This is a list of official or otherwise noteworthy proposals for
dividing existing
U.S. states into
multiple states. It does not specifically address statewide or
other movements to secede from the United States. The word
secession can refer to political
separation at different levels of government organization, from
city to state to country; this list focuses on secession
from U.S. states
, particularly to form new U.S.
states.
Article IV of
the United States
Constitution provides for the creation of new states of the
Union
, requiring
that any such creation be approved by the legislature of the
affected state(s), as well as the United States Congress.
Since the
formation of the current Constitution, only two states have
technically seceded from another existing state: Maine
and West Virginia
. In the latter case, West Virginia formed
itself as the legitimate government of Virginia within the
Union, then essentially gave
itself permission to leave Virginia in order to avoid annexation by
the Confederacy.
Many cases of state secession attempts in U.S. history likewise
stem from internal state divisions over the formation of the
Confederate States of
America. While majorities of states may have voted to secede
and join the Confederacy, or remain in the Union, regional and
cultural ties, even in those years, moved portions of those states
to strongly favor the other side.
An earlier crop of state secession sentiments appear in the period
between the signing of the
Articles of Confederation in 1781,
and the signing of the
Constitution in 1789, often
related to internal differences in preference of one over the
other.
Alaska
- Though
technically not an attempt to secede from a bona fide state, in
1923, some persons in the Southeastern Division of the Territory of Alaska, headquartered at
Juneau
, openly agitated for a complete separation of and
statehood for the Southeast. This was actually in response
to some comments made by President Warren G. Harding on his visit to the region.
California
.svg/400px-California_county_map_(labeled).svg)
Present counties of California
There have been at least 27 attempts to split up the state of
California since it acquired statehood in 1850.Before statehood,
the
South strongly pushed for
a Southern state in
Southern
California below the
35th
parallel north; while the South reluctantly acceded to a
single, free state in the
Compromise
of 1850, proposals for division continued up to the Civil
War.
- In 1854, the California
State Assembly passed a plan to trisect the state. The southern counties as far north as
Monterey, Merced, and part of Mariposa
, then
sparsely populated but today containing two-thirds of California's
population, would become the State of Colorado
(the name Colorado was later adopted for another territory established in 1861),
and the northern counties of Del
Norte, Siskiyou, Modoc
, Humboldt, Trinity
, Shasta, Lassen, Tehama,
Plumas, and portions of Butte
, Colusa (which
included what is now Glenn
County
), and Mendocino
, a region which today has a population of little
more than half a million, would become the State of
Shasta.
- In 1859, the legislature and governor approved the Pico Act
splitting off the region south of the 36th parallel north as the
Territory of Colorado. However, owing to the
secession crisis in 1860, the proposal never came to a
Congressional vote and the Federal government has yet to act on
it.
- Since
as far back as the mid-19th century, the mountainous region of
northern California and parts of southwestern Oregon
have been
proposed as a separate state. In 1941, some counties in the
area ceremonially seceded, one day a week, from their respective
states as the State of Jefferson.
This movement disappeared after America's entry into World War II,
but the notion has been rekindled in recent years.
- In the late 19th century, there was serious talk in Sacramento
of splitting the state in two at the Tehachapi Mountains because of the
difficulty of transportation across the rugged range. The
discussion ended when it was determined that building a highway
over the mountains was feasible; this road later became the
Ridge Route.
- In 1992, State
Assemblyman Stan Statham sponsored
a bill to allow a referendum in each county on a partition into
three new states: North, Central, and South California. The
proposal passed in the State Assembly but died in the State Senate.
- A
proposal to make the Colorado River basin of easternmost California
(Imperial, parts of Riverside and San Bernardino) and three western
Arizona counties (Mohave, Yuma and La Paz) into a separate state
known as Riviera, with the possible state capital in
either Blythe,
California
or Yuma,
Arizona
, the region's most populous city.
