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Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jerseymarker, United Statesmarker. As of the United States 2000 Census, the population of Jersey City was 240,055, making it New Jersey's second-largest city, behind Newarkmarker. As of the Census Bureau's 2007 estimate, the population had grown to 242,389. It is the seat of Hudson County.

Jersey City lies on the west bank of the Hudson River and Upper New York Baymarker across from Lower Manhattan in New York Citymarker (where about 26% of its employed residents work), and is part of the New York metropolitan areamarker. A commercial and industrial center, it is a port of entry and a manufacturing center. With 11 miles (17.7 km) of waterfront and significant rail connections, Jersey City is an important transportation terminus and distribution center. It has railroad shops, oil refineries, warehouses, and plants that manufacture a diverse assortment of products, including chemicals, petroleum, electronics, textiles, and cosmetics. Jersey City has benefited from its proximity to Manhattanmarker, as companies in Manhattan moved some of their operations to Jersey City. Recent developments have included increased housing and shopping areas; some parts of the city, however, remain run-down after years of commercial inactivity.

Geography

Image of Jersey City taken by NASA.
(The red line demarcates the municipal boundaries of Jersey City.)
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 54.7 km2 (21.1 mi2). 38.6 km2 (14.9 mi2) of it is land and 16.1 km2 (6.2 mi2) of it is water. It has the smallest land area of the 100 largest cities in America. The total area is 29.37% water. Jersey City is bordered to the east by the Hudson River, to the north by Secaucusmarker, North Bergenmarker, Union Citymarker and Hobokenmarker, to the west by Kearnymarker and Newarkmarker, and to the south by Bayonnemarker.

Given its proximity to Manhattan, Jersey City and Hudson County are sometimes referred to as New York Citymarker's sixth borough.

History

Lenape and New Netherland

The land comprising what is now Jersey City was wilderness inhabited by the Lenape, a collection of tribes (later called Delaware Indian). In 1609, Henry Hudson, seeking an alternate route to East Asia, anchored his small vessel Halve Maen (English: Half Moon) at Sandy Hookmarker, Harsimus Cove and Weehawken Covemarker, and elsewhere along what was later named the North River. After spending nine days surveying the area and meeting its inhabitants, he sailed as far north as Albany. After he returned to The Netherlandsmarker, the Dutch organized the United New Netherlands Company. The Company was to manage this new territory and in June 1623, The New Netherlands became a Dutch province, with headquarters in New Amsterdam. Michael Reyniersz Pauw, Lord of Achttienhoven, a burgermeester of Amsterdammarker and a director of the West India Company, received a land grant as patroon on the condition that he would establish a settlement of not fewer than fifty persons within four years. He chose the west bank of the Hudson River and purchased the land from the Lenape. This grant is dated November 22, 1630 and is the earliest known conveyance for what are now Hobokenmarker and Jersey City. Pauw, however was an absentee landlord who neglected to populate the area and was obliged to sell his holdings back to the Company in 1633. That year, a house was built at Communipaw for Jan Evertsen Bout, superintendent of the colony, which had been named Pavonia (the Latinized form of Pauw's name, which means peacock). Shortly after, another house was built at Harsimus Cove (near the present-day corner of Fourth Street and Marín Boulevard) and became the home of Cornelius Van Vorst, who had succeeded Bout as superintendent, and whose family would become influential in the development of the city. Relations with the Lenape deteriorated, in part because of the colonialist's mismanagement and misunderstanding of the indigenous people, and led to series of raids and reprisals and the virtual destruction of the settlement on the west bank. During Kieft's War, approximately eighty Lenapes were killed by the Dutch in a massacre at Pavonia on the night of February 25, 1643.

Scattered communities of farmsteads characterized the Dutch settlements at Pavonia: Communipaw, Harsimus, Paulus Hook, Hoebuck, Awiehaken, and other lands "behind Kil van Kull". The first village (located inside a palisaded garrison) established on what is now Bergen Squaremarker in 1660, and is considered to be the oldest town in what would become the state of New Jersey.

