battalion
    • 2/10 Battalion
    • 2/12 Battalion
  • 21 Infantry Brigade
    • 2/14 Battalion
    • 2/16th Battalion
    • 2/27 Battalion
  • 25 Infantry Brigade
    • 2/25 Battalion
    • 2/31 Battalion
    • 2/33 Battalion

• I Australian Corps units
  • (Attached to the 7th Division for operational purposes.)
    • 1st Armoured Regiment (Matilda II tanks)
    • Armoured Squadron (-)
    • 2/1 Composite Anti-Aircraft Regiment
    • 2 Beach Group
      • 2/2 Pioneer Battalion
        • 2/11 Field Company
          • 12 Aust. Light Wireless Section

• Royal Netherlands East Indies Army
  • • • • 1 Company, 1 NEI Battalion

• United States Army
  • • 727 Amphibious Tractor Battalion (less one company)
      • • One company, 672 Amphibious Tractor Battalion
        • One boat company, Boat Battalion, 593 Engineer Boat and Shore Regiment

Air Units

Royal Australian Air Force

• 79 (General Reconnaissance - Bomber) Wing Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF)
  • No. 2 Squadron (B-25)
  • No. 18 Squadron (B-25)
• 78 (Fighter) Wing RAAF (from June 30)
  • No. 75 Squadron (Kittyhawk)
  • No. 78 Squadron (Kittyhawk)
  • No. 80 Squadron (Kittyhawk)
  • No. 452 Squadron (Spitfire)
• 82 (Bomber) Wing RAAF
  • No. 21 Squadron (B-24)
  • No. 23 Squadron (B-24)
  • No. 24 Squadron (B-24)
• Detachment, 83 (Army Co-Operation) Wing
  • Detachment, No. 4 Squadron (CAC Boomerang)
  • Detachment, No. 16 Air Observation Post Flight
• Det, 9 Local Air Supply Unit
• No. 54 Squadron RAF (Spitfire)

United States Army Air Forces

• 13th Air Force
  • 42 (Medium) Bombardment Group (B-25)
    • 69, 70, 75, 100, 390 Bombardment Squadrons (Palawan Island)
  • 5 (Heavy) Bombardment Group (B-24)
    • 23, 31, 72, 394 Bombardment Squadrons (Samar Island)
  • 307 (Heavy) Bombardment Group (B-24)
    • 370, 371, 372, 424 Bombardment Squadrons (Morotai Island)
  • 868 Bombardment Squadron (SB-24, LAB: Low Altitude radar Bomb.) flew maritime surveillance patrols
  • 18 Fighter Group (P-38)
    • 12, 44, 70 Fighter Squadrons (Zamboanga)
  • 347 Fighter Group (P-38)
    • 67, 68, 339 Fighter Squadrons (Palawan Island)
  • 419 Night Fighter Squadron (P-61) (Zamboanga and Palawan)
  • 4 Reconnaissance Group (F-5 and B-25)
    • 17 Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron Det. (Palawan Island)
• 5th Air Force
  • 22 (Heavy) Bombardment Group (B-24)
  • 38 (Medium) Bombardment Group (B-25)
  • 90 (Heavy) Bombardment Group (B-24)
  • 380 (Heavy) Bombardment Group (B-24)

United States Marine Corps

• VMB-611 (PBJ) flying from Zamboanga
• Marine Air Group 2 (flying from the USN escort carriers)
  • Marine Escort Carrier Group 1 (MCVEG-1) on USS Block Island
    • VMF-511 (FG-1D Corsair) & F6F-5N Hellcat
    • VMTB-233 (TBM-3)
  • Marine Escort Carrier Group 2 (MCVEG-2) on carrier USS Gilbert Islands
    • VMF-512 (FG-1D)
    • VMTB-143 (TBM-3)

United States Navy

• Fleet Air Wing 17 (Palawan Island)
  • Patrol Bombing Squadron 128 (VPB-128) (PV-1)
  • Patrol Bombing Squadron 106 (VPB-106) (PB4Y-2)
  • Patrol Bombing Squadron 111 (VPB-111) (PB4Y-2)
• Navy Escort Carrier Group 40 (CVEG-40) on carrier Suwannee
  • Fighting Squadron 40 (VF-40) (F6F-5)
  • Torpedo Squadron 40 (VT-40) (TBM-3)

