Göttingen ( ; Low German: Chöttingen ) is a
college town in Lower Saxony
, Germany
.
It is the
capital of the district of
Göttingen
. The Leine
river runs
through the town. In 2006 the population was 129,686.
General information
The origins of Göttingen lay in a village called
Gutingi.
This village was first mentioned in a document in 953. The city was
founded between 1150 and 1200 to the northwest of this village and
adopted its name. In
medieval times the
city was a member of the
Hanseatic
League and hence a wealthy town.
Today
Göttingen is famous for its old university (Georgia
Augusta, or "Georg-August-Universität"
), which was founded in 1737 and became the most
visited university of Europe. In 1837 seven professors
protested against the absolute sovereignty of the
kings of
Hanover; they lost their offices, but
became known as the "
Göttingen
Seven". They include some well-known celebrities: the
Brothers Grimm,
Heinrich Ewald,
Wilhelm Weber and
Georg Gervinus. Also, German
chancellors
Otto von Bismarck and
Gerhard Schröder went to law
school at the Göttingen university.
Karl
Barth had his first professorship here. Some of the most famous
mathematicians in history,
Carl
Friedrich Gauss,
Bernhard
Riemann and
David Hilbert were
professors at Göttingen.
Like other university towns, Göttingen has developed its own
folklore. On the day of their doctorate, postgraduate students are
drawn in handcarts from the Great Hall to the
Gänseliesel-Fountain in front of the Old Town Hall. There
they have to climb the fountain and kiss the statue of the
Gänseliesel (
Goose girl). This practice is
actually forbidden by law, but the law is not at all enforced. She
is considered to be the most-kissed girl in the world. The
impressive lion statues which stand nearby at the steps of the town
hall are celebrated in Stephen Clackson’s
Märchen "Die
Traurigen Löwen von Göttingen"
[811366] set eight years after the foundation of the
University.
Nearly
untouched by Allied bombing in World War
II (the informal understanding during the war was that Germany wouldn't bomb Cambridge
and Oxford
and the
Allies wouldn't bomb Heidelberg
and Göttingen ), the inner city of Göttingen is now
an attractive place to live with many shops, cafes and bars.
For this reason, many university students live in the inner city
and give Göttingen a young face. In 2003, 45% of the inner city
population was only between 18 and 30 years of age.
Economically, Göttingen is noted for its production of optical and
fine mechanical machinery, including the
light microscopy division of
Carl Zeiss, Inc. — the region around Göttingen
advertises itself as "Measurement Valley". Unemployment in
Göttingen was at 12.6% (2003).
The city's
railway
station
to the west of the city centre is on Germany's main
north-south railway.
Göttingen has two professional basketball teams; both the men's and
women's teams play in the
Basketball-Bundesliga. For the
2007/2008 season both teams will play in the 1st division.
History
St. Albani Church today.
Memorial at
Grona fortress
site.
Early history
The origins of Göttingen can be traced back to a village named
Gutingi to the immediate south-east of the eventual city.
The name of the village probably derives from a small creek, called
the
Gote, that once flowed through it. Since the ending
-ing denoted "living by", the name can be understood as
"along the Gote".
Archaeological
evidence points towards a settlement as early as the
7th century.
It is first historically mentioned in a
document by the Holy Roman
Emperor Otto I in 953
AD, in which the emperor gives some of his belongings in the
village to the Moritz monastery in Magdeburg
. Archaeological findings point to extensive
commercial relations with other regions and a developed
craftsmanship in this early period.
Palatinate fortress of Grone
In its
early days, Gutingi was overshadowed by Grona
,
historically documented from the year 915 AD as a newly built
fortress, lying opposite Gutingi across the River
Leine. It was subsequently used as an
Ottonian palatinate
fortress, with 18 visits of kings and emperors documented between
941 and 1025 AD. The last Holy Roman Emperor to use fortress
Grona (said to have been fond of the location),
Heinrich II (1002-1024), also
had a church built in the neighbouring
Gutingi, dedicated
to
Saint Alban. The current church
building that occupies this site, the St. Albani Church, was built
in 1423.
The fortress then lost its function as palatinate in 1025, after
Heinrich II died there after having retreated to it in ill health.
It was subsequently used by the lords of Grone. The fortress was
destroyed by the then citizens of Göttingen between 1323 and 1329
AD, and subsequently leveled to the ground by Duke Otto I during
his feuds with the city of Göttingen in 1387 AD.
Founding of the city of Göttingen
With time, a trading settlement started to form at the river
crossing of the Leine to the west of the village, which took over
its name. It is this settlement that was eventually given city
rights. The original village remained recognizable as a separate
entity until about 1360 AD at which time it was included within the
town's fortification.
Watermill from early 13th
century.
Likely between 1150 and 1180 AD the present city was founded,
although the exact circumstances are not known. It is presumed that
Henry the Lion, Duke of
Saxony and
Bavaria, founded the city. The
configuration of the streets in the oldest part of the town are in
the shape of a
pentagon, and it has been
proposed that the inception of the town followed a planned design.
At this time the town was known by the name
Gudingin or
also
Gotingen. Its inhabitants obeyed
welfish ownership and ruling rights, and the first
Göttingen
burghers are mentioned,
indicating that Göttingen was already organised as a true city. It
was not, however, a
Free Imperial
City ( ), but subject to the Welf dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg.
Henry the Elder
(V) of Brunswick, eldest son of Henry the Lion and brother of Holy
Roman Emperor
Otto IV,
is given as the lord over Göttingen between 1201 and 1208 AD. The
original Welf residency in the town consisted of a farm building
and stables of the Welf dukes, which occupied the oldest part of
the city fortifications built prior to 1250 AD. In its early days,
Göttingen got involved in the conflicts of the Welfs with their
enemies. The initial conflicts in the first decades of the
13th century benefited the burghers of
Göttingen, which could use the political and military situation to
be courted by various parties, and hence forcing the Welf town
lords to certain compromises with the town. In a document from 1232
AD, Duke
Otto
the Child gave the citizens of Göttingen the same rights they
held at the time of his uncles Otto IV and Henry the Elder of
Brunswick. These included privileges concerning self-governance of
the town, protection of traders, and the facilitation of trade. The
document also promises that the town is not to fall into the hands
of other powers. It is to be assumed that at this time Göttingen
possessed a city council of burghers. Names of council members are
first given in a document from 1247 AD.
Geismar Tor.
Expansion of Göttingen
The area secured by the initial fortification included the old
market place, the old town hall, the two main churches, St.
Johannes and St. Jacobi, the smaller church St. Nikolai, as well as
the large Weender, Groner and Rote streets. Outside of the
fortification in front of the
Geismar city gate lay the
old village with the Church of St. Albani, which was subsequently
known as
Geismarer altes Dorf (the
Geismar old
village). This village was only to a limited extent under welfish
control and thus could not be included in the town's privileges and
fortification.
The town was initially protected by a rampart, as of the late
13th century then also by walls on top
of the moundlike ramparts. Of these only one tower with a short
stretch of the wall survive in the
Turmstraße (tower
street). The thus protected area included maximally 600 by 600
meters (roughly 650 by 650 yards), or about 25
hectares.
This made it smaller than contemporary
Hanover
but larger
than the neighboring Welfish towns of Northeim
, Duderstadt
and Münden
.
The creek
Gote that flowed south of the walls of the town was
connected to the River
Leine via a channel at about this time and the waterway
has since been known as the Leine Canal.
Marienkirche.
After the death of Otto the Child in 1257 AD, his sons
Albert I of
Brunswick (the Great) and
Johann inherited
their father's territories. Duke Albrecht I first governed for his
brother, a minor. Subsequently the brothers agreed to divide the
territory between them in 1267, effective 1269. The city of
Göttingen went to Albert I, and was inherited by his son Duke
Albert
II "the Fat" in 1286. Albert II chose Göttingen as his
residence and moved into the Welf residency, which he rebuilt into
a fortress known as the
Balrhus, after which the
Burgstraße (fortress street) is named.
Albert II attempted to gain further control over the economically
and politically rapidly growing town by founding a
new
town ( ) west of the original town, across the Leine Canal and
outside of the Groner City Gate. This competing settlement
consisted of a single street, no more than eighty yards long, with
houses to either side of the street. The Duke, however, could not
prevent Göttingen's westward expansion nor the success of the
Göttingen City Council in effectively checking any hope of economic
development in the
Neustadt. The St. Marien Church was
built to the south of the
Neustadt which together with all
adjoining farm buildings was given to the
Teutonic Knights in 1318.
After the failure of the
new town, the city council bought
up the uncomfortable competition to the west in 1319 for three
hundred
Marks, and obtained the promise
from the Duke that he would not erect any fortress within a mile of
the town.
Two
monasteries were also founded at the
edge of the town at the end of the 13th century. In the east, in
the area of today's
Wilhelmsplatz, a
Franciscan monastery was built as early as 1268,
according to the city chronicler Franciscus Lubecus. Since the
Franciscans walked barefoot as part of their vow of poverty, they
were known colloquially as
the barefoot, and gave the name
Barfüßerstraße (Barefoot Street) to the road that led to
the monastery. In 1294 Albert the Fat permitted the founding of a
Dominican monastery along the Leine
Canal opposite the
Neustadt, for which the Pauliner
church, completed in 1331, was constructed.
Jews settled in
Göttingen in the late 13th century. On March 1, 1289, the Duke gave
the Göttingen City Council permission to allow the first Jew,
Moses, to settle inside the town limits. The subsequent Jewish
population lived predominantly close to the St. Jacobi Church on
the
Jüdenstraße.
Growth and independence
After Albert the Fat's death in 1318, Göttingen passed to Otto the
Mild (d. 1344), who governed over both the "principality of
Göttingen" ( ) and the territory of Brunswick. These dukes joined
Göttingen and surrounding towns in battles against aristocratic
knights in the surroundings of Göttingen, in the course of which
the citizens of Göttingen succeeded in destroying the fortress of
Grone between 1323 to 1329 AD, as well as the fortress of Rosdorf.
Since Otto the Mild died without leaving children, his brothers
Magnus and Ernest divided the land between themselves. Ernest I
received Göttingen, the poorest of all the Welf principalities,
which was to remain separate from Brunswick for a long time to
come. At this time, the territory consisted of the regions formerly
owned by Northeim, the towns Göttingen, Uslar, Dransfeld, Münden,
Gieselwerder and half of Moringen. Not much is known about the rule
of Duke Ernest I, but it is generally assumed that he continued to
fight against aristocratic knights.
Ernest I was succeeded after his death in 1367 by his son Otto I of
Göttingen (the Evil; German:
der Quade) (d 1394), who
initially lived in the city's fortress and attempted to make it a
permanent Welf residency. The epithet
the Evil came from
Otto I's incessant feuds. Breaking with the policies of his
predecessors, he frequently aligned himself with the aristocratic
knights of the neighborhood in battles against the cities, whose
growing power disturbed him. Under Otto the Evil Göttingen gained a
large degree of independence. After losing control of the
provincial court at the Leineberg in to Göttingen in 1375, Otto
finally tried to impose his influence on Göttingen in 1387 AD, but
with little success. In April 1387 Göttingen's citizens stormed and
destroyed the fortress within the city walls. In retaliation, Otto
destroyed villages and farms in the town's surroundings. However,
Göttingen's citizens gained a victory over the Duke's army in a
battle between the villages of Rosdorf and Grone, under their
leader Moritz of Uslar, forcing Otto to acknowledge the
independence of the town and its surrounding properties. 1387 thus
marks an important turning point in the history of the town.
Göttingen's relative autonomy was further strengthened under Otto's
successor Otto II "the One-eyed" of Göttingen ( ), not least
because the Welf line of Brunswick-Göttingen died out with Otto II,
and the resulting questions surrounding his succession after his
abdication in 1435 destabilized the regional aristocracy.
After Duke Otto I of Göttingen relinquished his jurisdiction over
Jews to the town of Göttingen in the years 1369/70, the conditions
for Jews in Göttingen greatly deteriorated, and several bloody
persecutions and evictions from the town followed. Between 1460 to
1599 no Jews lived in Göttingen at all.
The trend towards ever diminishing Welf influence over the town
continued until the end of the
15th
century, although the town officially remains a Welf property.
Nevertheless it is counted in some contemporaneous documents among
the
Imperial Free Cities.
St. Johannis Church.
St. Jacobi Church.
The
14th and
15th centuries thus represent a time of
political and economic power expansion, which is also reflected in
the contemporary architecture. The expansion of the St. Johannis
Church to a
Gothic hall church began in the first half of the 14th
century. As of 1330 a Gothic structure also replaced the smaller St
Nikolai Church. After completion of the work on the St Johannis
Church, the rebuilding of the St Jacobi Church was begun in the
second half of the 14th century. The original, smaller church that
preceded this building was likely initiated by Henry the Lion or
his successor, and functioned as a fortress chapel to the city
fortress that lay immediately behind it. The representative old
town hall was built between 1366 and 1444.
