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Donald David "Dave" Guard (born October 19, 1934, San Francisco, Californiamarker - died March 22, 1991) was an Americanmarker folk singer, songwriter, arranger and recording artist. Along with Nick Reynolds and Bob Shane, he was one of the founding members of The Kingston Trio.

Guard was educated in Honolulumarker at Punahou Schoolmarker in what was then the pre-statehood U.S. Territory of Hawaii. Upon completion of his final year of high school in 1952 at Menlo Schoolmarker, a private prep school in Menlo Park, Californiamarker, he matriculated at nearby Stanford Universitymarker, graduating in 1957 with a degree in Economics.

While an undergraduate at Stanford, Guard started a pickup group with Nick Reynolds and Bob Shane. Guard called his group Dave Guard and the Calypsonians, with a Weavers-style signature sound that was principally two guitars, a banjo, and rollicking vocals. Guard kept the group together after Reynolds and Shane left, changing the name of the Calypsonians to The Kingston Quartet. Then in 1957, when Reynolds and Shane agreed to team up with Guard again, the group changed its name to The Kingston Trio. Under contract with Capitol Recordsmarker, the Trio became a huge commercial and influential success.

Early life

Guard spent his early years first in San Francisco, and then his junior high school and high school years in Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii. Guard grew up hearing the soft vocal melodies and strummed guitars of Hawaiian music. He was particularly attracted to the unique rhythmic sounds of finger-picked slack-key ukulele and guitar music masterfully performed by the many of his neighbors and beach boys.

Guard attended Punahou School, a private school established in 1849 by Hawaii's New England missionary families during junior high school and high school. Hawaiian culture and music played an important part in his school's educational program. Along with all his other classmates Guard early on learned to play Hawaii's ubiquitous ukulele in a 7th grade junior high school music class required of all students. It was in that class that Punahou's young 7th graders like Guard and his future Kingston Trio partner-to-be Shane learned the basics of playing the ukulele. The "ukulele" class made an impact on Shane, who during the next four years progressed steadily from the 4-string ukulele to the less toy-like and more professional appearing baritone uke, on to the tenor guitar, and finally to the 6-string acoustic guitar. According to Guard, his own first serious exposure to stringed instruments came from Shane, who taught him the rudiments of playing the six string guitar.

Guard participated in sports, and was a member of Punahou's ROTC battalion. In his junior year he participated in musical skits along with a number of other classmates who, like himself, had by that time also had become accomplished musicians. Guard left Punahou at the end of his junior year, completing his final year of high school at the Menlo School, a private prep school that helped him prepare for acceptance and matriculation at nearby Stanford Universitymarker.

Professional life and accomplishments (1955 - 1961)

When Shane left the Calypsonians and returned to Hawaii to work in his family's business. Guard added two additional members, bassist Joe Gannon and vocalist Barbara Bogue, making the Calypsonians a quartet. Later, when Reynolds also left the Calypsonians, Guard replaced him with Don MacArthur to keep the quartet format intact, but by that time the national interest in calypso rhythms was waning while Guard's musical growth was reaching out from calypso as well. Still appreciating Caribbean rhythms and vocals, but given his more eclectic folk music interests, Guard changed the name of the four Calypsonians to The Kingston Quartet.

The Kingston Trio

In 1956 a publicist in the area, Frank Werber, offered his services to Guard and his bandmates, including Reynolds at the time. Werber's offer, however, was contingent upon replacing Gannon and Bogue and shortly thereafter, MacArthur, Gannon and Bogue left the group. Guard and Reynolds contacted former Calypsonian member Shane (who was performing part time in Honolulu) asking him to join the reconstituted group. In 1957, back again as a trio as in their previous college days, they changed its name to The Kingston Trio.

With material gathered from a variety of sources, under Guard's musical arrangements and direction, the Kingston Trio quickly became a success. Guard, Shane and Reynolds worked well together. In addition to developing the characteristic "Kingston Trio sound" of the group's two guitars and a banjo, success came to the group from Guard's musical arrangements and renditions of folk and Irish ballads, Shane's talent for style, performance, and his innate knowledge of what pleased audiences, and with Reynold's taking on the management of the group's logistics.

The Kingston Trio with Guard recorded for Capitol Recordsmarker; subsequent iterations of the group managed first by Werber and Shane and later by Shane alone recorded for Decca Records, Folk Era, Silverwolf, Pair, Collector's Choice Music, CEMA, and MCA, and had many hit songs in its initial ten year run.  The Kingston Trio's many songs include "Tom Dooley," "A Worried Man," "Hard Travelin'," "Tijuana Jail," "Greenback Dollar," "Reverend Mr. Black," "Sloop John B.," "Scotch And Soda," "Merry Minuet," "Hard, Ain't It Hard," "Zombie Jamboree", "M.T.A.", "Three Jolly Coachmen," and "Raspberries, Strawberries."