Naval Forces

• Attack Group 78.2
  • Transports: 1 AGC USS Wasatch, 1 CGC, 3 LSI (HMAS Manoora, HMAS Westralia, HMAS Kanimbla), 1 AKA (USS Titania), 1 LSD (USS Carter Hall), 5 APD, 1 LCF(F), 22 LSM, 35 LST, 16 LCI(L), 2 PC, 3 SC
  • Close Support: 10 LCS, 8 LCI(R), 6 LCI(R), 3 LCI(M)
  • Screen: 10 Destroyers (USS Robinson, Saufley, Waller, Philip, Bailey, Frazier, Flusser, Drayton, Conyngham, Smith), 5 Destroyer Escorts (USS Chaffee, L.E. Thomas, E.A.Howard, J. Rutheford, Key), 1 Frigate (HMAS Gascoyne)
  • Minesweeping Group: 1 APD, 5 AM, 12 YMS, 1 LSM
  • Service, Salvage and miscellaneous units

• Covering Group 74.2
  • Heavy Cruiser: HMAS Shropshire (from 27 June)
  • Light Cruisers: US Ships Montpelier (from 15 June), Denver (from 15 June), Columbia (from 23 June), Cleveland (30 June - 1st? July), Phoenix (4-6 July), Nashville (4-6 July), HMAS Hobart (from 27 June), HMNLS Tromp (From 19 June)
  • Destroyers: 4 from 15 June, 7 from 27 June.
  • High Speed transport: USS Schmidt (from 23 June)

• United States Navy Escort Carrier Group 78.4: (from 1-3 July)
  • Escort Carriers: US Ships Suwannee, Block Island, Gilbert Islands
  • Destroyers: USS Helm
  • Destroyer escorts: USS Mitchell, Donaldson, Cloues, Lamons and Kyne

• 8 USN PT boats arrived with the tender USS Mobjack on 27 June, and this force was expanded to two PT boat squadrons (10 and 27) on 6 July.

Japanese Units

• 22 Base Force
• 454 Independent Infantry Battalion

See also

• 1945-05-01 – 1945-05-25 Battle of Tarakan
• 1945-06-10 – 1945-06-15 Battle of Brunei
• 1945-06-10 – 1945-06-22 Battle of Labuan
• 1945-06-17 – 1945-08-15 Battle of North Borneo

References

• Australian Official Histories of World War II
  • Gavin Long (1963), The Final Campaigns. Australian War Memorial, Canberra.
  • G. Hermon Gill (1968), Royal Australian Navy 1942-45. Australian War Memorial, Canberra.
  • George Odgers (1968), Air War Against Japan, 1943-45. Australian War Memorial, Canberra.

• ‘Japanese Monograph Number 26: Borneo Operations. 1941-1945’ in War in Asia and the Pacific. Volume 6. The Southern Area (Part I).

• Wesley Craven and James Cate (1953), The Army Air Forces in World War Two. Volume V: Matterhorn to Nagasaki. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.

• Major General R.N. Hopkins (Retired). Australian Armour. A History of the Royal Australian Armoured Corps 1927-1972. Australian Government Publishing Service. 1978.

• Samuel Eliot Morison (1989), The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas 1944-1945. Little, Brown and Company, Boston.

• Gordon L. Rottman, US Marine Corps Order of Battle. Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War, 1939-1945. Greenwood Press. Westport. 2002.

• Royal Navy (1959), Naval Staff History Second World War: War with Japan, Volume VI; The Advance to Japan. British Admiralty, London.

• Pacific War Diary, 1942-1945: The Secret Diary of an American Sailor by James J. Fahey (1992) Houghton Mifflin ISBN 0-395-64022-9 (gives a shipboard view of the naval operations around the island, in particular the terrible beating the minesweeper took in clearing the harbor)