- In early 2009, former State Assemblyman Bill Maze began lobbying to split thirteen coastal
counties, which usually vote Democratic, into a separate state to
be known as either "Coastal
California" or "Western California." Maze's primary reason for
wanting to split the state was because of how "conservatives don't
have a voice" and how Los Angeles and San Francisco "control the
state." The counties that would make up the new state
would be Marin
, Contra Costa
, Alameda
, San Francisco
, San Mateo
, Santa Clara
, Santa Cruz
, San Benito
, Monterey
, San Luis Obispo
, Santa Barbara
, Ventura
, and Los
Angeles Counties (San Luis Obispo and Ventura Counties vote
Republican more often than Democrat but are included for geographic
contiguity).
Colorado
- In
the mid-1930s, the Walsenburg World-Independent proposed
that Huerfano
County
secede from the state. This was a pet
project of Sam T. Taylor, sports editor, who went on to become a
long-serving state senator where he
also unsuccessfully pushed the idea.
Connecticut
Up until
1786, Connecticut
enforced a claim to land in Pennsylvania
, extending into the Wyoming Valley, that had been granted to the
state in its colonial charter. Connecticut formed
one county in this territory called Westmoreland County
(distinct from present-day Westmoreland
County, Pennsylvania
) and encouraged settlement by Connecticans.
Between 1752 and 1782, there were a series of armed conflicts
between Pennsylvanians and the Connecticut settlers, until Congress
declared the area to be part of Pennsylvania. In response to the
ruling in their favor, Pennsylvania annulled the voting and land
rights of the Connecticans and drove them out. In late 1784, the
ousted settlers returned in force, overtook
Fort Dickinson, and seceded the county from
both states as the
State of
Westmoreland.
To avoid civil war, Pennsylvania reversed
itself in 1786 and granted Pennsylvania citizenship and property
titles to the Connecticans, and Westmoreland agreed to be subsumed
into Pennsylvania as Luzerne County
.
Delaware
Prior to
the American Revolution, the three counties of Delaware were known
as the Lower Counties on the Delaware River, part of the Province of
Pennsylvania but with a separate tax structure and court
system. In 1776, after being granted "independence"
from Pennsylvania control, Delaware declared independence from
Great
Britain
as an outright state.
Georgia
Dade
County
, in the northwest corner, had no roads connecting
it to the rest of Georgia until 1939; the only ways to access Dade
County were through either Alabama or Tennessee. In the days
leading to the Civil War a local politician seceded Dade from the
state of Georgia, and thus the Union, rather than wait for Georgia
to secede. This created the Independent State of Dade. In 1939,
when the state of Georgia purchased land that would become
Cloudland Canyon State Park, the State of Dade finally became
connected to Georgia. In 1945 the State of Dade passed a resolution
"officially" rejoining Georgia and the Union over 80 years after
the end of the Civil War. The area is still known today as the
State of Dade.
Other calls for statehood for the Southern half of Georgia and
Atlantic coasts are lesser known.
Illinois
- In
1925, Cook
County
, which contains Chicago
, considered seceding from Illinois as a new state
named Chicago.
- In 1861, the southern region of Illinois, known as Little Egypt, made a proposal to
secede from the rest of Illinois due to cultural and political
differences from Chicago and much of Central and Northern Illinois.
- In the early 1970s residents of Forgottonia protested what they felt was a lack
of concern for its needs, sparking a secession proposal.
Kansas
- In 1992, a group in southwestern Kansas advocated the secession
of a number of counties in that region from the state. The group
was nominally headed by Don O. Concannon, a lawyer and former gubernatorial
candidate from Hugoton
. Various media reports indicated as few as
five or as many two dozen counties were involved in the movement.
The state was to be called "West Kansas", and early meetings
included proposals for official state bird (the pheasant) and state flower (the yucca). The proposal stemmed from state laws raising
the state property tax and shifting state education funding away
from rural school districts and into more urban areas, though the
secessionists' call was the fairly generic "Give us equality or set
us free." Though organizers arranged for a series of straw polls
that demonstrated widespread support for secession in at least nine
of the counties, the movement died out by the mid 1990s.
Kentucky
- In
the 1950s, Letcher County
threatened to secede from the state, demanding
better roads in the area.
Maine
Maine was initially part of the Commonwealth of
Massachusetts.
