A graphical timeline is available at:

Villa de San Agustin de Laredo was founded in 1755 by Don Tomás Sánchez while the area was part of the Nuevo Santander region in the Spanish colony of New Spain. Villa de San Agustin de Laredo got its name from Laredo, Cantabria, Spain and in honor of Saint Augustine of Hippo. In 1840, Laredo was the capital of the independent Republic of the Rio Grande, set up in opposition Antonio López de Santa Anna and brought back into Mexico by military force. In 1846, during the Mexican-American War the town was occupied by the Texas Rangers. After the war, the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ceded the land to the United States. A referendum was taken in the town, which voted to petition the American military government in charge of the area to return the town to Mexico. This petition was rejected, and the bulk of the population moved over the river into Mexican territory to found Nuevo Laredo. In 1849, the military set up Fort McIntosh (originally Camp Crawford). Laredo was rechartered as a city in 1852. The city is the setting of "Streets of Laredo," a cowboy ballad from the late 1800s.

Laredo is one of the oldest border crossing points along the U.S.-Mexico border, and the nation's largest inland port of entry. In 2005, Laredo celebrated the 250th anniversary of its founding.

The origin of name of the original Spanish town of Laredo is unclear. Some scholars say the name stems from Glaretum which means "sandy, rocky place" others state that Laredo stems from a Basque word meaning "beautiful pastures". Laredo might also stem from the latin Larida which means gull.

From 1965–1967, NBC aired a western television series called Laredo, with the actors Philip Carey, William Smith, Peter Brown, and Neville Brand. A spinoff of The Virginian, Laredo focuses on Texas Rangers in the border country. In 1958, ABC aired the episode "Ambush in Laredo" of the miniseries, Texas John Slaughter starring Tom Tryon, with Chris Alcaide and Judson Pratt, broadcast as part of Walt Disney Presents.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 79.6 square miles (206.0 km²), of which, 78.5 square miles (203.2 km²) of it is land and 1.1 square miles (2.8 km²) of it (1.37%) is water.

Location

Laredo is located on the west end of the Rio Grande Plains is south of the Edwards Plateau, Coastal Plains to the east, and Mexican Mountains to the west. The area consists of a few hills and flat land covered brush: grass lands, oak, and mesquite. The annual Cola Blanca Contest brings hunters from across the United States and Mexico.

Bodies of water

Notable geographic features are the Rio Grande and Chacon Creek's man-made reservoir,Lake Casa Blanca, in Lake Casa Blanca International State Park. The lake is of land and of water. There are six major creeks Chacon Creek, San Ildefonso Creek, San Ygnacio Creek, Santa Isabel Creek, Sombrerillito Creek, and the Zacate Creek all of which drain into the Rio Grande. There are several man made reservoirs including: San Ildefonso Creek Lake (second largest reservoir), Sombrerillito Creek Lake (third largest reservoir), among other smaller lakes.

Climate

Laredo's weather is affected by the Sierra Madre Oriental mountains to the west and the Gulf of Mexico to the east and the Sonoran Desert of Northern Mexico; any moisture from the Pacific is cut-off by the Mexican mountain range. Its geographic location causes Laredo's weather to range from long periods of heat to sudden violent storms and tornadoes in a short period of time. Laredo is cold for south Texas standards during winter, the average daytime highs are around 66 °F (19 C) and overnight lows around 43 °F (6 C); although it is rare for snow to fall in Laredo, there was actually snow on the ground for a few hours on the morning of Christmas Day 2004.

Laredo experiences an average high temperature of about 99 °F (37 C), and an average low of about 75 °F (24 C) during summer, and of rain per year. As Laredo sometimes undergoes drought, a water conservation ordinance was implemented in 2003.

Demographics

Laredo places 88th in the top 100 cities in population in the United States. According to the census estimate of 2006, there were 231,470 people. In the 2005 estimate there were 99,675 males and 108,112 females living in 60,816 households, out of those 33,832 were owner occupied. The average household size has 3.69 occupants. The population density was 2,250.5 people per square mile (868.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 179,887 or 86.6% White, 1,012 or 0.5% African American, 599 or 0.3% Native American, 779 or 0.4% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 23,932 or 11.5% from other races, and 1,578 or 0.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino accounts for 197,198 or 94.9% of the population in terms of ethnicity.

There were a total of 60,816 households out of which 56,247 or 92.5% were occupied, 33,832 were owner occupied units and 22,415 were renter occupied units. 62.0% were married couples living together, 18.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.7% were non-families. 12.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.69 and the average family size was 4.18

The city's population is 35.5% under the age of 18, 11.4% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 15.8% from 45 to 64, and 7.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females there were 92.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,019, and the median income for a family was $32,577. The per capita income for the city was $12,269. 29.2% of families were below the poverty line.

According to the United States Census Bureau, at a 2000 census, Laredo was the second fastest growing city in the United States, (Las Vegas, Nevada, having been first).

Government

Laredo's municipal government is controlled by a strong city council-weak mayor system. The mayor presides over the city council, but he/she may only vote to break a tie. City Council elections are based on single-member districts and campaigns have no party affiliations. Nominally nonpartisan municipal elections are held in May of even-numbered years. The municipal government is administered by the city manager hired by the city council. All city elected offices have a four-year term and are nonpartisan though most officials have a party preference or affiliation. City council meetings are held on Mondays and can be viewed on the public access channel.

City Mayor -- Raul G. Salinas, Democrat, elected 2006 to succeed Betty Flores


City Manager - Carlos Villareal

City Council:

District 1 - Joseph Michael Garza

District 2 - Hector "Tito" Garcia

District 3 - Dr. Michael Landeck

District 4 - Juan Narvaez Jr

District 5 - Juan Jose "Johnny" Rendon

District 6 - Gene Belmares

District 7 - Jose Valdez, Jr.

District 8 - Cindy Liendo Espinoza

State and federal representatives

- Texas House of Representatives-

- District 31 - Ryan Guillen, Democrat

- District 42 - Richard Peña Raymond, Democrat

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- Texas Senate-

- District 21 - Judith Zaffirini, Democrat

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- United States House of Representatives-

- District 28 - Henry Cuellar, Democrat

Federal representation

The United States Postal Service operates post offices in Laredo. The Laredo Main Post Office is located at 2700 East Saunders Street near Laredo International Airport.