Early America

Among the oldest surviving houses in Jersey City is the stone Van Wagenen Housemarker of 1742.During the American Revolutionary War the area was in the hands of the British who controlled New York. Paulus Hook was attacked by Major Light Horse Harry Lee on August 19, 1779. After the war Alexander Hamilton and other prominent New Yorkers and New Jerseyeans attempted to develop the area that would become historic downtown Jersey City and laid out the city squares and streets that still characterize the neighborhood, giving them names also seen in Lower Manhattan or after war heroes (Grove, Varick, Mercer, Wayne, Monmouth, and Montgomery among them). During the 19th century, Jersey City played an integral role in the Underground Railroad. Four routes through New Jersey converged in the city.

Incorporation and merger

The City of Jersey was incorporated by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on January 28, 1820, from portions of North Bergen Townshipmarker, while the area was still a part of Bergen Countymarker. The city was reincorporated on January 23, 1829, and again on February 22, 1838, at which time it became completely independent of North Bergen and was given its present name. On February 22, 1840, it became part of the newly-created Hudson County.

Soon after the Civil War, the idea of uniting all of the towns of Hudson County east of the Hackensack River into one municipality. A bill was approved by the State legislature on April 2, 1869, a special held October 5, 1869. An element of the bill provide that only contiguous towns could be consolidated. While a majority of the voters approved the merger, only Jersey City, Hudson City and Bergen City could be consolidated, which they did on March 17, 1870. Three years later the present outline of Jersey City was completed when Greenville agreed to merge into the Greater Jersey City.

Turn of the century

Jersey City at the end of the 19th century.
Jersey City was a dock and manufacturing town for much of the 19th and 20th centuries. Much like New York Citymarker, Jersey City has always been a landing pad for new immigrants to the United States. In its heyday before World War II, Germanmarker, Irish, and Italian immigrants found work at Colgate, Chloro, or Dixon Ticonderoga. However, the largest employers at the time were the railroads, whose national networks dead-ended on the Hudson River. The most significant railroad for Jersey City was the Pennsylvania Railroad Company whose eastern terminus was in the Downtown area until 1911, when the company built the first tunnel under the river to Penn Station, New Yorkmarker. Before that time, Pennsylvania rail passengers transferred in Jersey City to ferries headed to Manhattan or to trolleys that fanned out through Hudson County and beyond. The Black Tommarker explosion occurred on July 30, 1916 as an act of sabotage on American ammunition supplies by German agents to prevent the materials from being used by the Allies in World War I.

Frank Hague

From 1917 to 1947, Jersey City was governed by Mayor Frank Hague. Originally elected as a reform candidate, the Jersey City History Web Site says his name is "synonymous with the early twentieth century urban American blend of political favoritism and social welfare known as bossism." Hague ran the city with an iron fist while, at the same time, molding governors, United States senators, and judges to his whims. Boss Hague was known to be loud and vulgar, but dressed in a stylish manner earning him the nickname "King Hanky-Panky". In his later years in office, Hague would often dismiss his enemies as "reds" or "commies". Hague lived like a millionaire, despite having an annual salary that never exceeded $8,500. He was able to maintain a fourteen-room duplex apartment in Jersey City, a suite at the Plaza Hotelmarker in Manhattanmarker, and a palatial summer home in Deal, New Jerseymarker, and he traveled to Europe yearly in the royal suites of the best liners.

After Hague's retirement from politics, a series of mayors including John V. Kenny, Thomas J. Whelan, and Thomas F.X. Smith attempted to take control of Hague's organization, usually under the mantle of political reform. None was able to duplicate the level of power held by Hague.

Professional sports

The Jersey City Giants of the International League played in Roosevelt Stadiummarker from 1937 to 1950. On April 18, 1946 Jackie Robinson broke the baseball color line when he became the first African-American to play organized baseball outside of the Negro Leagues since 1916. Robinson appeared for the visiting Montreal Royals, going 4-for-5 with a home run.

Roosevelt Stadium was briefly home to the Brooklyn Dodgers of the National League for seven home games in both 1956 and 1957.

In 2009, Jersey City hosted The Barclays at Liberty National Golf Clubmarker. It is part of the PGA Tours' Fed Ex Cup Playoff Tournament.

Decline and renaissance

Many areas of Jersey City are under redevelopment.
Jersey City as seen from Liberty State Park.


The city developed a reputation for corruption, even after Hague left office. By the 1970s, it was caught up in a wave of urban decline that saw many of its wealthy residents fleeing to the suburbs, and led to an influx of working class scarred by rising crime, civil unrest, political corruption, and economic hardship. From 1950 to 1980, Jersey City lost 75,000 residents, and from 1975 to 1982, it lost 5,000 jobs, or 9% of its workforce. The city experienced a surge of violent crime during this period. New immigrants sought refuge in Jersey City because of low housing costs, despite decay, abandonment, or neglect in its neighborhoods.

