Fox News Channel (
FNC), commonly
referred to as
Fox or
Fox News,
is a
cable and
satellite news channel owned by the
Fox Entertainment Group, a
subsidiary of
News Corporation.
As of April 2009, it
is available to 102 million households in the U.S. and further to
viewers internationally,
broadcasting primarily out of its New York City
studios.
The channel was created by
Australian-American media mogul
Rupert Murdoch, who hired
Roger Ailes as its founding
CEO. The channel was launched on October 7, 1996 to 17
million cable subscribers. The network slowly rose to prominence in
the late 1990s.
In terms of regular viewers (Nielsen ratings), Fox News rates as the
United
States
' number one cable news network, ahead of CNN and MSNBC.
Many observers say that the Fox News Channel's programming promotes
conservative
political positions. Fox News Channel denies any
bias in the channel's news reporting, and says
there is a distinction between its news coverage and editorial
programming.
History
Early years
In May
1985, Australian publisher Rupert Murdoch announced that he and American industrialist and
philanthropist Marvin Davis intend to develop "a network of
independent stations as a fourth marketing force" to compete
directly with CBS, NBC and
ABC through the
purchase of six television stations then owned by Metromedia. In July 1985,
20th Century Fox announced that publisher
Rupert Murdoch had completed his
purchase of 50 percent of
Fox
Filmed Entertainment, the parent company of 20th Century Fox
Film Corporation. A year later,
Twentieth Century Fox Film
Corp. earned $5.6 million in its fiscal third period ended May
31, 1986, in contrast to a loss of $55.8 million in the
year-earlier period.
Prior to
founding FNC, Murdoch had gained significant experience in the
24-hour news business when News
Corp.'s BSkyB subsidiary started Europe's first 24-hour news channel, Sky News, in the United Kingdom
in 1989. With the success of his
fourth network efforts in the United
States, experience gained from Sky News, and turnaround of 20th
Century Fox, Murdoch announced on January 31, 1996 that News Corp.
would be launching a 24-hour news channel to air on both cable and
satellite systems as part of a News Corp. "worldwide platform" for
Fox programming, reasoning that "The appetite for news —
particularly news that explains to people how it affects
them — is expanding enormously."
In February 1996, after former Republican political strategist and
NBC executive
Roger Ailes left
America's Talking (now
MSNBC), Murdoch called him to start the
Fox News
Channel. Ailes worked individuals through five months of
14-hour workdays and several weeks of rehearsal shows before
launch, on October 7, 1996.
At launch,
only 10 million households were able to watch FNC, with none in the
major media markets of New York City and Los
Angeles
. According to published reports, many media
reviewers had to watch the first day's programming at Fox News
studios because it was not readily available. The rolling news
coverage during the day consisted of 20-minute single topic shows
like
Fox on Crime or
Fox on Politics surrounded
by news
headlines. Interviews had various
facts at the bottom of the screen about the topic or the guest. The
flagship newscast at the time was called
The Schneider
Report, with
Mike
Schneider giving a fast paced delivery of the news. During the
evening, Fox had opinion shows:
The O'Reilly Report (now,
The O'Reilly Factor),
The Crier Report hosted by
Catherine Crier, and
Hannity & Colmes.
From the beginning, FNC has placed heavy emphasis on visual
presentation. Graphics were designed to be colorful and attention
grabbing and to allow people to get the main points of what was
being said even if they could not hear the host, through the use of
on-screen text summarizing the position of the interviewer or
speaker and "bullet points" when a host was giving
commentary.
Fox News also created the "Fox News Alert," which interrupted
regular programming when a
breaking
news story occurred.
To accelerate its adoption by cable companies, Fox News paid
systems up to $11 per subscriber to distribute the network. This
contrasted with the normal practice, in which cable operators paid
stations carriage fees for the programming of channels. When
Time Warner bought out
Ted Turner's
Turner Broadcasting, a federal
antitrust consent
decree required Time Warner to carry a second all-news channel
in addition to its own
CNN. Time Warner selected
MSNBC as the secondary news network, instead of Fox News. Fox News
claimed that this violated an agreement to carry Fox News. Citing
its agreement to keep its U.S. headquarters and a large studio in
New York City, News Corporation pressured Mayor
Rudolph Giuliani's administration to
pressure Time Warner, one of the city's two cable providers, to
transmit Fox News on a city-owned channel. City officials
threatened to take action affecting Time Warner's cable franchises
in the city.