Education

Elementary and secondary

Laredo is served by two school districts: the Laredo Independent School District and the United Independent School District and eight private schools.







The Laredo Independent School District (LISD) serves the areas in central Laredo. The LISD high schools are Cigarroa High School, Martin High School, J. W. Nixon High School and the Laredo Early College High School. LISD also contains three magnet schools: Dr. Dennis D. Cantu Health Science Magnet School, LISD Magnet for Engineering and Technology Education, and Vidal M. Trevino School of Communications and Fine Arts.

The United Independent School District serves the rest of Laredo and northern Webb County. The UISD high schools are John B. Alexander High School, Lyndon B. Johnson High School, United High School, United South High School. UISD has three magnet schools: John B. Alexander Health Science Magnet, United Engineering Magnet, and the United South Business Magnet. There are thirty-nine schools within UISD and more are under construction and/or in the development stage. United ISD is one of the fastest growing districts in the state, serving almost forty thousand students and covering an area the physical size of Rhode Island.

The city is also served by eight private schools:

• Saint Augustine High School, Catholic school, 9th-12th
• Laredo Christian Academy, Assemblies of God, Grades PK–12th
• United Day School, nonpartisan, PK-8th
• Mary Help of Christians School, Catholic school, PK-8th
• Blessed Sacrament School, Catholic school, PK-7th
• Our Lady of Guadalupe School, Catholic school, PK-6th
• St. Peter Memorial School, Catholic school, PK-6th
• Saint Augustine School, Catholic school, now elementary and middle, PK-8th, established 1928, enrollment 485 (2008)
• Ursuline Academy, Catholic school established 1868

Colleges and universities

Laredo is home to Laredo Community College and Texas A&M International University (TAMIU). The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio has a campus in Laredo.

The Laredo Community College is a two-campus institution which offers two-year Associates Degrees. The main campus is located in west Laredo near the Rio Grande. The smaller but newer second campus, Laredo Community College South Campus, is located in south Laredo along United States Highway 83. The main campus is located at the western end of downtown Laredo on the land formerly known as Fort McIntosh. This fort played a major role in the development of Laredo as it served to protect Laredo's border from Indian raids in its early history. Several of the fort's old buildings were converted into classrooms, and then into nightclubs.

The Texas A&M International University is a 4/6 year university that offers Bachelors and Master's Degrees. On April 22, 2004,[20406], the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board in Austin provided its approval for Texas A&M International University to grant its first Ph.D. in International Business Administration[20407] [20408]. TAMIU’s College of Business Administration has been named an outstanding business school in "The Princeton Review’s" “Best 282 Business Schools,” 2007 Edition, and ranked third in the nation for the category: “Greatest Opportunity for Minority Students[20409].” The university's campus is located in Northeast Laredo along Loop 20. The university was once an extension of Texas A&I-Kingsville and later changed to Laredo State University. Prior to its current location along Loop 20, the university was housed on Laredo Community College's downtown campus grounds.

The University of Texas Health Science Center campus is located in East Laredo near U.S. Highway 59 and the Laredo Medical Center. The campus is an extension university from UTHSC in San Antonio, Texas. The university offers Doctoral Degrees in the medical and dental fields.

Economy

Laredo has four South Texas banking institutions Falcon International Bank, International Bank of Commerce, Laredo National Bank, and Texas Community Bank. As a result of Laredo's location in North America, Interstate Highway 35 / Mexican Federal Highway 85, the passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), dozens of twin assembly plants, and dozens of import export agencies to expedite trade, Laredo is the largest inland port in the United States, and Nuevo Laredo the largest in Latin America. Laredo is a shopping destination for Mexican shoppers from Northern Mexico.

Trade

More than 47 percent of United States international trade headed for Mexico and more than 36 percent of Mexican international trade crosses through the Laredo port of entry. Laredo's economy and lifestyle revolves around commercial and industrial warehousing, import, and export. As a major player of international trade, Laredo benefited from the passing of the North American Free Trade Agreement. The city's Laredo International Airport has non-stop flights to Houston, Dallas, and Las Vegas. The Laredo port of entry consists of five international bridges crossing the Rio Grande into the Mexican states of Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon.

In 2008, Laredo had the second highest rate of auto theft in the United States, topped only by Modesto, California. Many of the stolen automobiles, trucks, and sport utility vehicles are seized to carry narcotics and weapons into Mexico, according to Joe Wehrle of the National Insurance Crime Bureau. The only Texas city on the high auto theft list, Laredo had 1,960 such thefts in 2008.

Retail sales

Retail sales attracts shoppers from Northern Mexico and South Texas. There are 2 indoor shopping malls located in the area and dozens of shopping centers. The Streets of Laredo Urban Mall is an association created by businesses on Iturbide Street in the San Agustin historical district to beautify and renovate the area. By 2009 Laredo will have an additional two malls which are currently under construction:

• Mall Del Norte
• El Portal Mall
• Laredo Town Center Mall 580,577 ft² (to open in TBA)
• Piazza del Sol Mall 1,200,000 ft² (to open in TBA)
• Laredo Factory Outlet Center 452,000 ft² (to open in TBA) in Botines, Texas
• Streets of Laredo Urban Mall

Labor market information

As of October 2007, Laredo's labor market was in the following industries by percentage of number employed: Trade, Transportation, and Utilities (32%), Information (1%), Financial Activity (5%), Professional and Business Services (6%), Education and Health Services (15%), Leisure and Hospitality (10%), Government (23%), Mining and Construction (5%), Manufacturing (2%), and Other Services (2%).

Laredo has increased the number of non-agricultural jobs from 55,100 in January 1996 to 86,600 in October 2007. Laredo has experienced a higher job growth rate (2%-6.5%) than the state as a whole because of expanded international trade through the North American Free Trade Agreement. In 2007, Laredo experienced a job growth rate of 2.5%. As of October 2007, the Laredo unemployment rate was 4.1% or 3,700 unemployed persons as compared to 3.9% in Texas statewide. This is a significant drop since the mid-1990s when Laredo's unemployment was over 15%.

