- This article is about the Australian city, Gold Coast.
For other uses, see Gold
Coast.
The
Gold Coast is a city in the
southeast corner of Queensland
, Australia. It is
the second most populous city in the state and the
sixth most populous
city in the country. It is also the most populous non-capital
city in the country. Gold Coast City is known for its sunny
subtropical climate,
surfing beaches, waterways and
canal systems, a skyline dominated by
high-rise apartment buildings, a rainforest
hinterland in the west of the city,
nightlife and its
tourist
attractions.
History
Captain James Cook became the
first European to note the region when he sailed along the coast on
16 May 1770 in the
HM Bark
Endeavour.
Captain
Matthew Flinders, an explorer
charting the continent north from the colony of New South Wales
, sailed past in 1802. Escaped convicts from
the Moreton
Bay
penal settlement hid in the region.
The region
remained largely uninhabited by Europeans until 1823 when explorer
John Oxley landed at Mermaid
Beach
, which was named after his boat, a cutter named Mermaid.
The hinterland's
red cedar supply
attracted people to the area in the mid 1800s. The western suburb
of
Nerang was surveyed and
established as a base for the industry.
Later in 1875,
Southport
was surveyed and established and quickly grew a
reputation as a secluded holiday destination for the upper class
Brisbane
residents.
In 1925,
tourism to the area grew rapidly when Jim
Cavill established the Surfers Paradise Hotel, which
transformed to Circle on
Cavill
neighbouring with Towers of
Chevron Renaissance
shopping mall and resort apartment complex.
The population grew steadily to support the tourism industry and by
the 1940s, real estate speculators and journalists were referring
to the area as the "Gold Coast." The true origin of the name is
still debatable.
The name was officially applied to the area
in 1958, when the local government area covering Southport and Coolangatta
was renamed "Gold Coast", although the urban area
and the local government area have never had the same
boundaries.
During the
1970s, real-estate developers gained a dominant role in local
politics, and high-rises began to dominate the area now known as
Surfers Paradise and later in 1981
the airport
was established.
Geography
The Gold Coast can be reached from
Brisbane by Pacific Motorway M1 (blue) and Pacific Highway (Highway
1) from Sydney and Newcastle.
Gold Coast
City is situated in the southeast corner of Queensland, to the south of Brisbane, the state
capital. It is separated from Logan
City
, a suburban area of Brisbane by the Albert
River
. There the Gold Coast City stretches from
Yatala
and Russell Island
to the border with New South Wales approximately 56 km (35 miles) south, and
extends west to the foothills of the Great
Dividing Range
in World
Heritage listed Lamington National Park
.
The
southernmost town of Gold Coast City is Coolangatta which includes Point
Danger and its lighthouse.
Coolangatta is a twin city with Tweed Heads
located directly across the border.
At , this
is the most easterly point on the Queensland mainland (Point
Lookout on the offshore island of North
Stradbroke
is slightly further east).
From Coolangatta, approximately forty kilometres of holiday resorts
and surfing beaches stretch north to the suburb of Main Beach, and
then further on Stradbroke Island.
The suburbs of Southport and Surfers
Paradise form the Gold Coast's commercial centre.
The major
river in the area is the Nerang River
. Much of the land between the coastal strip
and the hinterland was once wetlands
drained by this river, but the swamps have been converted into
man-made waterways (over 260 km, or over 9 times that of
Venice
, Italy
) and
artificial islands covered in upmarket homes. The heavily
developed coastal strip sits on a narrow barrier sandbar between
these waterways and the sea.
To the
west, the city is bordered by a part of the Great
Dividing Range commonly referred to as the Gold Coast hinterland.
A
206 km² section of the mountain range is protected by Lamington
National Park and has been listed as a World Heritage area in recognition of its
"outstanding geological features displayed around shield volcanic
craters and the high number of rare and threatened rainforest
species." The area is popular among
bushwalkers and day-trippers.
Climate
Urban structure
The Gold Coast includes
suburbs, localities,
towns and
rural
districts.
Waterways
Waterfront homes
Waterfront canal living is a feature of the Gold Coast, and most
canal frontage homes have pontoons.
The Gold
Coast Seaway, between The
Spit and South Stradbroke Island
, allows vessels direct access to the Pacific Ocean
from The
Broadwater and many of the city's canal estates.
Breakwaters on either side of the Seaway prevent
longshore drift and the bar from silting up.