Politicians of Aroostook
County
have proposed spinning off the county as a new
state since the 1990s. As recently as 2005 the question has
been brought up before the state legislature. Proposed names for
this state include Aroostook, Acadia, and Maine (in the latter
case, the rest of the state would be renamed
North
Massachusetts).
Maryland
Three
times in the Maryland General
Assembly legislators have submitted a bill for the Eastern Shore of Maryland to secede
from the western half and join up with Delaware and two Virginia
counties with the Hampton
Roads
area, to form the State of Delmarva
or E. Virginia. The most recent was in 1998.
Massachusetts
- Maine, which is
not connected to Massachusetts by land, successfully seceded as a
new state in 1820.
- In
1977 a Martha's
Vineyard
Statehood Support Committee existed, promoting the
secession of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket
from Massachusetts
largely in response to redistricting which associated the islands
with Cape
Cod
. All three areas are known for their status
as oceanfront summer resort and vacation communities.
Michigan
- As the most geographically divided of the contiguous states,
Michigan's two peninsulas have evolved into two distinct and proud
regional identities. A few have called for the Upper
Peninsula
, along with
portions of Wisconsin and Minnesota to secede from the United
States, while others have proposed it become its own U.S.
state. A suggested name for such a state is
Superior (for Lake Superior
).
- On
several occasions after the Missouri
Compromise of 1820 it was proposed that, if certain territories
were to enter the Union as slave
states, such as Cuba
or
Kansas
, the Upper
Peninsula of Michigan would enter the Union as a Free State in
order to keep a balance in representatives in the Senate.
Minnesota
- On
July 13, 1977, the town of Kinney
in Northern
Minnesota announced its secession in hopes of receiving foreign
aid from the U.S. government. The new nation was called the
Republic of Kinney. The national
news story broke on February 7, 1978. To this day many in the town
still claim its independence.
- There
has been intermittent advocacy for the Arrowhead of Minnesota, the three northeast
counties of the state adjacent to Lake Superior, to join with
northwestern Wisconsin
and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan
to form a new state to be named "North Country" or
Superior, with Duluth
as its capital.
- It has occasionally been proposed to divide the state in two,
with the northern half being named Mesaba. There are often humorous
proposals for Minnesota to join Canada, stating that Minnesotans
have more in common with Canadians than Americans.
Missouri
- Southern and central Missouri was often in
the proposed state of Ozarkia to include northern and western
Arkansas
.
- Both
northern and eastern Missouri including St.
Louis
attempted state secession drives in the early
20th century.
Montana
- The
geographic, political, and sociological similarities of Western Montana and Northern Idaho have led some to suggest the
formation of a "State of Kootenai", a
proposed union of the six northern-most counties of Idaho
with the
six western-most counties of Montana
. The proposed state would have 524,888
residents, a larger population than Wyoming
.
- In
1939, a brief state secessionist movement proposed the
State of Absaroka to be
drawn in portions of Montana, with adjacent areas of Wyoming, Nebraska
and parts of North
and
South
Dakota
. The craze was reflected in state automobile
license plates bearing the name; the
only "Miss Absaroka" contest, held in that year; and a minor league
baseball team called the Absaroka (Rapid
City
) Eagles.
Nebraska
In the
1890s residents of the Nebraska
Panhandle tired of the state government's refusal to enact
water laws (like Wyoming had) to encourage irrigation into the area.
Area leaders threatened to secede from Nebraska and join Wyoming,
which finally prompted the state to enact the desired laws.
Nevada
With so
much disparity between Las Vegas
and Nevada's state capital, Carson
City
, 450 miles away, some have proposed splitting
Nevada into two or more states. One proposal has northern
Nevada linking with northern California, Southern Nevada splitting
away with other regional areas, and eastern Nevada becoming part of
Utah.
There has also been talk of the city of
Wendover,
Utah
merging with West Wendover, Nevada
to become Wendover, Nevada, due to tax and economic
divides.
New Hampshire
New Hampshire's history is dotted with various movements of
communities desiring to secede from the state.
- On the signing of the United States
Declaration of Independence, the state of New Hampshire hastily
enacted a state constitution. Dismayed at the lack of prudence, leaders of
Grafton
County
effectively seceded from the state by refusing to
pay state taxes and fees, and attempted to form a new state ("New
Connecticut") or merge with Vermont
.
