Events

• 350 – Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the usurper Magnentius, in Rome.
• 1422 – Battle of Arbedo between the duke of Milan and the Swiss cantons.
• 1520 – The Spaniards are expelled from Tenochtitlan.
• 1559 – King Henry II of France is seriously injured in a jousting match against Gabriel de Montgomery.
• 1651 – The Deluge: Khmelnytsky Uprising – the Battle of Beresteczko ends with a Polish victory.
• 1688 – The Immortal Seven issue the Invitation to William, continuing the struggle for English independence from Rome which would culminate in the Glorious Revolution.
• 1758 – Seven Years' War: The Battle of Domstadtl takes place.
• 1794 – Native American forces under Blue Jacket attack Fort Recovery.
• 1805 – The U.S. Congress organizes the Michigan Territory.
• 1859 – French acrobat Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope.
• 1860 – The 1860 Oxford evolution debate at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History takes place.
• 1864 – U.S. President Abraham Lincoln grants Yosemite Valley to California for "public use, resort and recreation".
• 1882 – Charles J. Guiteau is hanged in Washington, D.C. for the assassination of President James Garfield.
• 1886 – The first transcontinental train trip across Canada departs from Montreal. It arrives in Port Moody, British Columbia on July 4.
• 1905 – Albert Einstein publishes the article "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", in which he introduces special relativity.
• 1906 – The United States Congress passes the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act.
• 1908 – The Tunguska event occurs in remote Siberia.
• 1912 – The Regina Cyclone hits Regina, Saskatchewan, killing 28. It remains Canada's deadliest tornado event.
• 1921 – U.S. President Warren G. Harding appoints former President William Howard Taft Chief Justice of the United States.
• 1934 – The Night of the Long Knives, Adolf Hitler's violent purge of his political rivals in Germany, takes place.
• 1935 – The Senegalese Socialist Party holds its first congress.
• 1936 – Emperor Haile Selassie of Abbysinia appeals for aid to the League of Nations against Mussolinis invasion of his country
• 1941 – World War II: Operation Barbarossa – Germany captures Lviv, Ukraine.
• 1944 – World War II: The Battle of Cherbourg ends with the fall of the strategically valuable port to American forces.
• 1953 – The first Chevrolet Corvette rolls off the assembly line in Flint, Michigan.
• 1956 – A TWA Super Constellation and a United Airlines DC-7 (Flight 718) collide above the Grand Canyon in Arizona, United States, killing all 128 on board the two planes.
• 1959 – A United States Air Force F-100 Super Sabre from Kadena Air Base, Okinawa crashes into a nearby elementary school, killing 11 students plus six residents from the local neighborhood.
• 1960 – Congo gains independence from Belgium.
• 1963 – Ciaculli massacre: A car bomb, intended for Mafia boss Salvatore Greco, kills seven police and military officers near Palermo.
• 1968 – Credo of the People of God by Pope Paul VI.
• 1969 – Nigeria bans Red Cross aid to Biafra.
• 1971 – The crew of the Soviet Soyuz 11 spacecraft are killed when their air supply escapes through a faulty valve.
• 1971 – Ohio ratifies the 26th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, lowering the voting age to 18, thereby putting the amendment into effect.
• 1972 – The first leap second is added to the UTC time system.
• 1985 – Thirty-nine American hostages from a hijacked TWA jetliner are freed in Beirut after being held for 17 days.
• 1986 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules that states can outlaw homosexual acts between consenting adults.
• 1987 – The Royal Canadian Mint introduces the $1 coin, known as the Loonie.
• 1990 – East Germany and West Germany merge their economies.
• 1991 – 32 miners are killed when a coal mine fire in the Donbass region of the Ukraine releases toxic gas.
• 1992 – Former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher joins the House of Lords as Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven.
• 1997 – The United Kingdom transfers sovereignty over Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China.
• 2007 – A car crashes into Glasgow International Airport in Scotland, in an attempted terrorist attack.
• 2009 – Yemenia Flight 626 crashes off the coast of Moroni, Comoros killing 152 people and leaving 1 survivor