Beginning in the 1980s, development of the waterfront in an area previously occupied by rail yards and factories helped to stir the beginnings of a renaissance for Jersey City. The rapid construction of numerous high-rise buildings increased the population and led to the development of the Exchange Place financial district, also known as 'Wall Street West', one of the largest banking centers in the United States. Large financial institutions such as UBS, Goldman Sachs, Chase Bank, Citibank and Merrill Lynch occupy prominent buildings on the Jersey City waterfront, some of which are among the tallest buildings New Jersey. Amid this building boom, a light-rail network brought articulated streetcars to downtown Jersey City.

Wide-scale gentrification of the downtown neighborhood coincided with the growth of Jersey City as an arts center, particularly the visual arts. Beginning in the late 1970s, many artists moved the short distance across the river from Manhattan in search of affordable studio space. One structure of note, the massive Civil War-era building located at 111 First Street, became a haven for hundreds of artists in the area and was considered by many as the heart of the Jersey City arts community. Nonetheless, the building was demolished in 2005 to make way for future development, including a high-rise building designed by world-famous architect Rem Koolhaas. The art scene has continued to grow with a proliferation of galleries and other organizations such as Rock Soup Studios, 58 Gallery, Arthouse Productions, Lex Leonard Gallery, and LITM, among others. The recent addition to the Jersey City Museum, a venue for contemporary art, has also raised the profiles of local artists.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 240,055 people, 88,632 households, and 55,660 families residing in the city. The United States Census Bureau has estimated the 2004 population at 239,079. The population density was 6195.2/km2 (16,045.6/mi2). There were 93,648 housing units at an average density of 2,423.4/km2 (6,278.3/mi2). The racial makeup of the city was 34.01% White, 28.32% African American, 0.45% Native American, 16.20% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 15.11% from other races, and 5.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 28.31% of the population. Largest ancestries include: Italian (6.6%), Irish (5.6%), Polish (3.0%), Arab (2.8%), and German (2.7%).

The city is genuinely diverse, with relatively large representations from many ethnicities. However, relations between ethnic groups have not always amicable, as evidenced by incidents such as the infamous Dotbusters gang attacks of 1987 against residents of South Asian descent, and, more recently, the March 2007 defacing of a local sports field with Nazi slogans and racial slurs.

Of all households, 31.1% have children under the age of 18 living there, 36.4% were married couples living together, 20.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.2% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.37.

The age distribution is spread out with 24.7% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 35.1% from 25 to 44, 19.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.6 males.

The median income of its households is $37,862, and the median income of its families is $41,639. Males had a median income of $35,119 versus $30,494 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,410. About 16.4% of families and 18.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.0% of those under age 18 and 17.5% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Local government

Jersey City is currently governed under the Faulkner Act form of municipal government by a mayor and a nine-member city council. The city council consists of six members elected from wards and three elected at large, all elected to four-year terms on a concurrent basis in non-partisan elections.

The current Mayor of Jersey City is Jerramiah Healy, who won the Jersey City mayoral special election, 2004. The current Business Administrator of Jersey City is Brian O'Reilly.

Members of the City Council are:
  • Peter Brennan, Council President pro tempore
  • Willie Flood, Councilwoman-at-Large
  • Mariano Vega, Jr., Councilman-at-Large
  • Michael Sottolano, Ward A - Greenville, Councilman
  • Philip Kenny, Ward B - Westside, Councilman
  • Nidia Lopez, Ward C - Journal Square, Councilman
  • William Gaughan, Ward D - Heights, Councilman
  • Steven Fulop, Ward E - Downtown, Councilman
  • Viola Richardson, Ward F - Bergen, Councilwoman
Peter Brennan is the temporary council president following Mariano Vega's resignation from that post on October 6, 2009. (Vega is under indictment for federal corruption charges.) The council may reorganize and elect a new president.

Jersey City Municipal Court gets a fairly heavy load of criminal cases along with some traffic violations. Mayor Healy is a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition, a bi-partisan group with a stated goal of "making the public safer by getting illegal guns off the streets." The Coalition is co-chaired by Bostonmarker Mayor Thomas Menino and New York Citymarker Mayor Michael Bloomberg.