- Between 1776 and 1781, numerous communities
along the Connecticut River (the border with Vermont), from
Lyman
to Newport
, expressed their stronger ties with the then
independent Republic of Vermont
and voted to join it instead. Eventually 36 towns had been
accepted by the Republic, but were still claimed by New Hampshire.
In the end, it was General George
Washington who settled the dispute, by threatening military
action if Vermont did not give up its claim to the towns. In
exchange, Vermont was accepted as a U.S. state.
- In
the 1830s, a portion of New Hampshire called the Republic of
Indian Stream
declared its independence in protest at being
claimed and taxed by both the United States and British
Canada. It maintained its own organised, elected government
for three years before being occupied by the New Hampshire Militia.
- In
2001, the communities of Newington
and Rye
considered seceding from the state in response to
the enactment of a uniform statewide property tax.
New Mexico
- The southern half of the state could become part of Trans-Pecos (West
Texas), a proposed state by local activists in the 1970s and
'80s.
- The
eastern half of the state known as Llano Estacado
wanted to join the proposed state of
Jefferson/Lincoln (North
Texas).
New York
Proposed map of an independent New
York City
- New York City has had proponents of its independent statehood
(and even nationhood) as far back as 1787. It has long been
commonly recognized that much of the upstate is of a different world than
ultra-urban NYC (NYC itself contains multiple counties and collects its own income tax). Such
proposals have been supported from the upstate side as well, as
some upstate residents also feel that voters in New York City
either ignore their economic woes or use their dominance in state
government to enact exploitative legislation that favors New York
City to the direct detriment of the upstate counties, such as
New York State Thruway tolls,
state regulated electric rates, water supply availability, garbage
disposal and laws perceived to be too
friendly to public service labor unions, and thus want to split
off into their own state as well. Further information on the
proposals can be found at New
York City secession.
- Long Island
residents have discussed becoming a new state, on
the grounds that their tax money gets sent to the state, yet the
money is not used to fund programs in their counties.
However, since part of New York City is on the island proper, this
is very unlikely to ever happen. Regardless, Long Island has a movement pushing for secession of the entire
geographic island (Kings, Queens, Nassau, and Suffolk counties)
from New York State or even the United States.
- In
the early 1980s, when Governor Mario
Cuomo proposed the creation of a second Temporary Commission to
Study the Future of the Adirondacks, several towns in northern
Warren
County
passed resolutions declaring their intention to
leave New York for Vermont, since the first Temporary Commission
had led to the creation of the Adirondack Park Agency, whose heavy hand in
enforcing its restrictive zoning code had been widely
resented. After Cuomo backed off, the proposals died.
New York City
New York City has existed in its current five-borough configuration
since the turn of the 20th century.
One of those five, Staten Island
, is connected to the rest of the city and state
only by one of
its four bridges
and the Staten
Island Ferry. After the U.S.
Supreme Court ruled in its 1989 Board of
Estimate of the City of New York v. Morris
decision that the city's
New York City Board of
Estimate was a violation of the constitutional principle of
one man, one vote, the borough's
residents began grumbling about seceding from the city, or even the
state, since as the least populous borough their political
influence in a more equitable setup would be diminished. Borough
residents, a more suburban and middle-class population than the
city as a whole, had long felt either ignored or slighted by the
rest of the city's population as well.
Upon taking office as
borough president, former congressman Guy
Molinari fired a mock cannon across Upper New
York Bay
at city government, signalling an intention to
secede from the city if the island's concerns were not addressed
somehow. So far the island has remained part of the
city.
Staten
Island's complaints also triggered some talk of secession in
Queens
, parts of which are demographically similar to
those on Staten Island. This, too, has not had any
results.
North Carolina
By 1789, the provisional government had collapsed, and in 1790
North Carolina's state government, tired of the upstart region,
relinquished it to the federal government, reverting the area to
part of
Ohio River Territory.
Six years later, part
of that territory, including former Franklin, became Tennessee
, with Sevier as governor.
