Emily Jane Brontë ( ) (30 July 1818 – 19 December
1848) was an English
novelist and
poet, now best remembered for her
novel Wuthering
Heights, a classic of
English literature. Emily was the second
eldest of the three surviving
Brontë
sisters, between
Charlotte
and
Anne. She published under the
androgynous
pen name Ellis
Bell.
Biography
Emily
Brontë was born in Thornton
, near Bradford
in Yorkshire
, to Patrick
Brontë and Maria Branwell. She was the younger sister of
Charlotte Brontë and the fifth
of six children.
In 1824, the family moved to Haworth
, where
Emily's father was perpetual curate, and it
was in these surroundings that their literary oddities
flourished. In childhood, after the death of their mother,
the three sisters and their brother
Patrick Branwell Brontë created
imaginary lands, which were featured in stories they wrote. Little
of Emily's work from this period survived, except for poems spoken
by characters (
The Brontës' Web of Childhood, Fannie
Ratchford, 1941).
In 1838,
Emily commenced work as a governess at
Miss Patchett's Ladies Academy at Law Hill School, near Halifax
, leaving after about six months due to
homesickness. Later, with her sister Charlotte, she
attended a private school in Brussels
run by
Constantin Heger and his wife,
Claire Zoë Parent Heger. They later tried to open up a
school at their home, but had no pupils.
It was the discovery of Emily's poetic talent by Charlotte that led
her and her sisters to publish a joint collection of their poetry
in 1846,
Poems by Currer, Ellis,
and Acton Bell. To evade contemporary
prejudice against female writers, the Brontë
sisters adopted androgynous first names. All three retained the
same initials: Charlotte became Currer Bell, Anne became Acton Bell
and Emily became Ellis Bell.
In 1847, she published her only novel,
Wuthering Heights, as two volumes of
a three volume set (the last volume being
Agnes Grey by her sister Anne). Its
innovative structure somewhat puzzled critics. Although it received
mixed reviews when it first came out, the book subsequently became
an
English literary classic. In
1850, Charlotte edited and published
Wuthering Heights as
a stand-alone novel and under Emily's real name.
Emily's health, like her sisters', had been weakened by the harsh
local climate at home and at school. She caught a cold during the
funeral of her brother in September, which led to
tuberculosis. Refusing medical help, she died
on 19 December 1848 at about two in the afternoon. She was interred
in the Church of
St. Michael and All
Angels family capsule, Haworth, West Yorkshire.
See also
Notes
- forvo.com Emily Brontë
References
Further reading
- Emily Brontë, Charles
Simpson
- In the Footsteps of the Brontës, Ellis Chadwick
- The Oxford Reader's Companion to the Brontës, Christine Alexander & Margaret Smith
- Literature and
Evil, Georges
Bataille
- The Brontë Myth, Lucasta
Miller
- Emily, Daniel Wynne
- Dark Quartet, Lynne Reid
Banks
- Emily Brontë, Winifred
Gerin
- A Chainless Soul: A Life of Emily Brontë, Katherine Frank
- Emily Brontë. Her Life and Work, Muriel Spark and Derek Stanford
- Emily's Ghost: A Novel of the Brontë Sisters, Denise Giardina
External links