Federal, state and county representation

Jersey City is in the Ninth, Tenth and Thirteenth Congressional Districts, and is part of New Jersey's 31st, 32nd and 33rd Legislative Districts.

Emergency services



Neighborhoods

Newport.
Exchange Place.
Paulus Hook.
Journal Square.
Jersey City consists of ten Districts; Greenville, West Side, Journal Square, The Heights, Historic Downtown, The Waterfront, the Hackensack Riverfront, McGinley Square, Liberty State Park and Bergen/Lafayette. Each of these Districts consists of smaller neighborhoods, for example the Paulus Hook neighborhood of The Waterfront District and the Western Slope neighborhood of The Heights District. Jersey City is a city of neighborhoods, each with a different aesthetic and architectural style, to some degree.

Downtown Jersey City includes the Waterfront District (including Newport, Paulus Hook, and Exchange Placemarker), and Historic Downtown (including Hamilton Park, Grove Street, Harsimus Cove and Van Vorst Park).Jersey City Heights (or, simply, "The Heights") includes the Western Slope and the Central Avenue Shopping area. Journal Square, site of the Jersey Journal and PATH Transportation Center, West Side features West Bergen/Lincoln Park and Hudson Mall, Bergen/Lafayette where Communipaw Avenue connects the West Side with Liberty State Park, Greenville featuring Port Liberte and residential neighborhoods.

Downtown Jersey City

Downtown Jersey City is the area from the Hudson River westward to the Newark Bay Extension of the New Jersey Turnpike (Interstate 78) and the New Jersey Palisadesmarker; it is also bounded by Hoboken to the north and Liberty State Park to the south.

Newport and Exchange Placemarker are redeveloped waterfront areas consisting mostly of residential towers, hotels and office buildings. Newport is a planned mixed-use community, built on the old Erie Lackawanna Railway yards, made up of residential rental towers, condominiums, office buildings, a marina, schools, restaurants, hotels, Newport Centre Mallmarker, a waterfront walkway, transportation facilities, and on-site parking for more than 15,000 vehicles. Newport had a hand in the renaissance of Jersey City although, before ground was broken, much of the downtown area had already begun a steady climb (much like Hoboken). Some critics have derided the Newport development for its isolation because it is cut off from the rest of the city by the Newport Centre Mall and other big box retail.

Exchange Place, the first part of Jersey City to redevelop, was built on the grounds of the old Jersey City Penn Station, ferry and shipping terminals. It is now a bustling business and financial district.

To the west lie three brownstone neighborhoods with protected historic districts — Hamilton Park, Van Vorst Park, and Harsimus Cove — separated from the waterfront by a legacy of older infrastructure, big-box development, and old warehouses still awaiting re-use.

Paulus Hook is another neighborhood with a historic designated zone. It borders Exchange Place and Liberty State Parkmarker on the waterfront, and blends older brownstone-lined streets with newer luxury developments. The Essex Streetmarker stop on the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail cuts through the southern portion of the neighborhood. The area has become increasingly active with development to the east and the construction of the light rail; many of its streets are lined with shops, and restaurants with outdoor seating.

St Aedan's Church
Hackensack River in winter, as seen from the Society Hill neighborhood


Journal Square

Once the commercial heart of Jersey City, Journal Square is in the process of rehabilitation, in part because of the efforts of the Journal Square Restoration Corporation (JSRC) and the Jersey City Economic Development Corporation (JCEDC). Here, Kennedy Boulevard and Bergen Avenue, main thoroughfares in the city, are at their widest, lined on both sides by brick houses and medium-density apartment complexes. The Stanley Theatermarker, currently a Jehovah's Witness meeting hall, and Loew's Jersey Theatermarker on Kennedy Boulevard are among the city's most noted landmarks, and are two of the best preserved movie palaces in the Tri-State areamarker. Directly across Kennedy Boulevard from the Loews is the Journal Square Transportation Centermarker (JSTC), which houses the Journal Squaremarker PATHmarker station and the city's largest bus terminal. Saint Peter's Collegemarker is located about 10 blocks south of Journal Square in the McGinley Square section of Jersey City. To the north of the square on Newark Avenue lies India Square, home to over 100 Indian businesses, and one of the largest Indian neighborhoods in New Jersey. To the south of the square near Five Corners lies the Hudson County Courthousemarker, St Joseph's Church, Dickinson High Schoolmarker, and the island area.