Ohio
In 2005,
James B. McCarthy, the county executive of Summit
County
, which contains Akron
, publicly
advocated that his county (and the rest of Northeast Ohio) secede as a new
state.
Northeastern Ohio has a history of being distinct from the
remainder of the state, once known as "New Connecticut" and claimed
as the
Connecticut Western
Reserve.
Oklahoma
The
remote Oklahoma
Panhandle
has often cited the distant state government for
neglect, and support for secession as a new state has been
voiced. Alternate proposals have the region merging
with Texas
, as the
closest major city to the area is Amarillo
.
The ongoing state secessionist movement for
Eastern Oklahoma with Tulsa as its largest
city and possible state capital has resurfaced at times. One case
is the
State of Sequoyah
represented by the state's
Native American tribes
to be separate from the
Oklahoma
Territory but was rejected in favor of the state of Oklahoma in
1907.
Oregon
- In
the wake of controversy over the issue of same-sex marriage as
well as rifts with the rest of the state over tax laws and the flow
of capital funding, the secession of Multnomah
County
, which contains most of the city of Portland
, has been proposed in some local media.
- Some talk has also been made of Eastern Oregon following suit (and perhaps
merging) with Eastern Washington
were it to secede from its parent state (see Washington below). In both states distinct
political, geographic, and cultural divides exist on either side of
the Cascade Mountains. A more
formal movement was proposed in 2008.
Pennsylvania
In 1787 the residents of the
Wyoming
Valley attempted to secede from the state as the
State of Westmoreland. Before the
issue was decided, the state militia was mobilized to put down any
attempt to make good on the threat.
Rhode Island
- In
1790, the urban center of Providence
was frustrated with the state government's
reluctance to ratify the Constitution and join the United
States. In response, Providence threatened to secede and
ratify on its own as its own state. The threat finally compelled the state to
ratify by a narrow majority under the name of Rhode Island and the Providence
Plantations
.
- In
1984, angered over the state's refusal to enact noise pollution laws, the township of
New
Shoreham
, located on Block Island
, threatened to secede from the state.
Reportedly, both Massachusetts and Connecticut expressed interest in annexing the island.
The state compromised, giving the island ability to limit the sale
of noisy mopeds.
Texas
- While it would not technically constitute secession, it is
worth noting that under the joint resolution of Congress by which
the Republic of Texas was admitted
to the Union, it had the right to divide itself into as many as
five different states. It is not clear whether this provides any
power beyond that already provided by the Constitution. What is
clear is that the Texas
Legislature would have to approve any proposal to divide the
state using this prerogative. There were a significant number of
Texans who supported dividing the state in its early decades. They
were generally called divisionists. However, no state has
ever been allowed to secede from the Union.
Utah
- In
2002, the United States House of Representatives voted to allow
Wendover to leave the state and join Nevada
, merging with the city of West
Wendover. The opposition of Nevada Senator Harry Reid blocked the bill's consideration in
the Senate.
- In 2008, Joint Resolution 6 'Consenting to Creation of New
State Within Utah' was proposed by Representative Neal Hendrickson.
This
resolution called for "the creation of a separate state, consisting
of the southern portion of the present state of Utah with a
northern boundary stretching east and west across the present state
of Utah at the southern border of Utah County
". The bill died in committee in March
2008.
Vermont
The town
of Killington
has twice voted (March 2004 and March 2005) to
secede from Vermont and become part of the state of New
Hampshire
.
Because the town is not adjacent to the New Hampshire border, this
would create an
enclave.
A similar motion was
attempted in Winhall
, but was voted down. (See:
Killington, Vermont
secession movement.)
Virginia
- More recently, minor localities have grumbled over state
secession possibilities in response to various state government
decisions on both sides of the political spectrum.
- A minor proposal in more urban Northern Virginia is the area seceding
from the rest of the state due to tax flow issues and accusations
of neglect and being used by the state government for revenue.
Northern Virginia is not the most populous region of Virginia and
only contains 32% of the state's population but is widely seen as
more liberal than the rest of Virginia and more northeastern in culture.