Laredo has had positive job market growth since the mid-1990s, setbacks in the Mining (oil/gas) industry shifted a few thousand workers to other industries such as international trade and construction. Many large employers in the oil and gas industries shut down operations in Laredo and across Texas and shifted to foreign countries. The same effect occurred in the garment industry (Levis and Haggar) along the Texas border area, but Laredo experienced the closing of the one and only garment-producing company (Barry) of about 300 workers. Laredo's strong job growth rate in retail and transportation services limited the adverse effects of long-term unemployment in the few massive layoffs of the late 1990s. Laredo's vulnerability continue to exist in international trade due to unforeseen changes to Mexico's economy, immigration laws (along with daily border crossings: shoppers and commercial trade) and terrorism as the result of September 11.

People and culture

Annual festivals

The Washington's Birthday Celebration (WBCA) is a month long event that celebrates George Washington's Birthday. It was founded in 1898 by the Improved Order of the Red Men, local chapter Yaqui Tribe #59. It is the largest celebration of its kind in the United States, with 400,000 attendees annually. The first celebration was a success, and its popularity grew rapidly; in 1923 it received its state charter. In 1924, the Celebration featured its first Colonial Pageant, which featured 13 young girls from Laredo, representing the 13 original colonies. The celebration includes parades, a carnival, an air show, fireworks, live concerts, and a city-wide prom during which many of Laredo's elite dress in very formal attire. The related Jalapeño Festival is one of the United States' top 10 eating festivals.

Jamboozie is held in late January in downtown Laredo as part of the Washington Birthday Celebrations. Similar to New Orleans' Mardi Gras, the Jamboozie is a colorful event, with many people dressed in beads, masks, and flamboyant outfits.

Recreational

The area around the Laredo Entertainment Center has experienced substantial growth in recent years. Besides new housing developments, the area includes Hal's Landing, a restaurant/arcade that serves as a popular nightspot on the weekends. Also in the area are the dance clubs Las Cananas and Club Tonic, an upscale gym, and a small yet popular cafe named Cuadros. In development next to the Laredo Entertainment Center is a new baseball field that will house the Laredo Broncos.

Around the Springfield area, several restaurant/bars have set up residence. Some of these places include Agave Azul, Cosmos, Old No.2, Bleu Room, and Lima Sol. This area has proven to be especially popular with the college crowd.

Lake Casa Blanca

Lake Casa Blanca International State Park, located on Loop 20, contains a artificial lake along with cooking out, camping, picnicking, lake swimming, skiing, boating, and mountain biking. The most popular recreational use of the lake is fishing. A boat ramp and fishing pier is available on the eastern side of the lake.The lake is a popular destination for winter Texans. The park was operated by the City of Laredo and Webb County before it was acquired by the state in 1990 and opened in March 1991.

Golf

Laredo has two 18-hole golf courses; the Laredo Country Club and the Casa Blanca Golf Course. The Laredo Country Club is an 18-hole private course that features of golf. The golf course has a rating of 74.6, a slope rating of 133, and has a par of 72. The country club was designed by Joseph S. Finger and was opened in 1983. The Casa Blanca Golf Course is an 18-hole course that features of golf. The golf course has a rating of 72.5, a slope rating of 125, and has a par of 72. The golf course was designed by Leon Howard and was opened in 1967. There is also an 18-hole country club across the border in Nuevo Laredo. The Club Campestre Riviera del Bravo in Nuevo Laredo is an 18-hole that features of golf. The golf course has a rating of 71.1 and has a par of 72.

Parks, recreational centers, plazas, and baseball fields

The City of Laredo owns eight recreational centers, thirty-four developed parks, twenty-two undeveloped parks or under construction, five baseball fields, and four plazas. The parks total area is .

In the November 4, 2008, general elections, voters by a 61-39 percent margin approved construction of a new baseball stadium to be built adjacent to the Laredo Entertainment Center. Funding will be derived from a sports venue fund established through a .25 percent municipal sales tax. In 2009, the fund had some $15 million in reserve.

Recreational centers Canizales Boxing Gym Cigarroa Recreational Center D. D. Hachar Recreational Center Farrias Recreational Center Tarver Recreational Center La Ladrilleria Recreational Center NE Hillside Recreational Center LBV Tech Recreational Center

Baseball parks Al King Little League Park East Martin Field Community Baseball Fields Cruz Little League Field Veteran's Field Field of Dreams (Coming in 2010)

Plazas Bruni Plaza Jarvis Plaza San Agustin Plaza St. Peter's Plaza

Developed parks

Albert Ochoa Park Aldo Tatangelo Walkway Azteca Park Base Community Complex Benavides Park Blas Castañeda Park Canizales Park Chaparral Park Circle Drive Park Civic Center Pool Del Mar Community Park Dryden Park

East Central Park Father McNoboe Park Freddy Benavides Complex Garcia-Vela Park La Ladrillera Park Las Brisas Park Las Palmas Park Trail Los Dos Laredos Park Lyon Street Skate Park Market Street Complex Noon lions Park Ochoa Sanchez Park

Santa Fe Park Santa Rita Park Scott Street Park Seven Flags Park Taylor Street Park Three Points Park & Pool Toddler Park Villa del Sol Park Zacate Creek Park Zacate Linear Park

Undeveloped parks

Andrew Circle Anna Truck Bruni Park Century City Park Cheyenne Country Club Estates Dillyworth Park Eastwoods Park

Eisletter Park El Cuatro Park El Paseo Farias George Washington Indian Sunset Inner City Park Lafayette Park

Loma Alta El Eden Regency Park Slaughter Park South Laredo Park Village Heights

David B. Barkley Plaza

memorial honoring the forty-one Hispanic soldiers who have received the Congressional Medal of Honor was built in Laredo, Texas in 2002. The plaza was named after the only Laredo Congressional Medal of Honor recipient David B. Barkley. The David B. Barkley Plaza has a bronze statue of David B. Barkley and an American flag measuring 100ft by 50ft and is 308ft tall making it the tallest flagpole in the United States. The memorial is located at .

Museums

Republic of the Rio Grande Capitol Building Museum is located in the downtown historical district next to the historical La Posada Hotel. It was once the Republic of the Rio Grande Capitol building now showcases memorabilia from the short lived Republic of the Rio Grande. It displays pictures, books, and furniture from the 19th century Laredo area. It offers guided tours for school age children and adults year-round. Because of this Republic, Laredo had flown seven flags instead of the traditional Six Flags over Texas.