A lawsuit was filed by Time Warner against the City of New York
claiming undue interference with, and inappropriate use of, the
city's educational channels for commercial programming. News
Corporation countered with an antitrust lawsuit against Time Warner
for unfairly protecting CNN. This led to an acrimonious battle
between Murdoch and Turner, with Turner publicly comparing Murdoch
to
Adolf Hitler while Murdoch's
New York Post ran an
editorial questioning Turner's
sanity.
Giuliani's
motives were also questioned, as his wife was a producer at
Murdoch-owned WNYW-TV
. In
the end, Time Warner and News Corporation signed a
settlement agreement to permit Fox News to
be carried on New York City cable system beginning in October 1997,
and on all of Time Warner's cable systems by 2001, though Time
Warner still does not carry Fox News in all areas. In return, Time
Warner was given some rights to News Corporation's
satellites in Asia and Europe to distribute Time
Warner programming, would receive the normal compensation per
subscriber paid to cable operators, and News Corporation would not
object to the continuation of
Atlanta
Braves baseball games being carried on
TBS (which could have expired because of
the Fox television network's contract with
Major League Baseball).
Recent history
On May 1, 2008, Fox News launched
high definition channel
simulcasts of its programming in selected regions
of the United States. Time Warner Cable is carrying this channel in
New York, NY, San Antonio, TX, and Kansas City, MO, while
Cablevision is making it available in New York, NY and on Long
Island.
On Friday, October 17, 2008 at 6am ET, DirecTV launched the
high-definition channel. This launch was the first national launch
of the network in HD. On January 9, 2009,
Cox Communications added the HD channel
and on February 3, 2009 Dish Network did also.
Fox News switched from a 4:3
aspect
ratio to a 16:9
letterbox ratio for
its standard definition channel at 6 am ET on September 28,
2009.
Outlets
FNC maintains an archive of most of its programs. This archive also
handles the
Fox Movietone newsreels.
Licensing of the Fox News archive is handled by ITN Source, the
archiving division of
ITN.
Television
FNC presents a variety of programming with up to 15 hours of live
broadcasting per day, in addition to programming and content for
the
Fox Broadcasting
Company.
Most of the programs are broadcast from Fox
News headquarters in New York City in their street-side studio on Sixth
Avenue
in the west extension of Rockefeller
Center
. Audio simulcasts of the channel are aired
on
XM Satellite Radio and
Sirius Satellite Radio.
In an October 11, 2009 article in the
New York Times, Fox
articulated that its hard news programming runs from "9 a.m. to 4
p.m. and 6 to 8 p.m. on weekdays" and "are objective" but makes no
such claims for its other broadcasts, which are primarily of
editorial and opinion journalism in nature.
High Definition
Fox News Channel HD is
720p
high definition simulcast
of Fox News Channel that launched on May 1, 2008. Most of the
programs available in HD (
Fox & Friends,
America's
Newsroom,
Happening Now,
The Live Desk,
Studio B with Sheppard Smith, "Your World with Neil
Cavuto",
Glenn Beck,
Special Report with Bret
Baier,
Fox Report,
The O'Reilly Factor,
Hannity, and
On the Record with Greta Van
Susteren) are shown in
16:9 widescreen.
Fox News Channel began producing its standard definition programs
in
letterboxed format on September 28,
2009; therefore high definition and standard definition viewers now
both see the same picture and
stylized
pillarboxes are no longer needed.
Radio
With the growth of FNC, the network introduced a radio division
entitled
Fox News Radio in 2003.
Syndicated
throughout the United States, the division provides short
newscasts and
talk radio
programs, featuring personalities from both the television and
radio divisions. In addition, the network has also introduced
Fox News Talk in 2006, a
satellite radio station which features
programs syndicated by and featuring Fox News personalities.
Online
FNC produces a news website featuring the latest coverage,
including
video clips from the network's
television division,
audio clips from Fox
News Radio, in addition to columns from the network's assorted
television, radio, and online personalities. Introduced in December
1995, the network's website ranks below many other news websites,
ranking in the lower teens in the list of top news websites.