Births

• 1286 – John de Warenne, 8th Earl of Surrey, English politician (d. 1347)
• 1470 – Charles VIII of France (d. 1498)
• 1503 – John Frederick, Elector of Saxony (d. 1554)
• 1641 – Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg, Irish general (d. 1719)
• 1685 – John Gay, British writer (d. 1732)
• 1755 – Paul François Jean Nicolas Barras, French politician (d. 1829)
• 1789 – Horace Vernet, French painter and graphic artist (d. 1863)
• 1803 – Thomas Lovell Beddoes, English poet (d. 1849)
• 1807 – Friedrich Theodor von Vischer, German narrator, lyricist, and philosopher (d.1887)
• 1817 – Joseph Dalton Hooker, British botanist (d. 1911)
• 1823 – Dinshaw Maneckji Petit, Indian industrialist (d. 1901)
• 1843 – Ernest Mason Satow, British diplomat (d. 1929)
• 1884 – Georges Duhamel, French author (d. 1966)
• 1891 – Man Mountain Dean, American professional wrestler (d. 1953)
• 1891 – Ed "Strangler" Lewis, American professional wrestler (d. 1966)
• 1892 – Oswald Pohl, German Nazi leader (d. 1951)
• 1893 – Walter Ulbricht, German politician (d. 1973)
• 1899 – Madge Bellamy, American actress (d. 1990)
• 1899 – Harry Shields, American jazz clarinetist (d. 1971)
• 1906 – Ralph Allen, English footballer (d. 1981)
• 1906 – Anthony Mann, American film actor and director (d. 1967)
• 1907 – Roman Shukhevych, Ukrainian politician (d. 1950)
• 1908 – Winston Graham, British writer (d. 2003)
• 1911 – Czesław Miłosz, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2004)
• 1912 – Ludwig Bölkow, German aeronautical engineer (d. 2003)
• 1912 – Dan Reeves, owner of the Cleveland/Los Angeles Rams (d. 1971)
• 1913 – Harry Wismer, owner of the New York Jets (d. 1967)
• 1913 – Alfonso López Michelsen, 32nd President of Colombia (d. 2007)
• 1914 – Francisco da Costa Gomes, 16th President of Portugal (d. 2001)
• 1917 – Susan Hayward, American actress (d. 1975)
• 1917 – Lena Horne, American actress and singer
• 1919 – Ed Yost, American inventor (d. 2007)
• 1926 – Paul Berg, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1929 – James Goldman, American screenwriter (d. 1998)
• 1929 – Hans Krondahl, Swedish painter and textile designer
• 1931 – Bert Eriksson, Flemish neo-Nazi (d. 2005)
• 1931 – Andrew Hill, American jazz pianist (d. 2007)
• 1933 – Lea Massari, Italian actress
• 1933 – M. J. K. Smith, English cricketer
• 1933 – Orval Tessier, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1934 – Harry Blackstone Jr., American magician (d. 1997)
• 1935 – John Harlin, American mountaineer (d. 1966)
• 1936 – Assia Djebar, Algerian writer and filmmaker
• 1936 – Nancy Dussault, American actress
• 1936 – Tony Musante, American actor
• 1936 – Dave Van Ronk, American folk singer/songwriter (d. 2002)
• 1938 – Apostolos Nikolaidis, Greek singer (d. 1999)
• 1939 – José Emilio Pacheco, Mexican poet
• 1940 – Mark Spoelstra, American folk singer (d. 2007)
• 1941 – Peter Pollock, South African cricket player
• 1942 – Robert Ballard, oceanographer
• 1942 – Ron Harris, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1943 – Florence Ballard, American singer (The Supremes) (d. 1976)
• 1944 – Raymond Moody, American parapsychologist
• 1944 – Terry Funk, American professional wrestler
• 1944 – Glenn Shorrock, Australian singer-songwriter; co-founding member of Little River Band
• 1944 – Ron Swoboda, American baseball player
• 1950 – Leonard Whiting, British actor
• 1951 – Stanley Clarke, American musician
• 1952 – David Garrison, Broadway and television actor