West Side

Jersey City's West Side is very diverse and includes the neighborhoods of the Marion Section, Lincoln Park/West Bergen, the Hackensack Waterfront, Society Hill, and New Jersey City Universitymarker. Many ethnic grocery shops (Filipino, Indian, West Indian) line West Side Avenue, which runs from Broadway to Danforth Avenuemarker. U.S. Route 1/9 Truck bisects Lincoln Park. West of New Jersey Route 440 is the Hackensack Riverfront including Hudson Mall, Jersey City Incinerator Authority, and Droyer's Point, former site of the old Roosevelt Stadiummarker where Jackie Robinson broke the Baseball color line before his Major League Baseball debut.

Greenville

Greenville lies between the Bayonne city line to the south and the Hudson Bergen Light Rail lines to the north. It is primarily residential with a principal commercial corridor at Danforth Avenuemarker. The Greenville Yards (a former Conrail rail yard now being used as a distribution center), Port Jerseymarker, Port Liberté (high-end gated residential community) and Caven Point on the Upper New York Baymarker are separated from the older neighborhoods by the New Jersey Turnpike Newark Bay Extension. Greenville has some of the most depressed areas in the city, but is slowly being revitalized, particularly along the light rail line. The crime rate is higher here than in any other part of Jersey City and many streets are lined with abandoned homes, but municipal aid over the past few years has helped in rebuilding many of them and in bringing life back to many of Greenville's neglected streets. With the gentrification of the downtown area, many of the city's working-class tenants have moved into this area.

The Heights

Jersey City Heights (aka "The Heights") is a neighborhood atop the New Jersey Palisadesmarker overlooking Hobokenmarker and the Hudson River to its east and the New Jersey Meadowlands to the west. It consists mostly of two- and three-family houses, and remains traditionally middle-class. The primary commercial strip is Central Avenue. Six blocks to the east, and parallel to it, are Palisade and Ogden Avenues, both of which offer views of the Manhattanmarker skyline from Riverside Park. The trolley station at Congress and Ninth Streetsmarker connects this area of the Heights to the Hoboken PATH train and New Jersey Transit trains. Many stately Victorian and Edwardian homes contribute to the attractiveness of the Heights, particularly along Summit Avenue and Sherman Place as well as areas to the east of Central Avenue. Pershing Field is a park near the center of this district, offering green space, a running track, several trap houses, basketball and tennis courts, a semi-Olympic size swimming pool and an ice skating rink. Adjacent to Pershing Field Park is an abandoned reservoir which constitutes one of the largest patches of green space in the city. The future of the reservoir has been hotly contested as business interests, city government, and environmentalist groups have each proposed a different use for the land though it has announced that the city has decided to move forward with plans to develop the reservoir into a nature preserve open to the public.

Bergen-Lafayette

Bergen-Lafayette, formerly Bergen City, New Jersey, lies between Greenville to the south and McGinley Square to the north. It also borders Liberty State Parkmarker and Downtown to the east and the West Side. Communipaw Avenue and Bergen Avenue are main thoroughfares. The former Jersey City Medical Centermarker complex, a cluster of Art Deco buildings on a rise in the center of the city, will be converted into residential complexes called The Beacon.

Transportation

Hudson-Bergen Light Rail.


Of all Jersey City commuters, 8.17% walk to work, and 40.26% take public transit. This is the second highest percentage of public transit riders of any city with a population of 100,000+ in the United States, behind only New York Citymarker and ahead of Washington, D.C.marker A significant portion of Jersey City households do not own an automobile.

Rail

  • Hudson-Bergen Light Rail: Twenty three stations in Bayonne, Hoboken, Jersey City, North Bergen, Union City, and Weehawken. Three branches: Hoboken-22nd Street, Hoboken-Tonnelle Avenue, and West Side Avenue-Tonnelle Avenue.






Water

  • The BillyBey Ferry Company operates ferries between Newport, Paulus Hook, Liberty Harbor, Port Liberté and the World Financial Centermarker and Pier 11 lower Manhattan and 39th Street in midtown Manhattan, where free transfer is available to a variety of "loop" buses.
  • Hornblower Cruises provides service between Liberty State Park and Ellis and Liberty Island
  • Liberty Water Taxi operates ferries between Dock M. of Liberty State Park and the World Financial Centermarker during the summer months.