In September 2008, FNC joined other networks by introducing a live
streaming segment called
The Strategy Room, designed to
appeal to older viewers. It airs weekdays, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. and
takes the form of an informal discussion, with running commentary
on the news. Regular discussion programs include Business Hour,
News With a View and God Talk Hours.
Fox News Mobile is a part of the FNC website that is dedicated to
streaming news clips that are
formatted for video enabled
mobile
phones.
Personalities
Producing a variety of different programming, FNC has a number of
different program hosts,
news anchors,
correspondents, and
contributors who appear throughout daily
programming on the network. The network has a number of different
signature hosts, including
Bill O'Reilly,
Sean Hannity,
Greta Van Susteren,
Mike Huckabee,
Shepard Smith, &
Neil Cavuto all of whom host programs which are
on the list of the top ten most watched programs on cable news. In
January 2009, commentator
Glenn Beck was
added to the list of personalities at Fox News Channel.
Ratings and reception
FNC saw huge growth in its ratings during the early stages of the
Iraq conflict. By some
reports, at the height of the conflict they enjoyed as much as a
300 percent increase in viewership, averaging 3.3 million viewers
daily.
In 2004, FNC's ratings for its broadcast of the
Republican National
Convention beat those of all three broadcast networks. During
President
George W. Bush's address, Fox News notched 7.3 million
viewers nationally, while
NBC,
CBS, and
ABC scored ratings of 5.9,
5.0, and 5.1, respectively.
In late 2005 and early 2006, FNC saw a brief decline in ratings.
One of the most notable decline in ratings came in the second
quarter of 2006, when compared to the previous quarter, Fox News
had a loss in viewership for every single prime time program. One
of the most noteworthy losses of viewership was that of
Special Report with
Brit Hume. The show's total viewership was down 19 percent
compared to the previous quarter. However, several weeks later, in
the wake of the
North
Korean Missile Crisis and the
2006
Lebanon War, Fox saw a surge in viewership and remained the #1
rated cable news channel. Fox still held eight of the ten
most-watched nightly cable news shows, with
The O'Reilly Factor and
Hannity & Colmes
coming in first and second places, respectively.
For the year 2007, FNC was the number-one rated cable news network
in the United States when rating based on Ratings, not cumulative
audience . It was down one percent in total daily viewers and down
three percent in the 25-54 year old
demographic, but it still boasted most of the
top-rated shows on cable news led by
The O'Reilly Factor.
For primetime television Fox News ranked #6 of all cable networks.
By the end of the first quarter of 2009, Fox was beating CNN and
MSNBC combined in the ratings and is now the second highest rated
cable network. When the quarter ended on March 31, 2009, Fox News's
primetime ratings were up 23% compared with the same period a year
before.The quarter ending June 30, 2009, Fox News shows held all
ten positions for cable news with an overall increase of 33% in
viewership.
In July 2009, FNC continued its cable news lead in ratings, but
still trailed CNN in cumulative audience. It was not only beating
CNN and
MSNBC combined, but
showing the most growth in the younger demographic. Among viewers
aged 25 to 54, the network was up 48% in total day, and up 70% in
primetime, compared to July 2008. Among basic cable networks, Fox
News was ranked third for the month in prime time viewership behind
only
USA Network and
TNT, with CNN and MSNBC lagging behind at
15th and 26th, respectively, while continuing to battle each other
for third place in cable news.
In September 2009, the
Pew Research
Center published a report on public views toward various
national news organizations. This report indicated that 72% of
Republican Fox viewers rated the network as "favorable", and 43% of
Democrat viewers and 55% of all viewers share this opinion.
However, Fox had the highest unfavorable rating of all national
outlets studied at 25 percent of all viewers. The report goes on to
say that "partisan differences in views of Fox News have increased
substantially since 2007"..
Slogan
Fair & Balanced graphic used
in 2005
"
Fair & Balanced" is a
trademarked slogan used by
the broadcaster. The slogan was originally used in conjunction with
the phrase "
Real Journalism."
Comedian and
senator Al
Franken used the slogan in the subtitle for his 2003 book
Lies and the
Lying Liars Who Tell Them: A Fair and Balanced Look at the
Right. In the book, he cites examples of what he claims to
be Fox News'
bias. On August 22, 2003,
Fox sued based upon its trademark on the phrase. Fox News dropped
the lawsuit three days later after Judge
Denny Chin refused their request for an
injunction. Chin denied the injunction and said
that the case,
Fox v.
