This is a list of countries in Europe with their English and domestic language long and short names and associated capital cities.

The divisions between Asia and Europe occur at the Ural Mountains, Ural River and Caspian Sea in the east, the Caucasus Mountains and the Black Sea with its outlets, Bosporus and Dardanelles in the south. Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkey are considered part of both Europe and Asia. Armenia and Cyprus, which are entirely in Western Asia, are sociopolitically European countries.

Sovereign states (50)

A state is a political association with effective sovereignty over a geographic area. A state usually includes the set of institutions that claim the authority to make the rules that govern the exercise of coercive violence for the people of the society in that territory, though its status as a state often depends in part on being recognized by a number of other states as having internal and external sovereignty over it. In sociology, the state is normally identified with these institutions: in Max Weber's influential definition, it is that organization that has a "monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory," which may include the armed forces, civil service or state bureaucracy, courts, and police.

Albania—Azerbaijan

Flag	Map	English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
		Albania	Republic of Albania			Tirana
		Andorra	Principality of Andorra	Andorra		Andorra la Vella
		Armenia	Republic of Armenia	Armenian Transliteration: Hayastan/ Hayq	Armenian Transliteration: Hayastani Hanrapetutyun	Yerevan
		Austria	Republic of Austria			Vienna
		Azerbaijan	Republic of Azerbaijan			Baku

Belarus—Croatia

Flag	Map	English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
		Belarus	Republic of Belarus	Belarusian and Russian: Беларусь Belarusian and Russian Transliteration: Byelarus	Belarusian and Russian Transliteration: Respublika Byelarus	Minsk
		Belgium	Kingdom of Belgium			Brussels
		Bosnia and Herzegovina		Bosnian, Serbian Latin, Croatian: BiH, Bosna Serbian Cyrillic: БиХ, Босна	Bosnian, Serbian Latin, Croatian: Bosna i Hercegovina Serbian Cyrillic: Босна и Херцеговина	Sarajevo Bosnian, Serbian Latin, Croatian: Sarajevo Serbian Cyrillic: Сарајево
		Bulgaria	Republic of Bulgaria		Bulgarian Transliteration: Republika Balgariya	Sofia Bulgarian Transliteration: Sofiya
		Croatia	Republic of Croatia			Zagreb

Cyprus—Finland

Flag	Map	English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
		Cyprus	Republic of Cyprus	Greek Transliteration: Kýpros	Greek Transliteration: Kypriakí Dhimokratía	Nicosia
		Czechia	Czech Republic			Prague
		Denmark	Kingdom of Denmark			Copenhagen
		Estonia	Republic of Estonia			Tallinn
		Finland	Republic of Finland			Helsinki

France—Hungary

Flag	Map	English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
		France	French Republic			Paris
		Georgia	Republic of Georgia		Georgian Transliteration: Sakartvelo	Tbilisi
		Germany	Federal Republic of Germany			Berlin
		Greece	Hellenic Republic	Greek Transliteration: Ellada/ Ellas	Greek Transliteration: Elliniki Dimokratia	Athens Greek Transliteration: Athina
		Hungary	Republic of Hungary			Budapest

Iceland—Latvia

Flag	Map	English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
		Iceland	Republic of Iceland			Reykjavík
		Ireland	(see )		(see )	Dublin
		Italy	Italian Republic			Rome
		Kazakhstan	Republic of Kazakhstan	Kazakh Transliteration: Qazaqstan Russian Transliteration: Kazakhstán	Kazakh Transliteration: Qazaqstan Respublïkası Russian Transliteration: Respublika Kazakhstan	Astana
		Latvia	Republic of Latvia			Riga

Liechtenstein—Malta

Flag	Map	English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
		Liechtenstein	Principality of Liechtenstein			Vaduz
		Lithuania	Republic of Lithuania			Vilnius
		Luxembourg	Grand Duchy of Luxembourg			Luxembourg City
		Macedonia	Republic of Macedonia	Macedonian Transliteration: Makedonija	Macedonian Transliteration: Republika Makedonija	Skopje
		Malta	Republic of Malta			Valletta

Moldova—Norway

Flag	Map	English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
		Moldova	Republic of Moldova			Chisinau
		Monaco	Principality of Monaco	Monégasque: Múnegu	Monégasque: Principatu de Múnegu	Monaco
		Montenegro	Republic of Montenegro	Serbian Latin: Crna Gora Serbian Cyrillic: Црна Гора	Serbian Latin: Crna Gora Serbian Cyrillic: Црна Гора	Podgorica Serbian Cyrillic: Подгорица
		Netherlands	Kingdom of the Netherlands			Amsterdam (capital) The Hague (seat of government)
		Norway	Kingdom of Norway			Oslo