The Laredo Center for the Arts is located in downtown Laredo. The building houses three galleries: the Goodman Gallery, the Laredo Art League Gallery and the Lilia G. Martinez Gallery. The Center for the Arts, located in the former City Hall offices known as "The Mercado," displays regional artwork and provides community events for children and adults. The Laredo Little Theater provides Laredo with live stage performances. The theater also hosts comedians.

Imaginarium of South Texas (formerly Laredo Children's Museum), located in Mall del Norte, provides a hands-on experience with science, technology, and art for Laredo's youth. A second museum is planned on the Texas A&M International University campus.

The Nuevo Santander Museum Complex comprises restored buildings of Fort McIntosh, a historical collection of photographs of the fort, the main guardhouse, which contains World War I (1914–1918) memorabilia, and a science and technology museum.

Planetarium

The Lamar Bruni Vergara Science Center Planetarium is located on the Texas A&M International University Laredo campus. The Planetarium surrounds audiences in a dome with an accurate image of the night sky showing all the motions and cycles of the Sun, Moon, planets, and constellations in the sky creating a multi-media experience in revealing the wonders of the cosmos. The Planetarium introduces to you to a life-long acquaintance with the sky and an interpretion of the Universe that appeals to both the mind and eye. The Digistar 3 system at the TAMIU Planetarium takes audiences on a fantastic voyage through the cosmos and beyond.

Library

The Laredo Public Library was first housed on the second floor of the City Hall, now known as the Market Hall, in 1916. In 1974, the Laredo Public Library moved to the historic Bruni Plaza in downtown Laredo. In 1993, the citizens of Laredo approved the construction of a new main library, which opened its doors on February 1, 1998. The Laredo Public Library has a . main library and two branches. The main library is located in central Laredo; the Bruni Plaza Branch is located downtown east of Washington Street, and the Santo Niño Branch is located in south Laredo.

Nightlife

Laredo has many known nightlife establishments. "The Strip", located right off of Del Mar Boulevard, has also proven to be a popular party scene, featuring popular restaurant/bars such as Agave Azul, Old No.2, Cosmos, Crawdaddy's, and The Bleu Room. The F Lounge, formerly known as the F Bar, is a popular club located in central Laredo.

Another establishment is Hal's Landing located next to the Laredo Entertainment Center. Hal's Landing is a full-service restaurant with a bar, pool tables, and a large room filled with arcade games. Also next to the LEC is the new Hollywood Theaters.