Franken, was "wholly without
merit, both factually and legally". He went on to suggest that Fox
News' trademark on the phrase "fair and balanced" could be
invalid.
In December 2003, FNC found itself on the other end of a legal
battle concerning the slogan, when
AlterNet
filed a cancellation petition with the
United States Patent
and Trademark Office to have FNC's trademark rescinded as
misdescriptive. AlterNet included the documentary film
Outfoxed as supporting evidence in its case.
After losing early motions, AlterNet withdrew its petition and the
USPTO dismissed the case.
In 2008, FNC used the "
We Report,
You Decide" slogan, referring to "You Decide 2008" which was
FNC's original slogan for reporting on matters involving the
election, and the candidates.
Controversies
Accusations of conservative bias
Many critics and politicians have accused FNC of having a bias
towards the
political right at
the expense of neutrality. Murdoch and Ailes have reacted against
allegations of bias, with Murdoch saying that Fox has "given room
to both sides, whereas only one side had it before." In 2004,
director
Robert Greenwald produced
the documentary film
Outfoxed: Rupert
Murdoch's War on Journalism, which argues that Fox News
has a conservative bias, including as evidence internal memos from
editorial Vice President
John
Moody which the film uses to demonstrate Fox's attempts to
alter news content.
A Pew Research poll, released on October 29, 2009, found that
Fox News is viewed as the most ideological
network in America. The poll, which featured Americans view of
various news networks by ideology, scored Fox News the highest of
any category with (47%) as "mostly conservative," (14%) as "mostly
liberal," and (24%) as "neither." In comparison,
MSNBC had (36%) identify it as "mostly liberal," (11%)
as "mostly conservative," and (27%) as "neither."
CNN had (37%) describe it as "mostly liberal," (11%) as
"mostly conservative," and (33%) as "neither."
Accusations of misrepresentation of facts
Media Matters for America
has cataloged what they claim are the most egregious examples of
distortion by both Fox News and its TV personalities. The
criticisms include several examples of cropping quotes from
President Obama, Vice President Biden, and Vice President Gore so
they appear out of context, using image manipulation software to
edit the appearance of reporters from
The New York Times, and using footage
from other events during a report on the November 5th "Tea Party"
rally in Washington DC. They claim the intention is to make it
appear as if a larger number of protesters attended the event.
Media Matters describes
itself as 'a Web-based, not-for-profit, 501(c)(3) progressive
research and information center dedicated to comprehensively
monitoring, analyzing, and correcting conservative misinformation
in the U.S. media'.
Talking points from Bush White House
While promoting his memoir,
What
Happened,
Scott McClellan,
former
White House Press
Secretary (2003–2006) for former President
George W. Bush
stated on the July 25, 2008 edition of
Hardball with Chris Matthews
that the Bush White House routinely gave talking points to Fox News
commentators — but not journalists — in order to
influence discourse and content. McClellan stated that these
talking points were not issued to provide the public with news;
instead, they were to provide Fox News commentators with issues and
perspectives favorable to the White House and Republican Party.
McClellan later apologized to Fox News commentator
Bill O'Reilly for not responding
to Matthews' suggestion that "Bill" or "
Sean" received the talking points; McClellan
said he had no personal knowledge that O'Reilly ever received the
talking points. Furthermore he pointed out "the way a couple of
questions were phrased in that interview along with my response
left things open to interpretation and I should not have let that
happen".
Obama Administration criticism of Fox News
In September 2009, the
Obama
Administration engaged in a verbal conflict with Fox News
Channel. On Sept. 20, 2009,
President
Obama appeared on all the major news programs except Fox News,
a snub partially in response to remarks about the President by
commentators Glenn Beck and Sean Hannity and general coverage by
Fox with regard to Obama's Health Care proposal. Fox News Sunday
host Chris Wallace called White House administration officials
"crybabies" in response. Following this, a senior Obama adviser
told U.S. News that the White House would never get a fair shake
from Fox News, while largely ignoring the fact that Obama had
refused to give interviews with Fox News reporters for several
years prior to running for president and has since refused to give
interviews with Fox until 2010.