Washington
- Over the latter half of the 20th century (and reportedly as far
back as 1889), the counties of Eastern Washington have occasionally
raised the possibility of splitting largely conservative and rural
Eastern Washington (and sometimes the Idaho Panhandle) away from urban and liberal
Western Washington. As recently
as 2005, this has been officially proposed in the state
legislature, amid the fallout of the 2004 governor's
election. Suggested names for such a state include East
Washington, Columbia, and Lincoln.
Washington, D.C.
The
District
of Columbia
is an insular federal
district separate from any state and under direct control of
the United States
Congress. Residents of the capital thus are not
permitted
voting
representation in Congress, nor do residents have complete
control over their
local
government. There has been a recurring movement since the 1960s
to make the District of Columbia into a state in order to permit
residents full voting representation in Congress and control over
local affairs. An alternate proposal is for Congress to return the
District of Columbia to the state of Maryland (a process known as
retrocession), as
was done with the Virginia portion of the District in 1846.
West Virginia
In 2002,
members of the western part of Mingo
County
petitioned the county to allow it to break off and
join Kentucky
on the other side of the Tug
River. Neither state has seriously considered the
request.
Wisconsin
- In
1967, the village of Winneconne
seceded from Wisconsin for one day to protest its
omission from the new state highway map.
- A
culture common to the northern counties of Wisconsin, together with Michigan's Upper Peninsula
and northeastern counties of Minnesota
that is not shared as strongly with the southern
portions of each state has resulted in considerations of forming a
state known as Superior. These have
not been taken very seriously, as most of the northern counties are
dependent on the southern parts of their states for funding.
- It is
often suggested around election times (sometimes humorously) that
Milwaukee
and/or Madison
should form their own state based on their
generally liberal politics and cultural
differences compared to the rest of Wisconsin. Similarly, Kenosha
County
is often (sometimes pejoratively) referred to as "Northern
Illinois" based on its status (as of the 2000 census) as a suburb
of Chicago. As such, suggestions are made that it should
permanently join Illinois.
Confederacy-related proposals
Alabama
According
to legend, upon the secession of Alabama
from the United States during the American Civil War, Winston
County
seceded from the state as the Republic
of Winston
, and pledged its alliance with the Union.
Today citizens of the county still refer to it as the Free State of
Winston, which drives the local tourist industry.
Arkansas
During
the Civil War, five counties, including Madison
County
and possibly Marion County
, voted against secession from the Union at the
second Arkansas Secession Convention. When called upon to
renege, four counties did, but Madison, represented by
Isaac Murphy, later the state's governor under
Reconstruction,
resisted. Men of his county fought for the North during the
war.
Georgia
In the
1850s many from Dade County, in the far northwestern corner of the state,
threatened to secede from Georgia (and the U.S.) if the state
itself did not secede.
Illinois
Shortly before the Civil War, southern Illinois considered seceding
from Illinois and joining the Confederacy; a proposed name for the
new state was
Little Egypt
after the region's local name. However, speeches by Union General
John A. Logan, a native of the region, convinced many
in the region to remain in the Union.
Louisiana
During
the Civil War, David Pierson, a young attorney, was elected to
represent Winn Parish in northwest
central Louisiana at the Secession Convention called by Governor
Thomas Overton Moore in
Baton
Rouge
in January 1861. Pierson voted against
secession in all votes taken and refused, along with several
others, to change his "no" vote at the end of the process when
asked to do so in order that the vote for secession be made
unanimous. This act of voting "no" has confused some into thinking
that
Winn Parish refused to secede from
the
Union and was a de
facto Union
enclave in the
Confederate state of Louisiana
called the
Free State of
Winn.
Mississippi
Local
legend has it that Jones County
, a haven for Confederate military deserters,
declared its independence from both countries. Most people
in the county had reservations about the strong central government
that the
Confederate
States of America instated and few if any in the county owned
slaves. Although some claim that these rumors turned out to be
completely false, the county did serve as a safe haven for
Confederate defectors such as
Newton
Knight. This event was inaccurately dramatized in the 1948
movie
Tap Roots.
Missouri
- During the Civil War, congressman Frank Blair urged St. Louis to secede from the state if it decided to join the
Confederacy.