Churches and architecture

[[Image:San Luis Rey Catholic Church, Laredo, TX IMG 0872.JPG|

left|thumb|San Luis Rey Catholic Church with bell tower at the intersection of Sanders and San Jose streets in Laredo opened on September 16, 1951.]] The striking Our Lady of Guadalupe Catholic Church in inner-city Laredo is located next to the parochial school of the same name at the intersection of San Jorge Avenue and Callaghan Street. The Church of the Redeemer (completed 1909) is a Catholic congregation at the intersection of Main and Garcia streets. Refurbished (2009) St. Patrick Catholic Church at 555 East Del Mar Blvd. Laredo’s architecture is of Spanish Colonial, American, and Mexican flavor. Most of Laredo's Spanish colonial buildings are located in downtown Laredo. American architecture can be seen along Interstate Highway 35 and in the downtown area. Heavily Roman Catholic in church affiliation, Laredo has impressive houses of worship in multiple denominations. The oldest congregation, San Agustin Cathedral in the downtown historic plaza, dates to the founding of the city in 1755. Other Catholic congregations included Our Lady of Guadalupe, an imposing structure in the inner-city at San Jorge Avenue and Callaghan Street, Blessed Sacrament and Christ the King, both in the Heights neighborhood, St. John Neumann church at Hillside Road and Springfield Avenue, San Martin de Porres at 1704 Sandman Street near the municipal water tower, and the large St. PatrickCatholic Church on Del Mar Boulevard, founded in 1970 and renovated in 2009. The Catholic diocese office, the headquarters of Bishop James Tamayo, is located on Corpus Christi Street north of Guadalupe Street. Still another Catholic congregation, the Church of the Redeemer at the intersection of Main and Garcia streets downtown, observes its centennial on August 29, 2009. San Luis Rey Catholic Church at the intersection of Sanders and San Jose opened on September 16, 1951. Outside is a flowered prayer shrine. The First United Methodist, the Presbyterian, and Episcopal congregations are located in the Heights neighborhood of south central Laredo. In 1963, First Baptist Church moved from downtown to the Heights neighborhood near J. W. Nixon High School. The congregation under pastor Ronald A. Scott relocated on March 2, 2008, to a new structure on Bartlett Street north off Del Mar Boulevard. The previous sanctuary on Malinche Avenue was sold to the Laredo Independent School District for expansion of Nixon High School facilities. A meetinghouse of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is situated at the intersection of Hillside Road and Cactus Drive. Laredo also has a Lutheran congregation and nondenominational Grace Bible Church off Hillside and Church of the Crossroads on International Boulevard. Another Baptist congregation, United Baptist (pastor Mike Barrera), is also on International. The First Assembly of God draws a large congregation to its sanctuary on McPherson Road. There are also Spanish-language congregations in nearly all denominations as well as non-denominational churches. List of the tallest buildings in Laredo, Texas: Health care Providence Surgical & Medical Center in Laredo Providence Surgical & Medical Center in Laredo The Laredo Specialty Hospital The Cigarroa Heart Clinic and Medical Center on East Calton Road In addition to the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio branch located within the D.D. Hachar Building complex, there are five other principal medical centers in Laredo: the Laredo Medical Center, Doctor's Hospital in northernmost Laredo, Gateway Community Health Center, Providence Surgical & Medical Center, and the Laredo Specialty Hospital. The services of Laredo Medical Center include:Doctor's Hospitalis the second largest medical center in Laredo. The hospital complex is over complex with 180 licensed beds in a campus and is affiliated to Universal Health Services. It is located in Loop 20in north Laredo. Behind the main building the Doctors Regional Cancer Treatment Center which offers comprehensive cancer services. The Providence Surgical & Medical Centeris an ambulatory health care center located in north-central Laredo which is also owed by Universal Health Services. Doctor's Hospital services include: The Gateway Community Health Centeris the third largest medical center in Laredo. The health center's main building is and three stories high. The Medical center recently moved in 2006 to its new $11,000,000 building. The main Gateway Community Health Center is located in East Laredo close to U.S.Highway 59. It also has three branches in the Laredo area: the South Clinic, El Cenizo Community Center, and Quad City Community Center. Gateway Community Health Center services include:The Laredo Specialty Hospitalis the fourth largest medical center in Laredo. It is owned by Ernest Health Inc.and was founded by Elmo Lopez, Jr., on May 22, 2006, and admitted its first patient within hours of operation. The grand opening was held in March 2007. House Majority Leader Thomas Dale DeLay (2003–2006) was born in Laredo. People from Laredo Notable people born in Laredo David Barkley-Cantu, First Mexican-American to be awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor Pedro "Pete" Astudillo, Composer Freddie Benavides, Former professional baseball player Santos Benavides, Confederate States of America colonel, U.S. Civil War Louis H. Bruni (born 1949), Webb County county judge, 2003–2007; Republican candidate for Texas State Senate in 2008 Orlando Canizales, Professional boxer. Career W 50 L 5 D 1 Francisco G. Cigarroa, M.D., President of University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Henry Cuellar, U.S. Representative from Texas' 28th District (since 2005), former Texas Secretary of State (2001) and state representative (1987–2001) Tony Dalton, is an American actor and screenwriter. Tom DeLay, Former U.S. Representative from Texas's 22nd District and former House majority leader, Republican Betty Flores, first woman mayor of Laredo. 