In late September 2009, Obama senior advisor
David Axelrod and Roger Ailes met in secret to
try and smooth out tensions between the two camps without much
success. Two weeks later, White House officials referred to FNC as
“not a news network", communications director
Anita Dunn asserting that “Fox News often
operates as either the research arm or the communications arm of
the Republican Party.” President Obama followed with "If media is
operating basically as a talk radio format, then that's one thing,
and if it's operating as a news outlet, then that's another," and
White House chief of staff
Rahm Emanuel
stated that it was important "to not have the CNN's and the others
in the world basically be led in following Fox."
Within days it was reported that Fox had been excluded from an
interview with "pay czar"
Ken Feinberg,
with bureau chiefs from the White House Pool (ABC, CBS, NBC, and
CNN) coming to the defense of Fox. One of the major bureau chiefs
stated, "If any member had been excluded it would have been the
same thing, it has nothing to do with Fox or the White House or the
substance of the issues." Shortly after this story broke the White
House admitted to a low-level mistake, but that said that Fox had
not made a specific request to interview Feinberg. Fox White House
correspondent, Major Garrett responded by stating that he had not
made a specific request, but that he had a "standing request from
me as senior White House correspondent on Fox to interview any
newsmaker at the Treasury at any given time news is being
made."
On November 8th, 2009 the
Los Angeles
Times reported that an unnamed Democratic consultant was warned
by the White House not to appear on FOX News again. According to
the article, Anita Dunn claimed in an e-mail to have checked with
colleagues who "deal with TV issues" and had been told that nobody
had been instructed to avoid FOX,
Patrick Caddell, a FOX News contributor and
former pollster for President
Jimmy
Carter said he had spoken with other Democratic consultants who
had received similar warnings from the White House.
International transmission
The FNC feed is available internationally, while the Fox News Extra
segments provide alternate programming.
Fox News Extra
Initially, US advertisements were replaced on FNC with viewer
e-mail and profiles of FNC anchors set to music. In 2002 these were
replaced with international weather forecasts. In 2006, the weather
segments were replaced with 'Fox News Extra' segments, various
narrated reports from Fox reports on a variety of topics. These
reports are generally on lighter issues not related to current news
events, and the segments are repeated. FNC also shows international
weather forecasts when the Fox News Extra segments run short.
The Fox
News feed in the United
Kingdom and Ireland
does not
feature Fox News Extra, and instead features break fillers from
sister channel Sky News's International
Variant. For a short period in 2001, a still of the Fox News
logo replaced this other content.
Australia
In Australia, FNC is broadcast on the three major Pay-TV providers,
Foxtel,
Austar and
Optus Television. Foxtel is 25
percent owned by News Corporation.
Sky News Australia is Fox's sister
channel.
Brazil
Since 2002
FNC has been broadcast to Brazil
, but the
commercials are replaced with Fox News Extra. It is
broadcast by
Sky (satellite
operator, a joint-venture between
News
Corporation and
Globosat) and in the
digital packages of
NET.
Canada
In 2003, the
Canadian
Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC)
rejected a Canadian Cable Telecommunications Association (CCTA)
application to bring Fox News to Canada because Fox News U.S. and
Global Television were planning to
create Fox News Canada, a combination of U.S. and Canadian news.
However in 2004, after a Fox U.S. executive said there were no
plans to create the combined channel, the CRTC approved an
application to bring Fox News to Canada.
In response to outrage over panelists on late night comedy program
Red Eye w/ Greg
Gutfeld making disparaging remarks about the Canadian
military, including "
...inappropriate and disrespectful
comments on the channel regarding the Canadian Military's efforts
in Afghanistan,...", Canadian cable television provider Shaw
Communications gave its customers the option of replacing Fox News
Channel with another programming option.
France
Fox News is available on cable with the French Internet provider
Free
Ireland
FNC is
also carried in the Republic of Ireland
by the British Sky Broadcasting (BSkyB) satellite
television network (Sky Digital) which is 40% owned by FNC's parent
News Corporation. It is run
as a sister channel to BSkyB's popular
Sky
News. FNC is usually broadcast as a
VideoGuard encrypted channel but during major
news stories it may be simulcast on Sky Active, which is free to
air. As of September 2006 the channel has carried UK specific
advertising, along with headlines and weather provided by Sky News
during its breaks. These run under the brand of
Fox News International.
