A
dynasty is a succession of people belonging to
the same family, who, through various means and forms maintain
power,
influence or
authority
over the course of generations. Most commonly the term is used
specifically in reference to
royal
houses and
imperial dynasties — their
authority manifests itself as the
sovereign of a state or territory. Usually in much
of the world, such dynasties and
noble
houses are defined
patrilineally,
with
inheritance and
kinship being predominantly viewed and legally
calculated through descent from a common ancestor in the
male line. The female line is normally only
considered once the male lineage has died out. Other forms of
dynasties include
political families in
republics and also with the rise of
mercantilism prominent business and
financial dynasties. These do not carry
the public prestige of a monarch but are influential.
Dynasts
A ruler in a dynasty is sometimes referred to as a
dynast,
but this term is also used to describe any member of a reigning
family who retains
succession
rights to a throne. For example, following his abdication,
Edward VIII of the United
Kingdom ceased to be a
dynastic member of the
House of Windsor.
A "dynastic
marriage" is one that complies
with monarchical
house law restrictions,
so that the descendants are eligible to inherit the throne and/or
other
royal privileges.
For instance, the 2002
marriage of Willem-Alexander, Prince of
Orange to Máxima
Zorreguieta was dynastic, and their eldest child is
expected to eventually inherit the Dutch
crown. But the marriage of his younger brother
Prince Friso to
Mabel Wisse Smit in 2003 lacked government
support and
parliamentary approval.
Thus Friso forfeited his place in the
order of succession, lost his title as a
Prince of the Netherlands, and his children have no
dynastic rights.
In historical and
monarchist references to
formerly reigning families,
dynastic describes a family
member who would have succession rights if the monarchy's rules
were still in force. For example, after the 1914 assassinations of
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand of Austria and his
morganatic wife
Sophie von Hohenberg, their son
Max was bypassed for
the Austrian throne because he was not a
Habsburg dynast. Even since abolition of the
Austrian monarchy, Max and his descendants have not been considered
the rightful
pretenders by Austrian
monarchists, nor have they claimed that position.
The term "dynast" is sometimes used to refer to
agnatic descendants of a
realm's monarchs, and sometimes to those who hold
succession rights through
cognatic
royal descent. The term can therefore describe overlapping but
distinct sets of people. For example,
David Armstrong-Jones,
Viscount Linley, a nephew of
Queen Elizabeth II
through her late sister,
Princess Margaret,
is in the line of succession to the British crown, and in that
sense is a British dynast. Yet he is not a
male-line member of the
royal family, and is therefore not a dynast of
the House of Windsor.
On the other hand, the German
aristocrat
Ernst August, Prince
of Hanover (born 1954), although a male-line descendant of
George III of the
United Kingdom, is a remote descendant with no legal British
titles and styles (although he is entitled to re-claim the
once-
royal dukedom of
Cumberland). Yet he was born in the
line of succession to the
British crown and is bound by the
Royal Marriages Act 1772. Thus, in
1999 he requested and obtained formal permission from Elizabeth II
to marry the Roman Catholic
Princess Caroline of Monaco.
But immediately upon marriage he forfeited his right to the British
throne because the English
Act of
Settlement 1701 dictates that dynasts married to a Roman
Catholic are considered dead for the purpose of succession.
However, the couple's daughter, Princess Alexandra of Hanover (born
1999), remains a legal dynast of both the United Kingdom and Monaco
, not to mention her father's claim to dynasticity as
pretender to the former royal crown of
Hanover.
Dynasties by region
Royal Families
Business Houses
Political Dynasties in the Republic
- The Macapagal Family
(1660-Present)
- The
Aquino
Revolutionary Dynasty (1874-Present)
- The Lacson Family
(1857-Present)
- Hari Pun Chai dynasty (663-1293)
- Phra Roung dynasty (Sukhothai Empire) (1237-1438)
- Mangrai dynasty (1261- 1578)
- Eu Thong dynasty (1350-1370),(1388-1409)
- Suphanabhumi dynasty (1370-1350),(1409-1569)
- Phra Roung Dynasty (Ayuthaya Empire) (1569-1629)
- Prasart Thong dynasty (1629-1688)
- Bann Plu Luang dynasty (1688-1767)
- Thonburi dynasty (1767-1782)
- Chakri dynasty
(1782-present)
- 1st dynasty (192 - 336)
- 2nd dynasty (336 - 420)
- 3rd dynasty (420 - 529)
- 4th dynasty (529 - 758)
- 5th dynasty (758 - 854)
- 6th dynasty (854 - 989)
- 7th dynasty (989 - 1044)
- 8th dynasty (1044 - 1074)
- 9th dynasty (1074 - 1139)
- 10th dynasty (1139 - 1145)
- 11th dynasty (1145 - 1190)
- 12th dynasty (1190 - 1318)
- 13th dynasty (1318 - 1390)
- 14th dynasty (1390 - 1458)
- 15th dynasty (1458 - 1471)
- vacant (1471 - 1695)
- Dynasty of Po Saktiraidaputih (1695 - 1822)
- See Early kings of
the Lombards.
Before the unification of Castile and Aragon
After the unification of Castile and Aragon
The crown of the Kingdom of England and Ireland merged with that of
the Kingdom of Scotland to form a personal union between
England-Ireland and Scotland (the former a personal union itself)
Personal Union between Great Britain and Ireland
(1707-1801)
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801-1921)
Personal Union of the UK [of GB and NI] and several other Irish
states (1921-1949)
UK [of GB and NI] (Without the personal union with Ireland)
(1949-present)
Political families in Republics
Though in elected governments rule does not pass automatically by
inheritance, political power often accrues to generations of
related individuals even in Republics. Eminence,
Influence, familiarity,
tradition,
genetics, and
even
nepotism may contribute to this
phenomenon.
Family dictatorships are a
slightly different concept, where political power passes within a
family due to the overwhelming authority of the leader, rather than
informal power accrued to the family.
Some political dynasties:
References
(Mongol) (1271–1368)
(1368–1644)
(Manchu) (1644–1912)
, Bangladesh
)
(1314–1419)
(1314–1429)
(1314–1429)
(918-1392)
(1392-1897)
(1897-1910)
(Shipping) (1700s-Present)
(1802—1945)
(1498-1515)
(1515-1589)
, Spain
(1866-1947)
(970-1060)
-Zweibrücken
-Kleeburg (1654-1720)
(under English rule)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
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