1998–2006 Julio A. Garcia (1943-2008), prominent Laredo attorney; district attorney from 1980–1988 William N. "Billy" Hall, Jr., (1940–2002), State representative, county treasurer, civic leader Oscar M. Laurel (1920–2001) -- State representative, district attorney, member of the National Transportation Safety Board, executive director of the International Good Neighbor Council Thomas C. Mann, Former U.S. Ambassador to El Salvador Federico Peña, Former mayor of Denver, former U.S. Secretary of Transportation, and former U.S. Secretary of Energy, Democrat Johnny Rodriguez, Tex-Mex Country singer Ezequiel D. Salinas (1908–2007), State court judge from 1950–1974 and civil rights activist for Hispanics Antonio R. "Tony" Sanchez, Jr., Oilman and banker, 2002 Democratic candidate for Texas governor José Silva, Parapsychologist Edgar Valdez Villarreal a.k.a" La Barbie, is an American working in the Sinaloa Cartel as a lieutenant and is the primary operator of the armed group, Los Negros Guillermo Vela (1912–1986), U.S. Military Attaché in Mexico, first Mexico City Anchorman Peggy Webber, radio and television actress Judith Zaffirini (born 1946), State senator since 1987 Miles Zuniga (born Alfredo Zuniga), Guitarist, singer and songwriter for the rock band Fastball Oscar J. Zuniga (1922–2007), Engineer and developer Simon Villarreal (1929-1996), Water activist, who is also responsible for bringing certain stores to the city. Notable people residing in Laredo but born elsewhere Steve Asmussen, horse breeder who won three legs of the Triple Crown Ruthe B. Cowl (1912–2008), philanthropist Radcliffe Killam (1910–2007), rancher, oilman, developer Janet Krueger (born 1953), artist of south Texas ranch life, professor at Texas A&M International University Jack Lanza, ex-professional wrestler, now WWE producer Rafael A. Lecuona (born 1928), former Olympic gymnast and retired university political science professor B.P. Newman (1927–2008), businessman, developer, and philanthropist who originated Chaparral, Vista Hermosa, and Sierra Vista subdivisions José Monti Montañez, New Menudo band member Richard Pena Raymond, state representative since 2001 Crispin Sanchez (1924–2008), educator and advocate for Mexican Americans Aldo Tatangelo (1913–2008), reform mayor of Laredo from 1978–1990 Jerry D. Thompson, historian affiliated with Texas A&M International University Robert G. Whitehead (1916–2007), businessman/artist who marketed "Blue Star" first-aid ointment Fictional characters from Laredo Johnny Rio, the main character from John Rechy's novel Numbers, lived in Laredo before going to Los Angeles Sports Laredo Bucks Rio Grande Plaza Laredo is home to the two-time President's Cup Champion Laredo Bucks hockey team, which play at the Laredo Entertainment Center.The Bucks' successful coach is the native Canadian Terry Ruskowski(born 1954). The Laredo Bucks are part of the Southeast Division of the Central Hockey Leagueand were inaugurated in the 2002–2003 season. The Bucks were awarded Franchise of the Year in their first year of operation. The Laredo Bucks are the 2003–2004 and the 2005–2006 Central Hockey League President's Cup Champions as well as the 2003-04 Governors’ Cup Regular Season Champions. They have made the playoffs since the first year in play and have gone to the finals the past four years, setting a new CHL/WPHL record for consecutive Finals appearances and have won 2/4. They have also been the Southeast Division and Southern Conference Champions the last 4 years. The Laredo Bucks have also been in the top 5 every year since their inauguration in attendance. Laredo Heat The Laredo Heatis a United Soccer LeaguesPremier Development Leagueteam. The team's home stadium is the Texas A&M International University Soccer Complex.The team was founded in 2004. It plays in the Mid-South Division of the Southern Conference In the 2006 season the Laredo Heat finished Runner-up yet made it only to the first round of the Open Cup. In the 2007 season, the Laredo Heat were the Southern Conference champions. And in 2007 Laredo heat won its first PDL Championship. Laredo Broncos The Laredo Broncosare a baseball team in the independentUnited Leagueand Texas Winter League. The Laredo Broncos plays its home games at Veterans Field, while its new state of the art baseball complex (Field of Dreams) is built.The team was founded in 2005. Stadiums and arenas Laredo Entertainment Center Entrance to the Student Activity Complex Laredo Entertainment Centeris located at Loop 20 and Jacaman Road.LEC is the home of the Laredo Bucks and the Laredo Lobos. The , $36.5 million facility seats 8,002 people for ice hockey and arena football, and up to 10,000 for concerts. It has 14 luxury suites, four meeting rooms and a private club for 200 charter members. It was completed in mid 2002 with the help of the Laredo sales tax increase of .25 percent. Sports that can be played at the LEC include Hockey, Arena Football, Indoor Soccer, Basketball, Wrestling, and Boxing. The arena also hosts many events such as The Laredo Hunting and Fishing Show, Miss Texas USA, Laredo Home and Garden Show, and high school graduation ceremonies. Well-known artists and bands have performed in the arena such as Tool, Aerosmith,KISS,Elton John, Styx, ZZ TOP, Ricky Martin, George Lopez, Enrique Iglesias and many more. Student Activity Complex Student Activity Complex is located on State Highway 359.It is utilized for United Independent School District's students. It was built in 2004 and it contains the city's only artificial grass stadium. The SAC was also the home of the Laredo Heat. The capacity is 8,500. Sports played at the SAC include football, soccer, and baseball. Texas A&M International University Soccer Complex Texas A&M International University Soccer Complex (also known as Dustdevil Field and TAMIU Soccer Complex) was built in 2006 and renovated in 2007.The soccer complex is located in Laredo, Texas in the Texas A&M International University campus.The complex has two soccer stadiums with a seating capacity of 4,000 each. The Dustdevil Field is the new home stadium to the 2007 champion team Laredo Heatmember of the United Soccer LeaguesPremier Development League(PDL) and the TAMIU Dustdevilswomen and men's soccer teams member of the Heartland Conference, NCAADivision II. Shirley Field The original Shirley Field was located next to the Civic Center and R&T Martin High School on San Bernardo Ave. It was built in 1937, along with Martin High School. Shirley Field was the location for outdoor athletics for Laredo Independent School District and also hosts the annual Border Olympics events. It seats up to 10,000 fans with additional seating at the 2 endzones. Professional Mexican soccer teams have played various exhibition games here, notting that the real grass allows for "better" soccer games. The various sports played on the stadium are football, soccer and track & field events. Major renovations are slated for this historic stadium. On November of 2009 Shirley Field was demolished and it will be rebuilt by the 2011 football season. The total cost of the reconstruction is expected to be $12,000,000 and it will seat 8,000 fans and feature artificial turf. Krueger Field Krueger Field is located in north Laredo and is owned by United Independent School District. The stadium has a capacity of 3,000 and is used to play football and soccer high school games. It is home to United High School's and John B. Alexander High School's football and soccer teams. Veterans Field Veterans Field is a baseball park which was previously known as West Martin Field.It is the home field for the Laredo Broncos. Its capacity is about 5,000. Major renovation is happening to update the 1950 ball park. Veterans Field was also the home to the five time champion Mexican Baseball Leagueteam Tecolotes de los Dos Laredosfrom 1985 to 2003. Veterans Field is also home to the Texas A&M International University's Heartland Conference NCAA Division II Dustdevils baseball team. Field of Dreams The Field of Dreams is the nickname of a current City of Laredo project in progress.The project consists of building a new