Due to the shared ownership of Fox and Sky, Fox News and Sky News
routinely share bureaus and reporters for breaking news stories
from around the world.
Italy
In
Italy
, FNC was launched on the now defunct Italian
digital satellite television platform Stream TV in 2001.
Part of its programming was translated in
Italian and broadcasted on the defunct
Italian news channel Stream News. In 2003 was moved on
SKY Italia with U.S. commercials replaced by Fox
News Extra segments and now is available on 4,600,000 subscribers
and 160,000 hotel rooms in Italy.
SKY TG 24 is one of the sister channels of
Fox News.
New Zealand
In
New
Zealand
, FNC is broadcast on Channel 092 of pay satellite
operator SKY TV's digital
platform. It is also broadcast overnight on New Zealand TV
channel
Prime, owned
by SKY. Fox News parent corporation
News
Corp has a stake in both SKY and Prime.
Scandinavia
Between
2003 and 2006, in Sweden
and the
other Scandinavian countries, FNC was
broadcast 16 hours a day on TV8, with
Fox News Extra segments replacing U.S. advertising.
Fox News
was dropped by TV8 and replaced by German
news channel
Deutsche Welle in September
2006.
Singapore
In
Singapore
, FNC is broadcasted on Channel 75 of pay-tv cable
operator StarHub TV digital
platform. It also broadcasts its sister channel,
Sky News.
United Kingdom
FNC is also carried in the United Kingdom by the British Sky
Broadcasting (BSkyB) satellite television network (Sky Digital)
which is 40% owned by FNC's parent
News
Corporation. It is run as a sister channel to BSkyB's popular
Sky News. FNC is usually broadcast as a
VideoGuard encrypted channel but during
major news stories it may be simulcast on Sky Active, which is free
to air. As of September 2006 the channel has carried UK specific
advertising, along with headlines and weather provided by Sky News
during its breaks. These run under the brand of
Fox News International.
Due to the shared ownership of Fox and Sky, Fox News (and Fox
Business) and Sky News routinely share bureaus and reporters for
breaking news stories from around the world.
Other countries
Countries where Fox News is
provided
Fox News Channel is also carried in more than 40 countries.
Although
service to Japan
stopped in
the summer of 2003, it can still be seen on Americable (distributor
for American bases), Mediatti (Kadena Air Base), and Pan Global TV
Japan.
Programming
| ET |
Program |
Host(s) |
Location |
Description |
|
6a-9a
|
Fox and
Friends
|
Steve Doocy, Gretchen Carlson and Brian Kilmeade |
Studio E, NY |
The network's morning editorial
program |
|
9a-11a
|
America's
Newsroom
|
Bill Hemmer and Megyn Kelly |
Studio J, NY |
A daily look at what's making news and Politics. (HD) |
|
11a-1p
|
Happening
Now
|
Jon Scott and Jane Skinner |
Studio E, NY |
A daily look at Breaking News in the world. (HD) |
|
1p-3p
|
The Live
Desk
|
Trace Gallagher and Martha MacCallum |
Studio J, NY |
A daily editorial look at Breaking News in the world. (HD) |
|
3p-4p
|
Studio B
|
Shepard Smith |
Studio H, NY |
A daily editorial look at Breaking News in the world. (HD) |
|
4p-5p
|
Your World with
Neil Cavuto
|
Neil Cavuto |
Studio E, NY |
Business Program. (HD) |
|
5p-6p
|
Glenn
Beck
|
Glenn Beck |
Studio H, NY |
Political opinion program. (HD) |
|
6p-7p
|
Special
Report with Bret Baier
|
Bret Baier |
Washington |
Political opinions from D.C. (HD) |
|
7p-8p
|
Fox Report
|
Shepard Smith |
Studio H, NY |
Editorial Program. (HD) |
|
8p-9p
|
O'Reilly
Factor
|
Bill
O'Reilly |
|
Political opinion program. (HD) |
|
9p-10p
|
Hannity
|
Sean Hannity |
Studio J, NY |
A nightly editorial program. (HD) |
|
10p-11p
|
On the
Record
|
Greta Van Susteren |
Washington/NY |
Nightly editorial program. (HD) |
|
3a-4a
|
Red Eye w/ Greg
Gutfeld
|
Greg Gutfeld |
Studio E, NY |
Nightly talk variety program. (HD) |
See also
References
- American Public Media: News Archive for October 7, 1996
- Slate Magazine
- Lenzner, Robert. (May 5, 1985) Boston Globe Murdoch, partner plan 4th network.