Poland—San Marino

Flag	Map	English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
		Poland	Republic of Poland			Warsaw
		Portugal	Portuguese Republic			Lisbon
		Romania				Bucharest
		Russia	Russian Federation	Russian Transliteration: Rossiya	Russian Transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya	Moscow Russian Transliteration: Moskva
		San Marino	Most Serene Republic of San Marino			City of San Marino

Serbia—Sweden

Flag	Map	English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
		Serbia	Republic of Serbia	Serbian Cyrilic: Србија Serbian Latin: Srbija	Serbian Cyrilic: Република Србија Serbian Latin: Republika Srbija	Belgrade Serbian Cyrilic: Београд Serbian Latin: Beograd
		Slovakia	Slovak Republic			Bratislava
		Slovenia	Republic of Slovenia			Ljubljana
		Spain	Kingdom of Spain			Madrid
		Sweden	Kingdom of Sweden			Stockholm

Switzerland—Vatican City

Flag	Map	English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
		Switzerland	Swiss Confederation			Bern or Berne Bernese German: Bärn
		Turkey	Republic of Turkey			Ankara
		Ukraine			Ukrainian Transliteration: Ukrayina / Ukraina	Kiev Ukrainian Transliteration: Kyiv
		United Kingdom also sometimes: Britain or Great Britain.	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland			London
		Vatican City Holy See	State of the Vatican City			Vatican City

Nonsovereign territories and regions (7)

Dependent territories and autonomous regions in Europe.

Åland—Gibraltar

Flag	Map	English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
		Åland	Åland Islands			Mariehamn
		Akrotiri & Dhekelia	Sovereign Base Areasof Akrotiri and Dhekelia			Episkopi Cantonment
		Faroe Islands				Torshavn
		Gibraltar	Gibraltar			Gibraltar

Guernsey—Jersey

Flag	Map	English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
		Guernsey	Bailiwick of Guernsey	Guernésiais: Guernesey	Guernésiais: Bailliage de Guernesey	St. Peter Port Guernésiais: Saint Pierre Port
		Isle of Man				Douglas
		Jersey	Bailiwick of Jersey	Jèrriais: Jèrri	Jèrriais: Bailliage de Jersey	St. Helier Jèrriais: Saint Hélyi

Partially recognised republics, territories and regions (4)

The following geo-political entities in Europe have partial diplomatic recognition by one or more sovereign states and are defined as 'states' by the declarative theory of statehood.

Flag	Map	English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
		Abkhazia		Abkhaz Transliteration: Apsny Georgian Transliteration: Apkhazeti or Abkhazeti Russian Transliteration: Abhazia		Sukhumi Abkhaz Transliteration: Akwa Georgian Transliteration: Sokhumi
		Kosovo	Republic of Kosovo	Serbian Cyrilic: Косово Serbian Latin: Kosovo	Serbian Cyrilic: Косово Serbian Latin: Kosovo	Pristina Serbian Cyrilic: Приштина Serbian Latin: Priština
		Northern Cyprus	Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus			Lefkoşa
		South Ossetia		Ossetic Transliteration: Khussar Iryston Georgian Transliteration: Samkhret Oseti Russian Transliteration: Yuzhnaya Osetiya		Tskhinvali Ossetic Transliteration: Chreba

Unrecognised republics, territories and regions (2)

The following geo-political entities in Europe lack diplomatic recognition, yet are defined as 'states' by the declarative theory of statehood.

Flag	Map	English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
		Nagorno-Karabakh	Nagorno-Karabakh Republic	Armenian Transliteration: Lernayin Gharabaghi	Armenian Transliteration: Lernayin Gharabaghi Hanrapetut’yun	Stepanakert Armenian Transliteration: Khankendi Azerbaijani Transliteration: Xankindi
		Transnistria Also: Trans-Dniester or Transdniestria or Pridnestrovie	Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic	Romanian Transliteration: Transnistria Russian Transliteration: Pridnestrov'ye Ukrainian Transliteration: Prydnistrov'ya	Romanian Transliteration: Republica Moldovenească Nistreană Russian Transliteration: Pridnestrovskaya Moldavskaya Respublika Ukrainian Transliteration: Pridnistrovs'ka Moldavs'ka Respublika	Tiraspol Russian and Ukrainian: Тирáсполь

Notes

See also

• Languages of the European Union
• International organisations in Europe

Other lists

• Lists of European countries:
  • by geographic area
  • by GDP
    • by GDP per capita
    • by GDP PPP
  • by population
• List of past countries in Europe