Baseball field near the Laredo Entertainment Center (LEC).The project was first approved by the city council and was voted in favor of (with 61.32% of the votes in favor 38.68% against) constructing it with money collected by a .25% sales tax increase for the LEC since 2004of which there is a surplus of about $15 million. The stadium will be home to the United Baseball League's Laredo Broncos. The stadium will be used for soccer leagues, youth and prep baseball games, along with other youth sports. The stadium will also be used for soccer leagues, youth and prep baseball games, along with other youth sports. Laredo Civic Center Prior to the construction of the Laredo Entertainment Center most major concerts and shows were performed at the Laredo Civic Center. The Laredo Civic Center complex has an auditoriums with 1,979 seats and a banquet and exihibit hall with 1,635 seats. Transportation Air Laredo International Airport Tex-Mex Railway International Bridge view from Laredo Laredo is served by the Laredo International Airport.Daily flights are available to Houston (George Bush Intercontinental Airport) and to Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport.Tri-weekly flights to Las Vegas, Nevada are available.After Laredo Air Force Base closed in the mid-1970s, the federal government handed over the old air force base and property to the City of Laredo for a new municipal airport. From the mid-1970s until mid-1990s, the airport utilized a small terminal for passenger airline service and several old hangars for air cargo and private aircraft. A new state-of-the art passenger terminal was built along the newly constructed Loop 20 to accommodate larger jets and to increase passenger air travel through Laredo. Expansion of air cargo facilities, taxiways and aprons, air cargo carriers such as DHL, FedEx, UPS, BAX, and others have responded by adding commercial air cargo jet services. Laredo also has two medical helipads, at Laredo Medical Center and Doctor's Hospital. Mass transit El Metro is the mass transit system that operates in Laredo with 21 fixed routes and Paratransit services with approximately 4.6 million passengers per year. El Metro works with a fleet of over 47 fixed route buses, 2 trolleys and 18 Paratransit/El Lift vans. El Metro hub is located in downtown Laredo at El Metro Transit Center. The Center also houses Greyhound Bus Lines and provides fee-based daily parking for downtown shoppers and workers. Rural transit Rural transportation is provided by the Webb Countyoperated "El Aguila Rural Transportation" (the Eagle) bus services. El Aguila provides fixed daily routes from Rural Webb County (Bruni, El Cenizo, Mirando City, Oilton, and Rio Bravo) to the downtown Laredo Transit Center. International bridges Gateway to the Americas International Bridge Juárez-Lincoln International Bridge World Trade International Bridge (commercial traffic only) Colombia-Solidarity International Bridge Texas-Mexican Railway International Bridge Major highways Major highways in Laredo and their starting and ending points: Interstate 35 Laredo-Duluth U.S. Highway 59 Laredo-Lancaster U.S. Highway 83 Brownsville-Laredo-Westhope State Highway 255 Laredo-Colombia State Highway 359 Laredo-Skidmore State Loop 20 Loop around Laredo Farm to Market Road 1472 Laredo - Colombia Solidarity International Bridge *Complete List of Highways in Laredo, Texas Major highways in Nuevo Laredo and their starting and ending points: Mexican Federal Highway 85 Nuevo Laredo-Mexico City Mexican Federal Highway 2 Matamoros-Nuevo Laredo-Colombia-Ciudad Acuña Tamaulipas State Highway 1 Nuevo Laredo-Monterrey Nuevo Leon State Highway Spur 1 Colombia-Anáhuac Surrounding cities Nearby cities Points of interest Rio Grande Lake Casa Blanca Downtown Laredo Fort McIntosh Republic of the Rio Grande Capitol Building Museum San Agustin Cathedral San Agustin Historical District Streets of Laredo Mall Sister cities During the month of January Laredo sponsors the Laredo International Sister Cities Festival which was founded in 2003. The festival is an internaional business, trade, tourism, and cultural expo. All of Laredo's sister citiesare invited to participate. In 2004, the Laredo International Sister Cities Festival received the best overall Program award from the Sister Cities International.The following list is of Laredo's sister cities. Pending: Candela, Mexico Papantla, Mexico Rizhao, China Qinghai, China Media Newspapers Television AM radio FM radio References U.S. Census Factfinder 2006 Population estimate for Laredo, Texas World Gazetteer: America - largest cities (per geographical entity) Laredo Origin Laredo Origin U.S. Census Bureau Estimate for the Laredo, Texas Area in 2005 U.S. Census Bureau Estimate for the Laredo, Texas Metropolitan Area in 2006 " Post Office Location - LAREDO." United States Postal Service. Retrieved on May 5, 2009. LISD Home Page UISD Home Page San Augustin High School Private Catholic School http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/LL/hdl2.html Laredo Community College Home Page Texas A&M International University Home Page University of Texas Health Science Center Laredo Campus Home Page Laredo Morning Times "National report lists Laredo as largest inland port" Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas "Southwest Economy " Taryn White, "Auto theft up: Border crime keys Laredo's rise to 2nd on U.S. list", Laredo Mortning Times, April 15, 2009, pp. 1, 14A Shopping Demographics in the Laredo Area LareDOS Article "Streets of Laredo Urban Mall Laredo Town Center Plans Piazza del Sol Plans Laredo Factory Outlet Center Planned Laredo Labor Market, South Texas Workforce Commission Washington's Birthday Celebration Association Home Page Texas Parks and Wildlife, Lake Casa Blanca International State Park Laredo Country Club Website Casa Blanca Golf Course Website Golf Link; Laredo Country Club golf course information Golf Link; Casa Blanca Golf Course Information World Golf; Club Campestre Riviera del Bravo Information Parks & Recreation Department Zach Lindsey, "Stadium plans" Council ready to pick architect for new ball field", Laredo Morning Times, May 14, 2009, pp. 1, 14A Laredo Morning Times; Monument to medal holders unveiled early a Flagpole Spec? The story behind the design and construction of the world’s tallest flagpoles. Republic of the Rio Grande Museum Home Page Laredo Center for the Arts Home Page Imaginarium of South Texas Home Page Second Imaginarium Museum on TAMIU Campus The Lamar Bruni Vergara Science Center Planetarium Home Page Laredo Public LIbrary Homepage Laredo Public Library Bruni Branch Laredo Public Library Santo Niño Branch Emporis; Laredo Buildings Doctor's Hospital Of Laredo Homepage Providence Surgical & Medical Center Gateway Community Health Center Laredo Specialty Hospital Laredo Morning Times article; New Stadium Approved Laredo Morning Times article; Laredoans of the Year; LMT names sports leaders Shashi and Priya Vaswani (renovation of the TAMIU Soccer Complex) KGNS TV article: "Shirley Field demolished, LISD to award construction