Around 1360 the town's fortifications were rebuilt to encompass now
also the
new town and the
old village. In the
course of this construction work, the four city gates were moved
farther out, and the town's area grew to roughly 75 hectares. The
city council forged alliances with surrounding towns, and Göttingen
joined the
Hanseatic League in 1351
(see below). Göttingen also gained
Grona (currently Grone)
and several other surrounding villages in the Leine valley.
Reason for the progressive power increase in the late
Middle Ages was the growing economic importance
of the town. This depended largely on its good connection to the
north-south trading route, particularly the north-south trading
route that followed the Leine valley, which greatly aided
particularly the local
textile industry.
Next to the
guild of
linen weavers, the guild of wool weavers gained in
importance. The wool for the weaving originated in the immediate
surroundings of the town, where up to 3,000 sheep and 1,500 lambs
were herded.
Woolen cloth was successfully exported all
the way into the Netherlands
and to Lübeck
. As
of 1475 the textile production was augmented by the addition of new
weavers who brought new weaving techniques to Göttingen and
solidified the position of the town as a textile exporter for three
generations.
Only at the end of the 16th century came the decline of the local
textile industry when Göttingen could not compete anymore with
cheap English
textiles.
Göttingen's traders also profited from the
important trading route between Lübeck und Frankfurt
am Main. Göttingen's market gained
above-regional importance. Four times a year traders from other
regions came to Göttingen in great numbers. Göttingen also joined
the
Hanseatic League, to the first
meeting of which it was invited in 1351. Göttingen's relationship
with the Hanseatic League remained distant, however. As an interior
town, Göttingen enjoyed the economic connections of the League, but
it did not want to get involved in the politics of the alliance.
Göttingen only became a paying member in 1426, and left the League
already in 1572.
Loss of independence to the present day
After several dynastic splits and shifts in power that followed the
death of Otto the One-eyed, Duke Eric I "the Elder" of
Calenberg annexed the principality of Göttingen,
which became an integral part of the Calenberg duchy. The town
refused to pay homage to Eric I in 1504, and as a result, Eric I
had the Emperor
Maximilian I, declare the
town of Göttingen outlawed. The subsequent tensions economically
weakened Göttingen, leading to the town finally paying its homage
to Eric I in 1512. Afterward the relationship between Eric and the
town improved, because of Eric's financial dependence on
Göttingen.
.png/220px-Goettingen_-_Ansicht_der_Stadt_von_Westen_(1585).png)
Woodcut showing the town in the year
1585 as viewed from the west.
In 1584 the city came into possession of the dukes of
Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, also of the Welf dynasty, and in 1635 it
passed to the house of Lüneburg, which ruled it thenceforth. In
1692 it was named as part of the indivisible territory
Electoral state of
Hanover.
University
The
University of
Göttingen was founded in 1737 by George II August, King of
Great Britain
and prince-elector of Hanover. During the Napoleonic period the city was briefly
in the hands of Prussia
in 1806, turned over in 1807 to the newly created
Napoleonic Kingdom
of Westphalia
, and returned to the state of Hanover in 1813 after Napoleon's
defeat. In 1814 the prince-electors of Hanover were elevated
to kings of Hanover.
Railway
In 1854 the city was connected to the new railway system. Today,
Göttingen station is served by the high speed trains (
ICE).
After the
defeat of Austria
and her ally Hanover at the hands of the Kingdom of
Prussia in the war of 1866
, Göttingen and the Kingdom of Hanover became part of Prussia
as the Province of
Hanover
.
"The Navel", centre of the pedestrian
zone.
Third Reich
During the
Third Reich, the university
suffered greatly as many of its greatest minds emigrated early
after the rise to power of
Adolf
Hitler, or were forced to leave later. This was due to the
anti-Semitic policies of the time, as
many of the excellent professors and scholars were Jewish. Not to
forget that the insistence in a "
German
physics" prevented researchers from applying
Einstein's discoveries, which was of course
nearly impossible. After the war the once-famous university had to
be rebuilt almost from scratch, especially the
physics and
mathematics
departments, a process which continues until today. The Göttingen
synagogue was destroyed in the
Reichspogromnacht on November 9,
1938. Many of the Jews of Göttingen were killed in the
extermination camp. Also, there was a
concentration camp for adolescents in Moringen which was liberated
in 1945.