A sand pumping operation on the Spit pipes sand under the Seaway to
continue this natural process.
Residential canals were first built on the Gold Coast in 1950s and
construction continues.
Most canals are extensions to the Nerang
River, but there are more to the south along Tallebudgera
Creek
and Currumbin Creek
and to the north along the Gold Coast Broadwater, South
Stradbroke Island, Coomera
River
and southern Moreton Bay. Early canals
included Florida Gardens, Isle of Capri which were under
construction at the time of the 1954 flood. Recently constructed
canals include Harbour Quays and Riverlinks completed in 2007.
There is over 890 km of constructed residential waterfront
land within the city that is home to over 80,000 residents.
Beaches
Surfers Paradise skyline
The city
consists of 57 kilometres of coastline with some of the most
popular surf breaks in
Australia and the world including, South
Stradbroke Island, The
Spit, Main Beach,
Surfers Paradise,
Broadbeach, Mermaid Beach,
Nobby Beach, Miami, Burleigh Beach, Burleigh Heads, Tallebudgera
Beach, Palm Beach, Currumbin Beach, Tugun, Bilinga, Kirra,
Coolangatta, Greenmount, Rainbow Bay,
Snapper Rocks and Froggies
Beach. Duranbah beach is one of the world's best
known surfing beaches and is often thought
of as being part of Gold Coast City, but is actually just across
the New South
Wales state border in Tweed Shire
. The official name for the beach is
Flagstaff Beach. Duranbah is a small town located about 12
kilometres southwest of the beach, but the name Duranbah Beach has
become its accepted (if not official) identity.
There are also beaches along many of the Gold Coast's 860 km
of navigable tidal waterways.
Popular inland beaches include Southport, Budds Beach, Marine Stadium, Currumbin Alley, Tallebudgera Estuary,
Jacobs Well, Jabiru Island, Paradise Point, Harley Park Labrador,
Santa Barbara, Boykambil and Evandale Lake.
Beach safety and management
The Gold Coast has Australia’s largest professional
surf lifesaving service to protect people on
the beaches and to promote surf safety throughout the
community.
The Queensland Department of Primary Industries carries out the
Queensland Shark Control Program (SCP) to protect swimmers from
sharks. No fatal shark attacks have occurred
on protected ocean beaches, tidal waterways or canals on the Gold
Coast since 1958 (however two fatal attacks have been recorded in
inland lake areas that are separate from the tidal waterways
network since 2000). Sharks are caught by using nets and baited
drumlines off the major swimming beaches. Even with the SCP, sharks
do range within sight of the
patrolled
beaches.
Lifeguards will clear
swimmers from the water if it is considered that there is a safety
risk.
Gold Coast beaches have experienced periods of severe
beach erosion. In 1967, a series of 11
cyclones removed most of the sand from Gold Coast beaches.
The
Government of Queensland
engaged engineers from Delft University
in the Netherlands
to advise what to do about the beach
erosion. The Delft Report was published in 1971 and outlined
a series of works for Gold Coast Beaches including
Gold Coast Seaway, works at
Narrowneck that resulted in the
Northern Gold Coast Beach Protection Strategy and works at the
Tweed River that became the
Tweed River Entrance Sand Bypassing Project. By
2005 most of the recommendations of the 1971 Delft Report had been
implemented. The
Gold Coast City
commenced implementation of the
Palm Beach, Protection Strategy but
ran into considerable opposition from the community participating
in a NO REEF protest campaign. The Gold Coast City Council then
committed to completing a review of beach management practices to
update the Delft Report.
The Gold Coast Shoreline
Management Plan will be delivered by organisations including
the EPA, Gold Coast City and the Griffith
Centre for Coastal Management
.
Gold Coast City is also investing
into the quality and capacity of the
Gold Coast Oceanway that provides
sustainable transport along
Gold Coast beaches.
Governance
The city is governed at the local level by the
Gold Coast City, the second largest local
government in the country. Its origins lie in two local governments
established at the 10 June 1949 elections: Town of the South Coast,
which merged the
Town of
Coolangatta,
Town of Southport
and part of the
Shire of Nerang; and
the
Shire of Albert, which took in a
large surrounding region. On 23 October 1959, South Coast was
renamed Gold Coast and on 16 May 1959 it was proclaimed as a City.
The modern Gold Coast City was created in 1995 when the existing
City and the Shire of Albert merged. The council has 14
councillors, each representing a division of the City. Former
Olympian
Ron Clarke was elected mayor of
the city in 2004 Former mayors include Gary Baildon, Lex Bell, Ray
Stevens, Ern Harley and Sir
Bruce Small,
who was responsible for the development of many of the canal
estates that are now home to thousands of Gold Coast
residents.
The Gold Coast is represented at the state level by ten members in
the
Queensland
Legislative Assembly. The seats they hold are:
Albert,
Broadwater,
Burleigh,
Coomera,
Currumbin,
Gaven,
Mudgeeraba,
Robina,
Southport and
Surfers
Paradise.
Federally, the Gold Coast is represented by three members in the
House of
Representatives, whose seats are
Fadden (northern),
Moncrieff (central) and
McPherson (southern). Some western
areas are part of the
Forde, which
is centred in the
Scenic Rim
Region. Historically, the Gold Coast has been very safe for the
conservative parties—only the areas around Labrador and Coolangatta
lean Labor, and the three Gold Coast federal divisions have
returned only
Liberal
Party representatives since 1986.
Southport Courthouse is the
city's major courthouse and has jurisdiction to hear petty criminal
offences and civil matters up to
AU$250,000.
Indictable offences, criminal sentencing and civil matters above
AU$250,000 are heard in the higher
Supreme Court of Queensland
which is located in Brisbane.
There are subsidiary Magistrates Courts,
also located at the northern and southern suburbs of Beenleigh and Coolangatta.
Economy
In fifty years, Gold Coast City has grown from a small beachside
holiday destination to Australia's sixth largest city. Situated
within South East Queensland’s growth corridor, the city is now
considered Australia’s fastest growing large city, with a 5 year
annual average population growth rate of 3.4%, compared to 1.2% for
Australia. Gross Regional Product has risen from A$9.7 billion in
2001, to A$15.6 billion in 2008, a rise of 61 percent. Tourism
remains fundamental to Gold Coast City’s economy, with almost 10
million visitors a year to the area.
In the past the economy was driven by the population derived
industries of construction, tourism and retail. Some
diversification has taken place, with the city now having an
industrial base formed of marine, education, information
communication and technology, food, tourism, creative, environment
and sports industries. These nine industries have been identified
as the key industries by the Gold Coast City Council to deliver the
city’s economic prosperity. Gold Coast City’s unemployment rate
(5.6 per cent) is below the national level (5.9 per cent).
Tourism
A view from the QDeck, night
Around 10 million tourists visit the Gold Coast every year;
comprising of 849,114 international visitors, 3,468,000 domestic
overnight visitors and 5,366,000 daytrip visitors.
Tourism is the region’s biggest industry, directly contributing
more than $4.4 billion into the city economy every year and
directly accounting for one in four jobs in the city.
There are approximately 65,000 bed spaces, 60 kilometres of beach,
600 kilometres of canal, 100,000 hectares of nature reserve, 500
restaurants, 40 golf courses and 6 major theme parks in the
city.
Gold Coast Airport provides connection across Australia with
airlines including Jetstar, Virgin Blue and Tiger Airways.
International services from Japan, New Zealand, Malaysia and Fiji
also land at Gold Coast Airport with airlines including Jetstar,
Air New Zealand, Pacific Blue, Airasia X and Air Pacific.
Brisbane Airport is less than one hour from the centre of the Gold
Coast.
Film production
Gold Coast City is the major film production centre in Queensland
and has accounted for 75% of all film production in Queensland
since the 1990s, with an expenditure of around $150 million per
year.
Gold Coast is the third largest film
production centre in Australia behind Sydney
and Melbourne
. Warner
Brothers have studios located just outside of the city, at
Oxenford which have been the filming locations for films such as
the
Scooby Doo films and
House of Wax
(2005). Many
Bollywood films also use GC
as a filming location, such as
Singh
Is Kinng.
Warner Roadshow Studios are adjacent to the Warner Bros Movie World
Theme Park at
Oxenford. The
Studios consists of eight sound stages, production offices, editing
rooms, wardrobe, construction workshops, water tanks and
commissary.
These sounds stages vary in size and have an overall floor area of
10,844 sq metres, making Warner Roadshow Studio one of the largest
studio lots in the Southern Hemisphere. Currently shooting there is
the latest film in the award-winning Narnia series,
The
Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, the
largest production ever to be made on the Gold Coast.The Queensland
Government actively supports the film and television production
industry in Queensland and provides both non-financial and
financial assistance through the Pacific Film and Television
Commission.
The Gold Coast is also the filming site for the TV series,
H2O: Just Add Water.
Australia crime series
The
Strip is set on the Gold Coast.
Big Brother
Australia
was filmed at the Dreamworld
studios.
Culture
Sport and recreation
The Gold Coast is represented in four national competitions by the
following teams:
Sporting
facilities include the Carrara Stadium
, Carrara Indoor Sport Centre, Nerang Velodrome and the Sports Super
Centre. Some of these facilities are being superseded by
newer and larger capacity facilities.
Two examples of these
are the Gold Coast Convention and Exhibition
Centre
to play host to a Gold Coast Basketball team and
Skilled
Park
to host NRL
games.
Former
World Wrestling
Entertainment Superstar
Nathan Jones comes from the Gold
Coast, as does Olympic gold medal winning swimmer
Grant Hackett.
Future teams in national competitions
Former teams in national competitions
Events
The
Gold Coast
Indy 300
(formerly known as Lexmark Indy 300) is a
car racing event held annually, usually in October. The
course runs through the streets of
Surfers Paradise and
Main Beach. The Indy 300 comprises
many other events such as the Indy Undie Ball and the Miss Indy
Competition. The
V8 Supercars event
also coincides with the Indy 300, using the same track route.
The
Magic Millions
carnival is the brainchild of entrepreneurs
Gerry Harvey (of Harvey Normans) and
John Singleton.
There are plans to relocate and build a state of the art new
racetrack at Palm Meadows which will incoporate the Magic Million
sale with facilities for up to 4000 horses.
Each
June, Coolangatta
hosts the Wintersun Festival,
a two-week 1950s and 1960s nostalgia festival with free
entertainment and attractions, including hot
rods, restored cars and revival bands playing music of the
era.
Every July, more than 16,000 congregate on the Gold Coast from
around the world to participate in the
Gold Coast Marathon. It is also the
largest annual community sporting event held on the Gold
Coast.
Late November to early December sees thousands of school leavers
across the country descend on the Gold Coast for Schoolies, a two
week period of celebration and parties throughout Surfers Paradise,
hosted by the
Gold Coast City .
The event
is often criticised nationally and locally for its portrayal of
drinking and acts of violence, however every effort by the Queensland
Police
and State Government to ensure all school leavers
have a good time are put into place, including locals volunteering
by walking the streets and keeping an eye out for those in need of
assistance.
Early each year the Gold Coast hosts one leg of the ASP World Tour
of surfing, where some of the worlds best surfers compete in the
Quiksilver Pro at Coolangatta.
The Gold Coast Arts Centre located in Evandale, features a fine art
gallery featuring local and international works from painting to
sculpture and new media. In addition, there is a theatre for live
productions including musicals as well two arts cinemas showing
foreign and independent films from Australia and abroad.
Media
The daily, local newspaper is
The Gold Coast Bulletin which
is published by
News Corporation.
The
Gold Coast
Sun and
Gold Coast
Mail are other local newspapers.
The Gold Coast is in the television broadcast licence areas of both
Brisbane (metro) and Northern New South Wales (regional). The
Brisbane networks are
Seven,
Nine and
Ten. The
regional affiliates are
Prime
Television,
NBN Television and
Southern Cross Ten.
Both sets of
commercial stations are available throughout the Gold Coast, as
well as the ABC
and SBS
television services. Subscription television services
Foxtel (via cable) and
Austar (via satellite) are also available.
Major
FM radio stations include 92.5 Gold FM (a
mix of 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and current hits), 90.9 SEA FM (Top 40,
pop), 102.9 Hot Tomato (a mix of 80s 90s and Top 40), 99.4 Rebel FM
(Rock), 100.6 Breeze FM (Classic Hits/Easy), 89.3 4CRB-FM
(Christian),
91.7 ABC Coast FM
(contemporary,
ABC local news and
information), 93.5 SBS (Brisbane),
94.1 Jazz Radio
(
jazz,
blues and
swing music), 97.7 JJJ
Triple J (alternative and chart music), 104 4MBS
Classic,
105.7 Radio Metro (dance, pop, R&B, and left
field), 106 ABC Classic FM, and
107.3 LifeFM (Christian). Several Brisbane AM
and FM radio stations can also be received.
National surfing magazine
Australia's Surfing Life is
published in the Gold Coast suburb of Burleigh Heads, by Morrison
Media.
Tourism and landmarks
Tourism is Gold Coast City's main industry, generating total
revenue of $2.5 billion per annum. Gold Coast is the most popular
Queensland tourism location. It is Australia's 5th most visited
destination in Australia by international tourists. It has over
13,000 available guest rooms contributing over $335 million to the
local economy each year. Accommodation options available range from
backpacker hostels to five star
resorts and hotels. The most common style of accommodation is three
and four star self-contained apartments.
Tourist
attractions include surf beaches, and theme parks including,
Dreamworld, Sea
World
, Wet'n'Wild Water World
, Warner Bros.
Movie World, WhiteWater World
, Currumbin
Wildlife Sanctuary, David
Fleay Wildlife Park, Australian Outback Spectacular and
Paradise Country.
Q1
Since the
opening of the worlds highest residential tower in 2005, the
Q1
building
has been a
destination for tourists and locals alike. It is the second
highest public vantage point in the southern hemisphere
after the Eureka Tower
in Melbourne. The observation deck at level 77 is the
highest of its kind in Queensland and offers views in all directions, from Brisbane to Byron
Bay
. It towers over the
Surfers Paradise skyline, with the
observation deck 230 metres high, and the spire extending nearly
another hundred metres up. In total, the Q1 is 322.5 metres
high.
Meter maids
Bikini-clad
meter maids were
introduced in Surfers Paradise in 1965 in an attempt to put a
positive spin on new parking regulations. To avoid tickets being
issued for expired parking, the Meter Maids dispense coins into the
meter and leave a calling card under the windscreen wiper of the
vehicle. The Maids are still a part of the Surfers Paradise culture
but the scheme is now run by private enterprise.
Education
The Gold Coast's education infrastructure includes:
Infrastructure
Health
The
Gold Coast
Hospital
at Southport is the city’s major teaching and referral hospital
and the third largest in Queensland, attending to over 58,000 cases
a year, and overseeing other services of the Gold Coast Health
Service District as its head office. There is a second
public hospital situated in Robina but this second campus is
smaller and mainly comprises rehabilitation, psychiatric and
palliative wards along with recently opened Emergency and Intensive
Care Departments.
Private
hospitals in the city include Allamanda Private Hospital located at
Southport, Pindara Hospital at Benowa
and John Flynn Gold Coast Private Hospital at
Tugun in the city's
south.
Gold Coast University hospital
Late 2008, Gold Coast University hospital project has been begun,
opening in 2012.
It is located in Southport adjacent to
Griffith
University Gold Coast campus.
Transport
Transport modes in the Gold Coast include cars, taxis, buses,
ferries, rail and monorail, for commuting to work, visiting
attractions, and travelling to other destinations, both
domestically and internationally.
The car is the most dominant mode of transport in the Gold Coast,
with over 70% of people using the car as their sole mode of
travelling to work. A number of major roads connect the Gold Coast
with Brisbane, New South Wales, and the surrounding areas. The
Pacific Motorway (M1) is the main
motorway in the area.
Beginning at the Logan Motorway (M6) in Brisbane, it travels
through the inland Gold Coast region and links with the Pacific Highway at the New South
Wales/Queensland border near Tweed
Heads
. Before the
Tugun
Bypass was completed in 2008, the motorway ended at Tugun. The
Gold Coast Highway services the
coastal suburbs of the Gold Coast, including Surfers Paradise,
Southport, and Burleigh Heads. Starting at the Pacific Motorway at
Tweed Heads, it runs parallel to the coast until it reaches
Labrador, where it turns inland to meet the Pacific Motorway again
at Helensvale. Other arterial roads include the Smith St Motorway,
Reedy Creek Road, Nerang-Broadbeach Road and Bermuda St.
The Gold Coast's main provider of public bus services is Surfside
Buslines. It is a part of the TransLink initiative by the
Queensland Government, designed to coordinate the public transport
providers in Brisbane and the surrounding areas. The majority of
the bus routes that Surfside operates run along the Gold Coast
Highway. Services are frequent during the day, with intervals being
as little as 5 minutes between Southport and Burleigh Heads.
Queensland Rail operates rail
services from Brisbane to the Gold Coast along the
Gold Coast railway line.
The line follows the same route as the
Beenleigh railway line,
continuing on after reaching
Beenleigh. It then
follows a route similar to that of the Pacific Motorway, passing
stations at
Coomera,
Helensvale and
Nerang, before
terminating at
Robina. An extension to
Varsity Lakes is under construction, and a further extension to
Coolangatta is proposed.