contract soon" Laredo Morning Times; Webb County Vote Totals Laredo Morning TImes; Vote Goes Strongly In Favor of Stadium Laredo Civic Center visitlaredo.com Laredo International Sister Cities Festival Visit Laredo sister cities (twin cities) City of Laredo; list of sister cities Laredo International Sister Cities External links City of Laredo City of Laredo Homepage International Bridge System Webcams Laredo Chamber of Commerce Laredo Convention and Visitors Bureau Laredo Development Foundation Laredo International Airport Laredo Community Calendar Laredo Area Parks Education Texas A&M International University Laredo Community College Laredo Independent School District United Independent School District Media Laredo Morning Times Entertainment Laredo Entertainment Center CHL Laredo Bucks PDL Laredo Heat UBL Laredo Broncos Laredo Center for the Arts Imaginarium of South Texas Nightlife Nightlife in Laredo History Laredo History provided by the City Of Laredo Historic Photos from the Laredo Public Library hosted by the Portal to Texas History Cultural Studies Photographic Travelogue on Laredo Religion Diocese of Laredo Rank ! Building Name !! Height!! Floors Year Built 01 Hamilton Hotel 150 ft (46 m) 12 1923 02 San Agustin Cathedral 141 ft (43 m) N/A 1872 03 Rio Grande Plaza - 15 1975 04 Holiday Inn Laredo - 14 1984 05 Laredo National Bank - 10 1926 06 Senior Citizens Home - 8 - 07 Laredo Medical Center - 7 - 08 Gateway Inn - 6 - 09 Rialto Hotel - 6 1925 10 Walker Plaza - 5 - 24-Hour Emergency Room CT Scan Cancer Treatment Center Complete Cardiac Program General & Acute Care Home Health & Hospice Hyperbaric Oxygen Medicine Therapy Inpatient Rehabilitation Center Intensive Care Unit Labor & Delivery & Mother Baby Unit MRI Medical/Surgical Unit Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Neurosurgery Obstetrics Pediatric & Pediatric Gastroenterology Skilled Nursing Unit Sleep Center Vitreoretinology Blood Bank Cancer Treatment Center Cardiopulmonary Department Diabetes Management Occupational Medicine Program Hyperbaric and Wound Care Laboratory Services Nuclear Medicine Orthopedics Otolaryngology Pathology Pediatrics Radiology Rehabilitation Services Skilled Nursing Care Sleep Center Social Services Surgery Women's Center Adult Primary Care In-Patient Care Obstetrical Care Family Planning Clinic Gynecological Clinic Imaging Services Glaucoma Screenings Breast and Cervical Cancer Control Pediatric care Immunizations Medical check ups Minor Surgery Services Rheumatology Clinics Dental Services Dental Prosthodontic Maxillofacial Services Club Sport League Venue Established Championships Laredo Bucks Hockey CHL Laredo Entertainment Center 2002 2 (2004) & (2006) Laredo Broncos Baseball UBL / TWL Veterans Field 2006 0 Laredo Heat Soccer USL PDL TAMIU Soccer Complex 2004 1 (2006) City Population Distance (km) Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas 355,827 0mi (0 km) Monclova, Coahuila 294,191 124mi (199 km) Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 3,664,334 125mi (201 km) Reynosa, Tamaulipas 526,888 130mi (209 km) Corpus Christi, Texas 409,741 131mi (211 km) San Antonio, Texas 1,942,217 154mi (248 km) Heroica Matamoros, Tamaulipas 462,157 167mi (268 km) Saltillo, Coahuila 648,929 181mi (291 km) Acámbaro, Mexico 2004 Chenzhou, China 2001 Cienega de Flores, Mexico 1987 Cuernavaca, Mexico Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico Guadalupe, Mexico 2000 Jerez de García Salinas, Mexico 1987 Lampazos, Mexico 2000 Laredo, Spain 1978 León, Mexico 2006 Marín, Mexico Mexticacan, Mexico 2002 Monclova, Mexico 2003 Montemorelos, Mexico Murray Bridge, Australia 1984 Nuevo Laredo, Mexico 1986 San Antonio de Areco, Argentina 2001 San Miguel de Allende, Mexico 2001 Tainan Hsien, Taiwan 1985 Tepatitlan, Mexico Tijuana, Mexico Tlahualillo, Mexico 1988 Tonala, Mexico Torreón, Mexico 2004 Veracruz, Mexico 1992 Wuwei, China 2004 Zixing, China 2002 Name Frequency Language City Website Laredo Morning Times Daily English Laredo lmtonline.com LareDOS Monthly English Laredo laredosnews.com El Diario de Nuevo Laredo Daily Spanish Nuevo Laredo diario.net El Mañana Daily Spanish Nuevo Laredo elmanana.com Primera Hora Daily Spanish Nuevo Laredo primerahora.com Ultima Hora Daily Spanish Nuevo Laredo ultimahora.com CH VC DT DTV TWC Callsign Network City of License Official Website 2 - - - 99 XEFE Televisa Nuevo Laredo - 8 8.1 15.1 8 10 KGNS NBC Laredo pro8news.com 8.2 15.2 19 KTXW The CW Laredo Laredo CW 8.3 15.3 25 KGNS Telemundo Laredo telemundo.com - - - 9 11 KLRN PBS San Antonio klrn.org 11 11.1 25.1 - 14 XHBR XEW Nuevo Laredo esmas.com - - - 12 9 KSAT ABC San Antonio ksat.com 13 13.1 31.1 13 6 KVTV CBS Laredo cbs.com 21 21.1 50.1 - 98 XHLNA TV Azteca 13 Nuevo Laredo tvazteca.com 25 27.2 19.2 - 77 KETF Telefutura Laredo ketftv.com 27 27.1 19.1 27 12 KLDO Univision Laredo kldotv.com - 27.4 19.4 - - KLDO LATV Laredo kldotv.com 33 33.1 51.1 - - XHLAT TV Azteca 7 Nuevo Laredo tvazteca.com 39 27.3 19.3 39 16 KXOF Fox/MyNet Laredo myfoxlaredo.com 45 - - - 15 XHNAT Multimedios Nuevo Laredo multimedios.tv 55 - - - 4 KNEX Azteca America Laredo aztecaamerica.com 57 11.2 25.2 - - XHLAR Televisa Nuevo Laredo - 68 - - - - KLMV-LP Religious Laredo klmv68.com Frequency Callsign Brand City of License Website 530 WPMQ285 TxDOT HAR Laredo - 790 XEFE La Mera Ley Nuevo Laredo - 890 KVOZ Radio Cristiana Laredo lanuevaradiocristiana.com 960 XEK La Grande Nuevo Laredo xek.com 1000 XENLT Radio Formula Nuevo Laredo radioformula.com 1090 XEWL W-Radio Nuevo Laredo wradio.com.mx 1300 KLAR Radio Poder Laredo feypoder.com 1340 XEBK exa FM Nuevo Laredo exafm.com.mx 1370 XEGNK Radio Mexicana Nuevo Laredo gruposiete.com 1410 XEAS Ke Buena Nuevo Laredo kebuena.com 1490 KLNT Radio Norteño Laredo - 1550 XENU La Rancherita Nuevo Laredo - 1610 WPMQ285 TxDOT HAR Laredo - Frequency Callsign Brand Format City of License Website 88.1 KHOY Catholic Radio Religious Laredo khoy.org 88.9 XHLDO Radio Tamaulipas Public Radio Nuevo Laredo tamaulipas.gob 89.9 KBNL Radio Manantial Religious Laredo [20410] 91.3 XHNOE Stereo 91.3 FM Spanish Contemporary Nuevo Laredo xhnoe.com 92.7 KJBZ Z93 Tejano Laredo Z93.com 94.1 XHTLN Imagen / RMX Laredo Talk / Contemporary Nuevo Laredo rmx.com.mx 94.9 KQUR The Works Mainstream Rock Laredo jammin949.com 95.7 XHBK Exa FM Spanish Contemporary Nuevo Laredo exanuevolaredo.com 96.5 NEW Tu Radio Norteño Nuevo Laredo - 97.1 XHNLO Multimedios Radio Spanish Contemporary Nuevo Laredo multimedios.com 98.1 KRRG Big Buck Country Country Laredo krrg.com 99.3 XHNK Digital Ecstasy Classic Hits Nuevo Laredo stjohnradio.com 100.5 KBDR La Ley Tejano Laredo 101.5 XHAS Ke Buena Norteño Nuevo Laredo kebuena.com 102.3 XHMW Los 40 Principales Spanish Pop Nuevo Laredo - 104.5 NEW La Más Pesada Norteño Nuevo Laredo lamaspesada.fm 104.9 XHNLR Radio UAT University Radio Nuevo Laredo radiouni.uat.mx 106.1 KNEX Hot 106.1 Urban / Rhythmic Top 40 Laredo hot1061.com 106.5 NEW La Tremenda Norteño Nuevo Laredo tremenda.com.mx 107.3 XHGTS Digital 107.3 Spanish Pop Nuevo Laredo - 162.55 WXK26 NOAA Weather Radio Weather Laredo -