During the Allied bomb attacks, Göttingen received comparatively
little damage. From July 1944, Göttingen experienced some heavier
air attacks, but these were mainly around the main rail station.
The historic old town was largely untouched. Overall, only about
120 deaths were caused by the air attacks, a comparatively small
number.
The neighbouring cities of Kassel
, Hanover and Braunschweig
, however, felt the full force of the allied bombing
experience. Göttingen at this point was crowded with bombed
out refugees from other areas. Also, because the city had many
well-equipped hospitals, Göttingen during the war had up to four
thousand wounded German soldiers being cared for. Göttingen was
also fortunate in that before the American army arrived on April 8,
1945, all German combat units had left the area, and so the city
experienced no major fighting.
After the war the city and district of Göttingen joined the
administrative district (
Regierungsbezirk) of Hildesheim.
In a reform in 1973 the district of Göttingen was enlarged by
incorporating the dissolved districts of Duderstadt and Hannoversch
Münden.
Cultural relevance
Gottingen Nacht der Kultur - Gottingen
Cultural Night
Prior to the period of German
romanticism, a group of German poets that had
studied at this university between 1772 and 1776, formed the
Göttinger Hainbund or
"
Dichterbund" ('circle of poets'). Being disciples of
Klopstock, they revived the folksong and
wrote lyric
poetry of the
Sturm und Drang period. Their impact was
essential on romanticism in the German-speaking area and on
folklore in general.
Since the 1920s, the town has been associated with the revival of
interest in the music of
George
Frideric Handel. The International Handel Festival Göttingen is
held each summer with performances in the Stadthalle Göttingen and
a number of churches.
Incorporations
The following communities were incorporated in the city of
Göttingen:
- 1963: Herberhausen)
- 1964:
Geismar, Grone, Nikolausberg
, and Weende
- 1973:
Deppoldshausen, Elliehausen, Esebeck,
Groß
Ellershausen
, Hetjershausen,
Holtensen, Knutbühren
, and Roringen
Population
The city's population has increased since the Middle Ages. With the
arrival of the early modern period, the growth rate accelerated
extremely. In 1985, a peak of 132,100 inhabitants was reached. The
population of 2004 was 129,466 inhabitants. Of those, around 24,000
were students.
Religion
St. Michael Church
Since the Middle Ages, the area of Göttingen has been part of the
archbishopric of Mainz, and
most of the population was
Catholic. Starting in 1528 the
teachings of church reformer
Martin
Luther became more and more popular in the city. In 1529 the
first
Protestant sermon was
preached in the church
Paulinerkirche, a former
Dominican monastery church. For the
following centuries nearly all the people in the city were
Lutherans. As of today, the area of Göttingen is
part of the
Protestant Lutheran state
church of Hanover. Apart from the Lutheran, there are several
other Protestant churches in
Göttingen (
Freikirchen). In 1746 there were once again
Catholic services in Göttingen, at first only for the students of
the new university, but one year later for all the interested
citizens. But it took until 1787 that the first Catholic church,
Saint Michael's, was built since the Reformation. In 1929 a second
Catholic church, Saint Paul's, was erected. Today, the major
religions are Lutheran and Catholicism. Also, there has been a
Baptist congregation since 1894, a
Mennonite congregation since 1946, as well as a
congregation of
The Church of
Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
The existence of a Jewish community is documented since the
16th century. During the Third Reich,
the
synagogue was destroyed in the
Reichsprogromnacht on
November 9, 1938, as were many others throughout Germany. The
Jewish community was persecuted, and many of its members met their
deaths in the concentration camps.
In recent years, the Jewish community
flourishes once again, with the immigration of Jewish people from
the states of the former Soviet Union
. 2004 the first
Shabbat could be celebrated in the new Jewish
community centre.
Finally, there are many
Islamic congregations.
Islam
gained a foothold in Göttingen, as it did in other German cities,
with the immigration of the Turks
during the
Wirtschaftswunder in the
1960s and 1970s. They are the majority of Muslims in
Göttingen.
Other Muslims are of Arabic origin or come from Pakistan
, Iran
and
India
. There exists a representative
mosque in the city district of Grone.