Surface

The Journal Square Transportation Centermarker, Exchange Place, and Hoboken Terminalmarker (just over the city line's northeast corner) are major origination/destination points for buses. Service is available to numerous points within Jersey City, Hudson County, and some suburban areas as well as to Newark on the 1, 2, 6, 22, 43, 64, 67, 68, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 123, 125, 305, 319 and 981 lines. Also serving Jersey City are various private lines operated by the Bergen Avenue and Montgomery & Westside IBOA, and by Red & Tan in Hudson County.


Air



Road



Education

Colleges and universities

Jersey City is home to the New Jersey City Universitymarker (NJCU) and Saint Peter's Collegemarker, both of which are located in the city's West Side district. It is also home to Hudson County Community College, which is located in Journal Square. The University of Phoenix has a small location at Newport, and Rutgers Universitymarker offers MBA classes at Harborside Center.

Public schools

The Jersey City Public Schools serve students 3 years and older from Pre-K 3 through twelfth grade. The district is one of 31 Abbott Districts statewide.

Dr. Ronald E.marker McNair Academic High Schoolmarker was the top-ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 316 schools statewide, in New Jersey Monthly magazine's September 2006 cover story on the state's Top Public High Schools and was selected as 15th best high school in the United States in Newsweek magazine's national 2005 survey. In contrast, William L.marker Dickinson High Schoolmarker, located near Jersey City's downtown area, is the oldest high school in the city. It is also one of the largest schools in Hudson County, in terms of student population. Opened in 1906 as the Jersey City High School, it is one of the oldest sites in Jersey City. It is a four-story Beaux-Arts structure located on a hilltop facing the Hudson River. Other public high schools in Jersey City are James J.marker Ferris High Schoolmarker, Lincoln High Schoolmarker, and Henry Snyder High Schoolmarker. The Hudson County Schools of Technology (which also has campuses in North Bergenmarker and Secaucusmarker) has a campus in Jersey City.

Among Jersey City's elementary and middle schools is Academy I Middle Schoolmarker, which is part of the Academic Enrichment Program for Gifted Students. Another school is Alexander D. Sullivan P.S. #30, an ESL magnet school in the Greenville district, which services nearly 800 Pre-k through 5th grade students.

Jersey City also has a number of charter schools which are run under a special charter granted by the Commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Education. There are six charter schools that serve elementary and middle school students. Jersey City Community Charter School, Jersey City Golden Door Charter School, Learning Community Charter School, Liberty Academy Charter School and Soaring Heights Charter School all accept students in grades K-8 while Schomburg Charter School accepts grades K-5. The two charter schools for high school students are CREATE Charter High Schoolmarker and University Academy Charter High School.

Private schools

Private high schools in Jersey City include:

Catholic grade schools include the Resurrection School a Peaceable School, St. Aloysius School and Sacred Heart School. Catholic schools serve every area of the city and a number of other charter and private schools are also available. Genesis Educational Center is a private Christian school located in downtown Jersey City for ages newborn through 8th grade.

Museums and libraries

see also: Exhibitions in Hudson County

Liberty State Park is home to Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminalmarker, the Interpretive Center, and Liberty Science Centermarker, an interactive science and learning center.The center, which first opened in 1993 as New Jersey's first major state science museum, has science exhibits, the world's largest IMAX Dome theater, numerous educational resources, and the original Hoberman sphere. From the park ferries travel to both Ellis Islandmarker and the Immigration Museum and The Statue of Libertymarker.

The Jersey City Free Public Library has five branches, some of which have permanent colllections and host exhibitions. At the Main Branch, the New Jersey Room contains historical archives and photos. The Miller Branch is home to the Afro-American Historical and Cultural Society Museum. The Five Corners Branch specializes in works related to music and the fine arts, and is a gallery space.

The Jersey City Museummarker shows contemporary work and sponsors community-oriented projects.

Some stations of the Hudson Bergen Light Rail, notably the Martin Luther King Drive stationmarker, have educational public art exhibitions.

Commerce

Jersey City has several shopping districts, some of which are traditional main streets for their respective neighborhoods, such as Central, Danforthmarker, and West Side avenues. Journal Square is a major commercial district. Newport Mallmarker is a regional shopping area.Portions of the city are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone. In addition to other benefits to encourage employment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3½% sales tax rate (versus the 7% rate charged statewide).