• 1952 – Athanassios S. Fokas, Greek mathematician
• 1953 – Hal Lindes, British-American musician (Dire Straits)
• 1953 – Lin Feng-Jiao, Taiwanese actress
• 1954 – Pierre Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (d. 2004)
• 1954 – Serzh Sargsyan, President of Armenia
• 1955 – David Alan Grier, American actor and comedian
• 1957 – Sterling Marlin, American race car driver (NASCAR)
• 1958 – Esa-Pekka Salonen, Finnish conductor and composer
• 1959 – Vincent D'Onofrio, American actor
• 1959 – Brendan Perry, British musician (Dead Can Dance)
• 1960 – Murray Cook, Australian children's singer (The Wiggles)
• 1962 – Tony Fernández, Dominican baseball player
• 1962 – Julianne Regan, British singer and musician (All About Eve)
• 1963 – Yngwie Malmsteen, Swedish guitarist
• 1964 – Alexandra Christina Manley, Former Danish princess, now countess
• 1964 – Mark Waters, American film director
• 1965 – Mitch Richmond, American basketball player
• 1965 – Steve Duchesne, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1965 – Gary Pallister, English footballer
• 1966 – Mike Tyson, American former boxer
• 1966 – Marton Csokas, New Zealand actor
• 1967 – David Busst, English former footballer
• 1968 – Philip Anselmo, American musician
• 1969 – Sanath Jayasuriya, Sri Lankan cricketer
• 1970 – Brian Bloom, American actor
• 1970 – Antonio Chimenti, Italian footballer
• 1970 – Mark Grudzielanek, American baseball player
• 1971 – Anette Michel, Mexican actress
• 1971 – Monica Potter, American actress
• 1972 – Sandra Cam, Belgian swimmer
• 1972 – James Martin, English celebrity chef
• 1973 – Chan-ho Park, South Korean baseball player
• 1973 – Frank Rost, German footballer
• 1973 – Noam Zylberman, Israeli Canadian child actor
• 1975 – Ralf Schumacher, German race car driver (F1)
• 1975 – Rami Shaaban, Swedish footballer
• 1975 – James Bannatyne, New Zealander footballer
• 1977 – Justo Villar, Paraguayan footballer
• 1978 – Ben Cousins, Australian Football League player
• 1978 – Claudio Rivalta, Italian footballer
• 1979 – Matisyahu, American reggae singer
• 1979 – Rick Gonzalez, American actor
• 1980 – Rade Prica, Swedish footballer
• 1980 – Seyi Olofinjana, Nigerian footballer
• 1981 – Can Artam, Turkish racing driver
• 1981 – Matt Kirk, Canadian football player
• 1981 – Karolina Sadalska, Polish kayaker
• 1981 – Ben Utecht, American football Player
• 1982 – Dan Jacobs, American guitarist (Atreyu)
• 1982 – Andy Knowles, British musician (Franz Ferdinand)
• 1982 – Mitch Maier, American baseball player
• 1982 – Delwyn Young, American baseball player
• 1982 – Lizzy Caplan, American actress
• 1983 – Brendon James, British drummer (Thirteen Senses)
• 1983 – Marlin Jackson, American football player
• 1983 – Patrick Wolf, British musician
• 1983 – Cheryl Cole, British singer (Girls Aloud)
• 1984 – Fantasia Barrino, American singer
• 1984 – Gabriel Badilla, Costa Rican footballer
• 1985 – Trevor Ariza, American basketball player
• 1985 – Rafal Blechacz, Polish classical pianist
• 1985 – Michael Phelps, American swimmer
• 1985 – Fabiana Vallejos, Argentine footballer
• 1985 – Cody Runnels, American wrestler
• 1986 – Victoria Crawford, American wrestler and model
• 1986 – Allegra Versace, Italian heiress and stakeholder of the Versace empire
• 1986 – Nicola Pozzi, Italian footballer
• 1986 – Freddy Guarín, Colombian footballer
• 1989 – Miguel Vítor, Portuguese footballer
• 1991 – Kaho, Japanese actress