There is a
secular trend in Germany,
especially in
Eastern Germany, but
also in the
west, where a growing
number of people are not
baptised or leave
the church. This trend was especially noticeable in the last decade
of the passed century. Nowadays the situation has stabilised for
larger churches, though.
Politics
A town council with 24 councillors dates from the 12th century. In
1319 this council took control of the new city district
(
Neustadt) just in front of the wall. The council election
took place on the Mondays following
Michaelmas (
September
29). Starting in 1611 all citizens could elect the 24
counsellors. Previously this right was restricted and depended on
income and profession. Afterwards, the council elected the
Bürgermeister (mayor). In 1669 the number of councillors
was reduced to 16, and later to 12. In 1690 the city administration
was reorganised again. Then the council consisted of the judge, two
mayors, the city lawyer (
Syndikus), the secretary and
eight councillors. All of these were appointed by the government.
During the Napoleonic era the mayor was called
Maire, and
there was also a city council. In 1831 there was another reform of
the constitution and the administration. The title of the mayor
changed to
Oberbürgermeister. In the following decades
there were more reforms to the city administration, which reflected
the constitutional and territorial reorganisations of Germany.
During the Third Reich the mayor was appointed by the
Nazi Party.
In 1946 the authorities of the British Occupation Zone, to which
Göttingen then belonged, introduced a communal constitution which
reflected the British model.
Coat of arms
The Coat of Arms of Göttingen shows in the top half three silver
towers with red roofs on a field of blue. The lateral towers
possess four windows each and are crowned by golden crosses. Around
the central tower there are four silver balls. The city towers
represent the status as city which is imbued with certain rights.
In the bottom field there is a golden lion on a red field. This
lion represents the lion of the Welf dynasty, which in its various
branches ruled the area of Göttingen for 850 years. This Coat of
Arms is documented for the first time in 1278. In some occasions
the city used a simpler coat of arms. This was a black mayuscule
"G" on a golden field. On top of the letter was a crown.
Twin towns
- Borough of Hackney, London
, UK
- Cheltenham
, UK (since 1951)
- Cramlington
, UK (since 1969)
- Pau
, France
, since
1962
- Toruń
, Poland
, since
1978
- Wittenberg
, Germany, since
1988
There has
been a solidarity agreement with La Paz Centro in Nicaragua
since 1989 which has, as of now, not yet led to a
formal twinning agreement.
Notable people born in Göttingen
Notable people who died in Göttingen
- Max Born, physicist, mathematician and
Nobel laureate (January 5, 1970)
- Johann Peter
Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet, mathematician (May 5, 1859)
- Carl Friedrich Gauss,
mathematician and scientist (February 23, 1855)
- Otto Hahn, chemist and Nobel laureate
(July 28, 1968)
- David Hilbert, mathematician
(February 14, 1943)
- Felix Klein, mathematician (June 22,
1925)
- Hermann Minkowski,
mathematician (January 12, 1909)
- Max Planck, physicist and Nobel
laureate (October 4, 1947)
- Ludwig Prandtl, scientist (August
15, 1953)
- Lou Andreas-Salomé,
psychoanalyst and author (February 5, 1937)
- Carl Ludwig Siegel,
mathematician (April 4, 1981)
- Wilhelm Eduard Weber,
physicist (June 23, 1891)
Sports
Göttingen has:
University Library SUB.
View from University Campus looking
South
Junges Theater, Wochenmarkt.
Deutsches Theater.
Universities and colleges
Göttingen is officially a 'University town' and is known
particularly for its University.
Cultural establishments
Theatre
Göttingen has two professional theatres, Deutsches Theater in
Göttingen and Junges Theater. In addition, there is ThOP (Theater
im OP Göttingen ), a stage that mostly presents student
productions.
Museums, collections, exhibitions
- The Göttingen City Museum (Städtisches Museum Göttingen) has
permanent and temporary exhibitions of historical and artistic
materials.
- The Ethnographic Collection of the University includes an
internationally significant South Seas exhibition (Cook/Forster
collection) and mostly 19th-century materials from the Arctic polar region (Baron von Asch collection) as
well as major displays on Africa as its highlights.
- The Old City Hall (Altes Rathaus) has temporary art shows of
local, regional, and international artists.
- The Paulinerkirche in the Historical University Library
Building has various temporary exhibitions, usually of a historic
nature.
The university has a number of significant museums and
collections.
Gardens
See also
External links
, http://www.uni-goettingen.de/
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