Guard's break with the Trio

Guard was aware that among the Kingston Trio, he was the only one who could read music and who had some understanding of music theory; his partners basically played by rote, and the three of them sang in what could only be called "barroom harmony". With help from the Trio's bassist and musicologist David "Buck" Wheat, Guard embarked on a self-education program of learning more about harmony, and becoming more and more disenchanted with what appeared to him to be a lack of willingness or effort to "improve" on the part of his partners.

By late 1960, Guard's frustration and discontent with his partners, combined with an alleged embezzlement of the group's finances, had reached a point where he no longer wanted to work with Reynolds and Shane. Giving his partners notice that he intended to leave the Trio, and unwilling to cause the group he had founded to disband, Guard agreed to stay on with the Trio until his personal commitments were completed, and until Shane and Reynolds were able to find a suitable replacement for him. By early 1961 Shane and Reynolds had found a replacement for Guard. After a reportedly acrimonious meeting with Shane, Reynolds, and the Trio's business manager over the future of the Trio, Guard quit the group. In Frank Shane (no relation to Bob Shane)'s "Coffee House", the Trio continued to perform for five years as the Kingston Trio before disbanding in 1967, with John Stewart taking Guard's place.

Post "Trio" accomplishments (1961-1978)

The Whiskeyhill Singers

In 1961, shortly after leaving the Trio, Guard formed a new group, The Whiskeyhill Singers, with Judy Henske, Cyrus Faryar, and Kingston Trio bassist David "Buck" Wheat. They toured and released an album and were asked to perform several folk songs on the Academy Award winning soundtrack of How the West Was Won. Their voices can be heard on "The Erie Canal", "900 miles", "The Ox Driver", "Raise A Ruckus Tonight". Guard performed solo on the tracks "Wanderin'" and "Poor Wayfarin' Stranger".

Judy Henske was eventually replaced by Liz Seneff, but the Whiskeyhill Singers broke up in 1962 after recording one album on the Capitol record label and a second that was never released. 24 years after the breakup of this group, Guard did four tracks on a 12-track cassette recorded to accompany the All Along the Merrimac tour of New Hampshiremarker and a final solo album, Up & In (1988), which received mixed reviews. Over the years Guard worked with a number of people, including Henske, Faryar, Tim Buckley, Tommy Makem and David White.

Dave's Place

In late 1962 Guard moved with his family to Sydney, Australiamarker, where he purchased a home overlooking the South Pacific Ocean at Whale Beach. He performed both under his own name, anonymously and under an alias as a supporting musician and vocalist on Australian recording sessions with, among others, Lionel Long, The Twiliters, The Green Hill Singers, Tina Date and The Tolmen. He also anonymously recorded many sound clips for radio and TV commercials. In 1964, Guard became the folk music consultant on the ABC-TV program "Jazz Meets Folk" and he hosted his own ABC-TV national TV variety show, Dave's Place on Sunday nights for 13 weeks in late 1965.

Until his return to the United Statesmarker in 1968, Guard gave guitar lessons and, with the help of his wife, Gretchen, wrote a book, Colour Guitar, describing a unique guitar teaching method relating music theory to a 12-valued chain of chords with color.Guard's relationship with the Trio remained strained while he was in Australia. According to Guard, while he was in Australia, Reynolds and Shane never contacted him, and he never heard any of their albums.

In 1967 Guard sold his 24% interest in the Kingston Trio to Shane, giving Shane the right to call his group The Kingston Trio. Following his return from Australia 1968 and his wife's 1970 graduation from Stanford with a degree in Art, Guard and his wife collaborated in researching, writing, and publishing a book on the ancient Irish folk tale, Deirdre of the Sorrows, followed by a second book about a 400-year old Hawaiian folk tale.

Pure Gabby

After the breakup of the Singers in 1961 Guard had returned to Hawaii. Always a folk music eclectic, Guard attempted to publicize the slack-key sounds of Hawaiian folk guitar. Guard worked closely in Honolulu with slack key guitar icon Gabby Pahinui to record and produce Pure Gabby, an album of classic Hawaiian melodies played with slack key tunings. Guard tried to interest major record companies with Pure Gabby, but met with little interest, and he shelved the project. In 1978, ten years after his return from Australia, at the urging of Singer colleague, Cyrus Faryar, who had heard Guard's Pure Gabby tapes, Guard contacted Hula Records of Honolulumarker about Pure Gabby, which agreed to take the recordings and distribute the album.

Later years and death

Guard dropped out of the public eye in the years between 1978 and 1990. Little is known about his activities during that time, giving rise to the term "the mystery years" of Guard's life. What is known, however, is that in addition to writing and recording, Guard also found time to produce the video Workout for Equestrians with Ingrid Gsottschneider for Golden Arrow Enterprises.

During the 1980s Guard continued to make solo performances, along with several "reunions" of the old Kingston Trio. He also remarried during this time, and lived with his wife in Los Altos, Californiamarker.

