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Her Majesty's Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards, also known officially as the Coldstream Guards (COLDM GDS), is a regiment of the British Army, part of the Guards Division or Household Division.

It is the oldest regiment in the Regular Army in continuous active service, originating in Coldstreammarker, Scotland in 1650 when General George Monck founded the regiment. It is one of two regiments of the Household Division that can trace its lineage to the New Model Army, the other being the Blues and Royals .

Traditions and role

The grouping of buttons on the tunic is a common way to distinguish between the regiments of Foot Guards. Coldstream buttons are arranged in pairs, and a star of the garter is marked on their brassware.

The regiment is ranked second in the order of precedence, behind the Grenadier Guards. This is because the Grenadier Guards have served the Crown for a longer period of time. However, the Coldstream Guards is an older regiment, and because of this, has the motto Nulli Secundus (Second to None). The regiment has never been termed the "Second Regiment of Foot Guards" and, when parading with the other four regiments, is always on the extreme left of the line, with the Grenadier Guards on the extreme right. This ensures that the regiment is indeed "Second to None".

The regiment's formal title is Her Majesty's Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards. Their nickname is 'Lilywhites'. An ordinary soldier of the regiment is called a Guardsman, a designation granted by King George V after the First World War. The regiment is always referred to as the Coldstream, never as the Coldstreams, likewise a member of the regiment is referred to as a Coldstreamer.

Currently the most prominent role of the 1st Battalion and No. 7 Company is the performance of ceremonial duties in London and Windsormarker as part of the Household Division. No. 7 Company serves as an incremental Company in London and amongst other duties provides a Guard for the Queen's Birthday Parade. Duties include the State Opening of Parliament, Trooping the Colour, and the Remembrance Sunday parade. No. 7 company is involved in the Changing of the Guard.

In the 1954 film Carrington V.C. the President of the Court-martial comments on the "foot stamping" of the Sergeant orderly by referring to the Coldstream Guards. "A vile habit, introduced quite recently by Her Majesty's foot guards." The foot stamping referring to stamping the boot to punctuate the end of each movement of foot drill.

Companies that make up the regiment are traditionally numbered - the 1st Battalion contains HQ Coy, plus No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4 (Support) Coys. The Coldstream Guards Band and the staff of RHQ constitute No. 15 Coy. No. 7 Coy is the incremental company that is used for public duties and maintains the traditions of the 2nd Battalion. New officers destined for the regiment that are at Sandhurstmarker or at ATR Pirbright form No. 13 Coy, while Guardsmen under training at ITC Catterick make up No. 14 Coy.

Operationally, the Coldstream Guards currently perform the role of light infantry. The 1st Battalion is based in Aldershotmarker as an operational light infantry battalion. Under the reforms announced in 2004, the Coldstream Guards will be given this as a fixed role, alternating the public duties task with the Irish Guards.

The Corps of Drums, in addition to their ceremonial role, has the role of machine gun platoon. All Guardsmen for public duties wear the 'Home Service' Dress tunic in summer or greatcoat in winter and bearskin with a red plume. The Coldstream Guards regimental band plays at Changing of The Guard, state visits and many other events. All of the regiments' musicians were trained as medical orderlies, however they now undertake a role in Nuclear, Biological and Chemical decontamination.

Unlike the other four regiments of foot guards, which recruit from each of the four home nations, the Coldstream Guards has a specific recruiting area, which encompasses the counties that Monck's Regiment passed through on its march from Coldstreammarker to Londonmarker.

History

The origin of the Coldstream Guards lies in the English Civil War when Oliver Cromwell gave Colonel George Monck permission to form his own regiment as part of the New Model Army. Monck took men from the regiments of George Fenwick and Sir Arthur Haselrig, five companies each, and on 23 August 1650 formed Monck's Regiment of Foot. It took part in the Battle of Dunbarmarker, where the Roundheads defeated forces of Charles Stuart. Monck's regiment was left in Scotlandmarker.

After Cromwell's death, Monck turned to support the monarchy and on 1 January 1660 crossed the River Tweed into Englandmarker at the village of Coldstreammarker and began a five-week march to Londonmarker. He arrived in London on 2 February and helped in the Restoration of the monarchy. For his help, Monck was given the Order of the Garter and his regiment was assigned to keep order in London. However, the new parliament soon ordered his regiment to be disbanded with the other regiments of the New Model Army.

Before that could happen, Parliament was forced to rely on the help of the regiment against an army mutiny on 6 January 1661. The regiment successfully defeated the rebels. On 14 February the men of the regiment symbolically laid down their arms as part of the New Model Army and were immediately ordered to take them up again as a royal regiment of The Lord General's Regiment of Foot Guards, a part of the Household Troops.

The regiment was placed as the second senior regiment of Household Troops, but they answered to that by adopting the motto Nulli Secundus, Second to None, due to the fact that the regiment is older than the senior regiment. The regiment always stands on the left of the line when on parade with rest of the Foot Guards, so standing "second to none". When Monck died in 1670, the Earl of Craven took command of the regiment and it adopted a new name, the Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards.

The regiment saw active service in Flanders and in the Monmouth Rebellion, including the decisive Battle of Sedgemoormarker in 1685. After 1688 they fought in the Battle of Walcourtmarker in 1689, the Battle of Landen and the Siege of Namurmarker.

n 1760, the 2nd Battalion was sent to Germany to campaign under Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick and fought in the Battle of Wilhelmstal and at the Castle of Arnoneberg. Three Guards companies of 307 men under Coldstream commander Colonel Matthew fought in the American War of Independence.