Deaths

• 350 – Nepotianus, Roman usurper
• 1181 – Hugh de Kevelioc, 3rd Earl of Chester, English politician (b. 1147)
• 1224 – Adolf of Osnabrück, Saint Adolf (b. 1185)
• 1364 – Arnost of Pardubice, Archbishop of Prague (b. 1297)
• 1538 – Charles of Egmond, Duke of Guelders (b. 1467)
• 1579 – Mehmed Pasha Sokolović, Turkish Janissary (b. 1506)
• 1607 – Caesar Baronius, Italian cardinal and historian (b. 1538)
• 1660 – William Oughtred, English mathematician (b. 1575)
• 1666 – Alexander Brome, English poet (b. 1620)
• 1670 – Henrietta Anne Stuart, Princess of England, Scotland, and Ireland (b. 1644)
• 1704 – John Quelch, English pirate (b. 1665)
• 1709 – Edward Lhuyd, Welsh scientist (b. 1660)
• 1785 – James Oglethorpe, English general and founder of the state of Georgia (b. 1696)
• 1796 – Abraham Yates, American Continental Congressman (b. 1724)
• 1857 – Alcide d'Orbigny, French naturalist (b. 1802)
• 1882 – Charles J. Guiteau, American assassin of President James A. Garfield (b. 1841)
• 1882 – Alberto Henschel, German-Brazilian photographer and businessman (b. 1827)
• 1890 – Samuel Parkman Tuckerman, American composer (b. 1819)
• 1917 – Antonio de La Gandara, French painter (b. 1861)
• 1919 – John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1842)
• 1934 – Night of the Long Knives murders
  • Kurt von Schleicher, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1882)
  • Gregor Strasser, former German Nazi politician (b. 1892)
  • Gustav Ritter von Kahr, Prime Minister of Bavaria (b. 1862)
  • Karl Ernst, German SA-gruppenführer (b. 1904)
  • Erich Klausener, German catholic politician (b. 1885)
• 1953 – Charles William Miller, father of football in Brazil (b. 1874)
• 1956 – Thorleif Lund, Norwegian actor (b. 1880)
• 1959 – José Vasconcelos, Mexican writer and politician (b. 1882)
• 1961 – Lee DeForest, American inventor (b. 1873)
• 1966 – Giuseppe Farina, Italian Formula One champion. First person to win an F1 championship. (b. 1906)
• 1971 – Herbert Biberman, American screenwriter and film director (b. 1900)
• 1971 – Soviet crew of Soyuz 11
  • Viktor Patsayev (b. 1933)
  • Georgi Dobrovolski (b. 1928)
  • Vladislav Volkov (b. 1935)
• 1973 – Blessed Vasyl Velychkovsky C.Ss.R Ukrainian-born Canadian Bishop and Martyr (b. 1903)
• 1974 – Vannevar Bush, American engineer and politician (b. 1890)
• 1976 – Firpo Marberry, American baseball player (b. 1898)
• 1984 – Lillian Hellman, American playwright (b. 1905)
• 1985 – Haruo Remeliik, 1st President of Palau (murdered) (b. 1933)
• 1993 – George "Spanky" McFarland, American actor (b. 1928)
• 1993 – Wong Ka Kui, Hong Kong singer (b. 1962)
• 1995 – Gale Gordon, American actor (b. 1906)
• 1995 – Georgi Beregovoi, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1921)
• 1995 – Phyllis Hyman, American jazz vocalist (b. 1949)
• 1997 – Larry O'Day, Australian wrestler (b. 1944)
• 2001 – Chet Atkins, American country guitar player and producer (b. 1924)
• 2001 – Joe Henderson, American jazz saxophonist (b. 1937)
• 2002 – Chico Xavier, popular medium in Brazil´s spiritism movement (b. 1910)
• 2003 – Buddy Hackett, American comic (b. 1924)
• 2003 – Robert McCloskey, American children's book writer and illustrator (b. 1915)
• 2004 – Jamal Abro, Pakistani writer (b. 1924)
• 2005 – Clancy Eccles, Jamaican Reggae Musician (b. 1940)
• 2006 – Robert Gernhardt, German satirist (b. 1937)
• 2007 – Sahib Singh Verma, Indian politician and former Chief Minister of Delhi (b. 1943)
• 2009 – Pina Bausch, German choreographer (b. 1940)

Holidays and observances

• Independence Day in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
• First Martyrs of the See of Rome.
• Saint Martialis
• Saint Theobald of Provins

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada