Indo-Caribbean people or
Indo-Caribbeans are Caribbean people with roots in
the Republic of
India
or the Indian
subcontinent.
Migration history
From 1838
to 1917, over half a million Indians from the former British Raj or British
India, were taken to the Caribbean
as Indentured
workers to address the demand for labour following the abolition of slavery. The first two
shiploads arrived in British Guiana
(now Guyana
) on May 5,
1838, which made 2008 the 170th anniversary.
The
majority of the Indians living in the English-speaking Caribbean came from
eastern Uttar
Pradesh
and western Bihar
, while those
brought to Guadeloupe
and Martinique
were mostly from, but not only, from Andhra Pradesh
and Tamil
Nadu
.
A minority
emigrated from other parts of South Asia,
including present-day Pakistan
and Bangladesh
.
Indo-Caribbeans are the largest ethnic groups
in Guyana
and Suriname
and are a plurality in Trinidad and
Tobago
. They are the second largest group in Jamaica
, Grenada
, Saint Vincent
and the Grenadines
, Saint
Lucia
and other countries. There are populations
in Anguilla
, Antigua and Barbuda
, The
Bahamas
, Barbados
, Belize
, French Guiana
, Grenada
, Panama
, Dominican
Republic
, Haiti
, Martinique
, Netherlands Antilles
and Guadeloupe
. There are also small groups often called
"mulatts" who are of Indian
descent in
Haiti
.
Modern-day immigrants from India (mostly
Sindhi merchants) are to be found on
Saint-Martin / Sint Maarten
, St. Thomas
, Curacao
and other islands with duty-free commercial
capabilities, where they are active in business.
Other
Indo-Caribbean people descend from later migrants, including Indian
doctors, Gujarati businessmen and
migrants from Kenya
and Uganda.
However, the vast majority are descendants of the original
indentured workers.
Many
Indo-Caribbean people have migrated to the United States of America
, Canada
, The
Netherlands
, France
and the
United
Kingdom
, and to other parts of the Caribbean.
Culture
The indentured Indians and their descendants have actively
contributed to the evolution of their adopted lands in spite of
many difficulties.
Jamaica has always celebrated the arrival of Indians in Old Harbour
Bay in
St. Catherine Parish on
May 13.
In 2003, Martinique celebrated the 150th anniversary of Indian
arrival. Guadeloupe did the same in 2004. These celebrations were
not the fact of just the Indian minority, but the official
recognition by the French and local authorities of their
integration and their wide-scale contributions in various fields
from Agriculture to Education, Politics and to the diversification
of the culture of the
Creole peoples.
Thus, the noted participation of the whole multi-ethnic population
of the two islands were in these events.
Media
There are two Indo-Caribbean newspapers based in Toronto:
Notable Indo Caribbeans in Canada
- Anjulie - singer/songwriter.
Her
parents migrated from Guyana
.
- Fareed Amin - Deputy Minister ,
Ontario Ministry of International Trade and Investments.
Migrated
from Guyana
.
- Brownman - internationally acclaimed
jazz trumpet player. Born "Nick Ali" in San Fernando, Trinidad and
Tobago
and migrated to Canada with his parents. Now
considered Canada's preeminent jazz trumpet player.
- Dave Baksh - former lead guitarist of
the band Sum 41. A founding member of the
mainly reggae band Brown Brigade.
His
parents migrated from Guyana
.
- Bas Balkissoon
- born in Trinidad and
Tobago
, is a member of the Provincial Parliament of the
Province of Ontario.
- Dr. Frank M. Birbalsingh - Professor of English
(retired) York University, Toronto. Has published widely on
Indo Caribbeans. Migrated from
Guyana
.
- Neil Bissoondath - Writer.
Born in
Trinidad and
Tobago
.
- Dr. Anne
Dipchand - Head, Heart Transplant Program at the Hospital for
Sick Children
, Toronto. Dr. Dipchand is of Guyanese background.
- Dr. Budhendra Doobay -
Hindu Leader & Medical Doctor (originally from Guyana).
- Dr. Ramabai
Espinet - Writer and Professor of English at Seneca
College
. Migrated from Trinidad and Tobago
.
- Kamala-Jean
Gopie - Educator and Political Activist (Jamaican
born).
- Anette Groves
(Born in Jamaica
) - Councillor, Town of
Caledon (near Toronto).
- Ian
Hanomansing - born in Trinidad and Tobago
, is a television anchor with the Canadian Broadcasting
Corporation (CBC).
- Luther Hansraj - born in Guyana,
is a well-known actor and playwright.
- Marvin "Trini" Ishmael - Actor (born in
Trinidad)
- Jai Ojah-Maharaj - Broadcaster.
Migrated from Trinidad. Has been with CHIN
Radio in Toronto for many years.
- Shani Mootoo - Writer - born in
Ireland to Trinidadian parents.
- V. S.
Naipaul - Writer - born in Trinidad,
Nobel Prize in Literature
(2001).
- Dr. Victor J. Ramraj - Professor of English,
University of Calgary. Migrated from Guyana
.
- Nalini Sharma -
whose parents migrated from Trinidad and Tobago, handles weather
for CP24
in
Toronto.
- Natasha Ramsahai - whose
parents migrated from Trinidad and Tobago, is a meteorologist for
CBC television.
See also
External links