Death

Guard had contracted lymphoma sometime after he moved to Rollinsford, New Hampshiremarker. On March 22, 1991, aged 56, he succumbed to the cancer. His passing was noted and memorialized by the many good friends he had made and those he had helped both in and outside of the music industry during the ensuing years. In 2000 The Kingston Trio was inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame.

He was survived by his wife Gretchen, their children, Sally, Catherine and Tom, and Guard's mother, Marjorie. Guard's daughter Sally died in 2001, also from cancer.

Discography

Dave Guard & The Calypsonians

  • Run Joe 1957 (Capitol)
  • Fast Freight 1957 (Capitol)


The Kingston Trio



Top 40 Hit Singles

  • Tom Dooley 1958 (Capitol) #1 Gold hit record
  • The Tijuana Jail 1959 (Capitol) #12
  • M.T.A. 1959 (Capitol) #15
  • A Worried Man 1959 (Capitol) #20
  • El Matador 1960 (Capitol) #32
  • Bad Man Blunder 1960 (Capitol) #37


The Whiskeyhill Singers



  • Dave Guard & The Whiskeyhill Singers 1962 (Capitol)
  • Whiskeyhill Singers 2nd Album (unreleased) (1962)
  • How The West Was Won: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack 1963 (MGM)
  • The Kingston Trio Capitol Years 1995 (Capitol)


Dave's Place Group

  • Dave's Place 1965 (ABC-TV Australia). Apart from the archived records of the ABC-TV show, no recordings were ever made by this group that consisted of Dave Guard (guitar & vocal), Chris Bonett (bass & vocal), Len Young (drums) and Frances Stone (vocal). Early in the series, Stone was replaced by Kerrilee Male, who in turn was replaced by Norma Shirlee Stoneman towards the middle of the season.


Solo career

  • Up & In, 1988 (Folk Era, later re-released on Silverwolf) Dave Guard
  • All Along the Merrimac, 1986 (Four tracks on the Folk Era cassette to accompany a touring show with Dave Guard, The Shaw Brothers and The White Mountain Singers)
  • Pure Gabby, 1978 (Hula) Gabby Pahinui (producer)


Arranger

  • All My Sorrows (with Bob Shane & Nick Reynolds)
  • Banua (Traditional (Arr by Dave Guard))
  • Bay Of Mexico (Traditional (Arr by Dave & Gretchen Guard))
  • Blow Ye Winds
  • Bonnie Hielan' Laddie (with Joe Hickerson)
  • Buddy Better Get On Down The Line (with Jane Bowers)
  • Bye Bye Thou Little Tiny Child
  • Come All Ye Fair And Tender Ladies (with Gretchen Guard)
  • Coplas (Traditional (Arr by Dave Guard))
  • Corey Corey (with Bob Shane & Nick Reynolds)
  • Coventry Carol (Bye Bye Thou Little Tiny Child)
  • Dodi Li (with Bob Shane & Nick Reynolds)
  • Don't Weep Mary (with Bob Shane & Nick Reynolds)
  • Dorie' (with Bob Shane & Nick Reynolds)
  • Farewell Adelita (with Bob Shane & Nick Reynolds)
  • Getaway John
  • Go Where I Send Thee (with Bob Shane & Nick Reynolds)
  • Goober Peas
  • Gue' Gue (with Bob Shane & Nick Reynolds)
  • Haul Away
  • The Hunter (with Bob Shane & Nick Reynolds)
  • Little Maggie
  • Oh, Cindy (with Bob Shane, Nick Reynolds & Frank Werber)
  • Oh, Yes, Oh (with Gretchen Guard)
  • Pay Me Money Down
  • Sail Away Ladies
  • Scotch and Soda
  • Sing We Noel
  • Santy Anno
  • Somerset Glouchestershire Wasail (with Erich Schwandt)
  • Three Jolly Coachmen
  • When The Saints Go Marching In (Traditional, Arr. by Dave Guard)
  • With You My Johnny (with Bob Shane & Nick Reynolds)
  • You're Gonna Miss Me (with Mike Seeger, Tom Paley & John Cohen)
  • You Don't Knock
  • A Worried Man (with Tom Glazer)


Original Songs Composed With Jane Bowers

  • Coast Of California
  • Senora
  • When I Was Young


References

  1. Including Bob Shane
  2. Blake, Rubeck, Shaw et al. The Kingston Trio On Record. Naperville, Illinois: KK Inc., 1986, p. 54 [1]
  3. Blake, Rubeck, Shaw et al. The Kingston Trio On Record. Naperville Il: KK Inc., 1986, p. 25
  4. Mildred Hamilton, San Francisco Sundary Examiner and Chronicle, February 19, 1978
  5. "Kingston Trio on Record", as reprinted in Popular Folk Music Today, Spring 1991.
  6. Pure Gabby liner notes with a note from the producer on how this record came to be.
  7. Bruce Eder, How The West Was Won (soundtrack) liner notes.
  8. Punahou School class of 1952 50th reunion classmate biographies


External links




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