The Coldstream Regiment saw extensive service in the wars against the French Revolution and in the Napoleonic Wars. Under the command of Sir Ralph Abercrombie they defeated French troops in Egyptmarker. In 1807 they took part in the investment of Copenhagenmarker. In January 1809 they sailed to Portugalmarker to join the forces under the Duke of Wellington. The 2nd Battalion joined the Walcheren Expedition. Later it served as part of the 2nd Guards Brigade in the chateau of Hougoumontmarker on the outskirts of the Battle of Waterloomarker. This defence is considered one of the greatest achievements of the regiment, and an annual ceremony of "Hanging the Brick" is performed each year in the Sergeants' Mess to commemorate the efforts of Cpl James Graham and Lt-Col James Macdonnell, who shut the North Gate after a French attack. Wellington himself declared after the battle that "the success of the battle turned upon closing the gates at Hougoumont".

The regiment was later part of the British occupation forces of Parismarker until 1816.



During the Crimean War, the Coldstream Guards fought in the battles of Alma, Inkermanmarker and Sevastopol. On their return, four of the guardsmen were awarded the newly-instituted Victoria Cross.

The regiment received its current name, The Coldstream Guards, in 1855. In 1882 they were sent to Egypt against the rebels of Ahmed 'Urabi and in 1885 in the Suakin Campaign. In 1897, the Coldstreamers were reinforced with the addition of the 3rd battalion. The 1st and 2nd battalions were dispatched to South Africa at the outbreak of the Second Boer War.

Recruitment poster for the Coldstream Guards, 1914
At the outbreak of the First World War, Coldstreamers were among the first British regiments to arrive in France after Britain declared war on Germany. In the following battles, they suffered heavy losses, in two cases losing all their officers. At the first Battle of Ypres the 1st battalion was virtually annihilated - by 1 November down to 150 men and the Lt Quartermaster. They fought in Monsmarker, Loos, Somme, Ginchymarker and in the 3rd Battle of Ypresmarker. They also formed the 4th (Pioneer) Battalion, which was disbanded after the war, in 1919. The 5th Reserve battalion never left Britain before it was disbanded.

When the Second World War began, the 1st and 3rd battalions of the Coldstream Guards were part of the British Expeditionary Force in France. They also formed additional 4th and 5th battalions for the duration of the war. They fought extensively in North Africa and Europe as dismounted infantry and the 1st battalion in the Guards Armoured Division. The 4th battalion first became a motorized battalion in 1940 and then an armoured battalion in 1943. The 4th and 5th served as part of the Guards Armoured Division. 6th battalion was also formed in 1941 but was disbanded in 1943 without seeing any action.

Coldstreamers gave up their tanks at the end of the war, the new battalions were disbanded and the troops distributed to the 1st and 2nd Guard Training Battalions.

After the war, the 1st and 3rd battalions served in Palestine. The 2nd battalion served in the Malayan Emergency. The 3rd battalion was placed in suspended animation in 1959. The remaining battalions served during the Mau Mau rebellion, in Adenmarker, Mauritiusmarker in 1965, in the Cyprus Emergency in 1974 and several times in Northern Irelandmarker after 1969.

The Regimental Band of the Coldstream Guards were the first act on stage at the Wembleymarker leg of the 1985 Live Aid charity concert. They played for the Prince and Princess of Wales. More recently, the band's Fanfare team opened Live 8 in Hyde Park in the summer of 2005.

After the Cold War, the 1st battalion was dispatched to the first Gulf War where it was involved in prisoner of war handling and other roles. In 1993, due to defence cutbacks, the 2nd battalion was placed in suspended animation and its colours are maintained by No 7 Company, which is permanently stationed in London on ceremonial duties.

For much of the 1990s, the 1st Battalion was stationed in Munster, Germany in the Armoured Infantry Role with Warrior APC's as part of 4th Armoured Brigade. In 1993-1994 the battalion served as an armoured infantry battalion in peacekeeping duties in Bosniamarker as part of UNPROFOR with the Battalion Headquarters in Vitez with additional outposts in Gornji Vakuf and Sarajevo.

The battalion was posted to Londonderrymarker, Northern Ireland on a 2-year deployment in 2001. It deployed to Iraq in April 2005 for a 6 month tour with the rest of 12th Mechanised Brigade, based in the south of the county. The battalion lost two of its soldiers - on 2 May, near Al Amarahmarker and on 18 October at Basramarker.

Des Browne, Secretary of State for Defence, announced on 19 July 2007 that the battalion was to be sent, as part of 52 Infantry Brigade, to Afghanistan in October 2007. In March 2008 while on patrol with the ANA members of the Regiment discovered a Taliban torture chamber.

Battle honours

There are 117 battle honours:

Order of Precedence

Alliances

See also



Notes

  1. Roberts, p 58
  2. Battalions placed in 'suspended animation' have not formally been disbanded, but effectively they cease to exist. 'Suspended animation' is an officially used British Army term.

References

  • Sir Julian Paget, Bt - Second to none : the Coldstream Guards, 1650-2000 (2000) ISBN 0-85052-769-4
  • Roberts, Andrew; Waterloo: Napoleon's Last Gamble, 2005, London: HarperCollins Publishers, ISBN 0007190751


Original information from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica

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