Section: National/Foreign; Page 1 (the six stations cover many of
the nation's major markets — New York, Chicago, Los Angeles,
Dallas, Houston and Washington)
- New York
Times (July 11, 1985) $55.9 Million Fox Film Loss. Section: D;
Page D19.
- Chicago
Tribune (July 17, 1986) Turnaround for fox films Section:
Business; Page 1.
- Shah, Saeed. (September 24, 2002) The Independent
Business Analysis: Unstoppable Sky machine rolls on as ITV
troubles worsen Dawn Airey's free-to-air television experience will
be invaluable to BSkyB as it moves beyond its pay-TV
model. Section: Business; Page 21.
- Schulberg, Pete. (July 15, 1994) The Oregonian Fox is a business, if
not artistic, success. Section: Television; Page E1.
- Braxton, Greg. (April 6, 1997) Chicago Sun-Times How
Fox broke from the pack to become cutting-edge
network.
- Williams, Scott. (January 31, 1996) Associated Press
Murdoch taps Ailes for new network; Former CNBC
chief set to direct 24-hour news channel, take on
CNN.
- Cox Communications
- Stelter, Brian. "Fox’s Volley With Obama
Intensifying." NYT. Oct.11, 2009. Retrieved via nytimes.com on
Nov.16, 2009.
- Broadcasting & Cable September 28, 2009 FNC
Pushes Widescreen - Will deliver letterboxed standard-def
feed
- "For Talking Heads, a Spot to Relax and Sip Coffee,
on Webcam " The New York Times. February 15, 2009.
- FNC's 25-54 Prime "Downward Spiral", TV
Newser
- Cable TV: Content Analysis, The State of the
News Media 2005
- April 2005 Competitive Program Ranker (M-F 6a-11p
programs), TV Newser
- Fox News Channel Leads in 2007 Cable News Ratings
- de Moraes, Lisa (August 12, 2003). Three Little Words: Fox News Sues.
Washington Post
- Coyle, Jake (July 19, 2004 ). Advocacy Groups Challenge Fox
News Slogan. Associated Press
- Official Documentation of Petitioned Cancellation
of "Fair & Balanced" trademark phrase, Trademark Trial and
Appeal Board Inquiry System
- Timothy Noah, Fox News admits bias!, Slate, May 31,
2005. Retrieved September 26, 2006.
- Dean On President Clinton Standing Up To Right-Wing
Propaganda On Fox News Sunday, The Democratic Party, September
25, 2006
- News Corp denies Fox News bias Australian
Associated Press, October 26, 2004
- Interview transcript: Rupert Murdoch and Roger
Ailes, the Financial Times, October 6, 2006
- Fox News Viewed as Most Ideological Network
- Fox News Ranks As Most 'Ideological' News
Network
- Who Says TV News Is Biased? TV News Viewers
Do!
- http://mediamatters.org/research/200911110019
- http://mediamatters.org/p/about_us/ Media Matters for
America-About us
-
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/12/business/media/12fox.html
-
http://www.usnews.com/articles/news/obama/2009/10/23/fox-pushed-team-obama-over-the-brink.html
-
http://www.theroot.com/views/5-reasons-why-president-obama-should-go-fox?page=5"
-
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/23/us/politics/23fox.html?_r=1
-
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/10/23/eveningnews/main5415921.shtml?tag=stack
-
http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/commentary/la-oe-rutten24-2009oct24,0,3009088.column
- http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/23/us/politics/23fox.html
-
http://tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com/2009/10/wh-were-happy-to-exclude-fox-but-didnt-yesterday-with-feinberg-interview.php
-
http://www.mediaite.com/tv/finally-resolved-major-garrett-reveals-his-side-of-pay-czar-gate/
-
http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-obama-fox8-2009nov08,0,507227.story?test=latestnews
- "CRTC approves Fox News for Canada", CBC,
November 18, 2004.
Further reading
External links
Top topics
Wikis
Quiz
Facts
Map
Search