Media

WFMUmarker 91.1FM (WXHD 90.1FM in the Hudson Valley), the longest running freeform radio station in the US, moved to Jersey City in 1998. Z-100 WHTZmarker 100.3 The top rated New York City radio station broadcasts from the 101 Hudson Streetmarker.

The daily newspaper The Jersey Journal, located at its namesake Journal Square, covers Hudson County, its morning daily, Hudson Dispatch now defunct. The Jersey City Reporter is part of the Hudson Reporter group of local weeklies. The River View Observer is another weekly published in the city and distributed thoroughout the county. Another county wide weekly, El Especialito, also serves the city.The New York Daily News maintains extensive publishing and distribution facilities at Liberty Industrial Park.

Sister cities

Landmarks

The Flamingo Diner, downtown.


Cityscape

Panorama of Jersey City and Lower Manhattan from a Liberty State Park park&ride.


See also



References

  1. Holusha, John. "Commercial Property / The Jersey Riverfront; On the Hudson's West Bank, Optimistic Developers", The New York Times, October 11, 1998. Accessed May 25, 2007. 'That simply is out of the question in midtown, he said, adding that some formerly fringe areas in Midtown South that had previously been available were filled up as well. Given that the buildings on the New Jersey waterfront are new and equipped with the latest technology and just a few stops on the PATH trains from Manhattan, they become an attractive alternative. It's the sixth borough, he said.
  2. Jersey City Past and Present: Pavonia, New Jersey City University. Accessed May 10, 2006.
  3. A Virtual Tour of New Netherland, New Netherland Institute. Accessed May 10, 2006.
  4. Jersey City's Oldest House, Jersey City History. Accessed September 11, 2007.
  5. "Jersey City's Underground Railroad history," Jersey City Magazine, Spring & Summer 2005.
  6. "The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968", John P. Snyder, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 146-147.
  7. A City Whose Time Has Come Again, The New York Times, April 30, 2000.
  8. Jersey City, New Jersey, city-data.com. Accessed January 24, 2008.
  9. Marriott, Michel. "In Jersey City, Indians Protest Violence", The New York Times, October 12, 1987. Accessed October 6, 2008. "But in recent weeks, Indians here say, the violence has taken on a new and uglier cast. One Jersey City Indian was beaten to death in Hoboken. Another remains in a coma after being discovered beaten unconscious on a busy street corner here earlier this month. And in a crudely handwritten letter, partially printed in The Jersey Journal, someone wrote, We will go to any extreme to get Indians to move out of Jersey City. The note was signed The Dotbusters."
  10. 2005 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, April 2005, p. 139.
  11. Municipal Council Information, City of Jersey City. Accessed August 3, 2006.
  12. 2008 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, New Jersey League of Women Voters, p. 59. Accessed September 30, 2009.
  13. Model of urban future: Jersey City?, USA Today, April 15, 2007.
  14. Jersey City Public Transportation Information
  15. Hudson County Bus/rail Connections, New Jersey Transit. Accessed July 3, 2007.
  16. Abbott Districts, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed March 31, 2008.
  17. Top Public High Schools in New Jersey, New Jersey Monthly, September 2006
  18. Top 1000 High Schools in The United States, Newsweek August 5, 2005.
  19. Alexander D. Sullivan School at Jersey City Board of Education
  20. Super 25: Lincoln (N.Y.) climbs three spots with state title - USATODAY.com
  21. Resurrection School a Peaceable School
  22. St. Aloysius School
  23. Sacred Heart School
  24. Genesis Educational Center
  25. LSP
  26. LSP Ferry Service
  27. JC Free Public Library
  28. MLK Station
  29. JC Shopping Districts
  30. Geographic & Urban Redevelopment Tax Credit Programs: Urban Enterprise Zone Employee Tax Credit, State of New Jersey. Accessed July 28, 2008.
  31. WFMU website
  32. NY Times
  33. El Especial
  34. City/data JC Ecomony
  35. States fight over New York landmark, BBC News, January 12, 1998.
  36. Greenhouse, Linda. "THE ELLIS ISLAND VERDICT: THE RULING; High Court Gives New Jersey Most of Ellis Island", The New York Times, May 27, 1998. Accessed July 28, 2008.


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