Gold Coast
Airport
is located at Coolangatta, approximately 22 kilometres south of Surfers
Paradise. Services are provided to interstate capitals
and major cities as well as to major New Zealand
cities, Kuala Lumpur
International Airport
, Malaysia
and Japan
.
The increasing population has resulted in an increase in traffic
congestion. This has led to the Queensland State Government and
Gold Coast City placing more effort
into investing into
sustainable
transport. Examples include public transport including a new
ferry service and the proposed
rapid transit system and
infrastructure for pedestrians and cyclists such as the
Gold Coast Oceanway.
Utilities
Electricity
Electricity for the Gold Coast is sourced from Powerlink Queensland
at bulk supply substations which is provided via the
National Electricity Market from
an interconnected multi-State power system. The Government-owned
electricity corporation
Energex distributes
and retails electricity, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
and value-added products and services to residential, industrial
and commercial customers in South-East Queensland.
Water supplyThe Hinze Dam
15 km southwest of Nerang is the population's
main water supply. The Little Nerang Dam
which feeds into Hinze Dam can supplement part of
the city area's water needs, and both are managed by the city
council directorate Gold Coast
Water. Reforms of the way in which the water industry is
structured have been announced by the State Government, with
transfer of ownership and management of water services from local
government to the state occurring in 2008–09.
Gold Coast City also sources water from
Wivenhoe
Dam
, west of Brisbane for northern suburbs when the
Hinze Dam, at one-tenth of Wivenhoe's capacity, becomes low.
Water shortage and water restrictions have been current local
issues, and a few new Gold Coast residential areas have recently
included dual reticulation in their planning and development to
supply water from a new water recycling plant being built
concurrently. This will make available highly treated recycled
water for use around the home in addition to potable water. The
Gold Coast has received world recognition for this scheme in its
Pimpama-Coomera suburbs. Gold Coast Water has also been recognised
for its world leading HACCP water quality management system by the
World Health Organisation
which published Gold Coast Water's system as a good model for
managing water quality and safety from catchment to tap. The
Gold Coast desalination
plant, which opened in February 2009, has the capacity to
supply up to 133 megalitres of desalinated water per day.
Projects
Water
- Raising Hinze Dam
- The Gold Coast has been also debating a controversial cruise
ship terminal.
Public transport
- Gold
Coast Rapid Transit System a light rail or bus rapid transport
system running mainly along Smith Street and Gold Coast highway
from Southport down to Coolangatta.
- The Metropolis Rapid Transit, located at Movie World will be
undergoing extensions.
Sister cities
According to the
Gold Coast City Council Website, Gold Coast is twinned
with:
- Beihai
, People's
Republic of China
- Nouméa
,
France
- Corfu
, Greece
- Netanya
, Israel
- Kanagawa Prefecture
, Japan
- Takasu
, Japan
- Ulaanbaatar
, Mongolia
- Horowhenua,
New
Zealand
- Taipei, Taiwan
- Tainan
,
Taiwan
- Dubai
, United Arab
Emirates
- Ft.
Lauderdale, USA
See also
References
- Gold Coast City Council - Boating
- UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Central Eastern Rainforest
Reserves
- Gold Coast Lifeguard Services
- Queensland Shark Control Program
- Gold Coast Shark Attacks
- Delft Report
- Gold Coast Seaway
- Northern Gold Coast Beach Protection
Strategy
- Tweed River Entrance Sand Bypassign Project
- Palm Beach Protection Strategy
- No Reef Campaign
- Gold Coast Shoreline Management Plan
- Australian Bureau of Statistics, June 2008 Cat No. 3218.0 –
Population estimates by Statistical Local Area 2001 – 2008
- National Institute of Employment and Industry Research (NIEIR)
November 2007
- Tourism Research Australia Domestic and International Visitor
Surveys
- ABS Regional Labour Force Survey February 2009
- GC Film Info
- Pacific Film
and Television Commission
- Key Gold Coast Industries Report
- Gold Coast Hospital Profile
- Surfside Bus Services
- Gold Coast Rapid Transit
- Gold Coast City Council - Pimpama Coomera Master
Plan Frequently Asked Questions
- WHO | Water safety plans: Managing drinking-water
quality from catchment to consumer
External links
at Robina and
Griffith
University
and single-sex private
schools The
Southport School
and St Hilda's
School.
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