- Around the same time, Callaway
County
proposed seceding from Missouri, but with the
opposite inclination. Callaway County is sometimes still
called "Kingdom of Callaway" and hosts an annual "Kingdom Days"
celebration. There is also a city named Kingdom
City
there.
Tennessee
- In
February 1861, in the early days of the Confederacy, the
Southern-sympathetic county of Franklin
petitioned the state to allow it to secede and join
Alabama which had recently seceded from the Union.
By June Tennessee had decided to secede as well, eliminating the
reason for Franklin to secede.
- Conversely, the more pro-Union East
Tennessee area disapproved of state secession and some proposed
seceding from Tennessee to rejoin the Union. Some, however, have
characterized this sentiment as mere contrarianism against the
sentiment of the western half.
- Scott County
in eastern Tennessee did officially pass a
proclamation during the Civil War to secede from Tennessee and form
the "Free and Independent State of Scott." In 1986 when it
was discovered that this county law was still on the books the
proclamation was finally repealed and Scott County actually
petitioned the state of Tennessee for readmission even though the
secession had never been recognized by either the state or federal
governments.
Virginia
- In
the early days of the Confederacy, Lunenburg
County
grew impatient that the state had not yet seceded
from the Union, and threatened to secede from Virginia itself,
possibly to join North
Carolina
.
- After Virginia did secede, the mountainous western half in turn
seceded from the state, which was at that point no longer a U.S.
state but a Confederate state, in 1861 as the legitimate Union
government of Virginia. In 1863, the area was admitted to the Union
as the state of West
Virginia.
See also
Notes
-
http://books.google.com/books?id=OEqiYRm-ohMC&pg=PA27&lpg=PA27
Two Californias: The Truth about the Split-state Movement
- http://books.google.com/books?id=WCMLAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA230
The Quarterly, Volumes 5-6 By Historical Society of Southern
California, Los Angeles County Pioneers of Southern
California.
- http://www.callawyer.com/story.cfm?eid=900573&evid=1
-
http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/08/17/IN81189.DTL
-
http://www.breakingviews.com/2009/05/21/California%20break-up.aspx?sg=features
- Downsize
California
- Colorado Central Magazine September 1999 Page
37
-
http://books.google.com/books?id=B-zGCbdV6i8C&pg=PT17&lpg=PT17&dq=westmoreland+connecticut+pennsylvania&source=bl&ots=Zausrdwg2t&sig=vtoSWhwTjWH-U1Cfch8ozGxa7nE&hl=en&ei=JFK5Sr_iL4P8sQPNv4Qm&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4#v=onepage&q=westmoreland%20connecticut%20pennsylvania&f=false
Connecticut's Pennsylvania "Colony" 1754-1810: Susquehanna Company
..., Volume 2 By Donna B. Munger
-
http://books.google.com/books?id=6yyQXl4LmdAC&pg=PA288&dq=delaware+lower+counties+pennsylvania&lr=&as_brr=3#v=onepage&q=delaware%20lower%20counties%20pennsylvania&f=false
The Bill of Rights and the States: The Colonial and Revolutionary
Origins of American Liberties by Patrick T. Conley
- http://roadsidegeorgia.com/county/dade.html Archives of Dade
County, editors of Roadside Georgia
- Lupton, John. "June 23 - 29, 2003". Illinois Political
Journal
-
http://books.google.com/books?id=qUFvyCs8CtUC&pg=PA61&dq=%22little+egypt%22+illinois+secession+1861&as_brr=3#v=onepage&q=%22little%20egypt%22%20illinois%20secession%201861&f=false
Tarnished eagles: The Court-Martial of Fifty Union Colonels and
Lieutenant Colonels Thomas Power Lowry
-
http://books.google.com/books?id=3NV6QTmv8BcC&pg=PA51&dq=forgottonia+illinois#v=onepage&q=forgottonia%20illinois&f=false
Declarations of Independence: Encyclopedia of American Autonomous
and Secessionist Movement, by James L. Erwin, p. 51
- We're outta here! - modern political secession
movements in the U.S - includes related article | Common Cause
Magazine | Find Articles at BNET.com
- The American Enterprise: Smaller Is
Beautifuller
- Bill calls for close look at secession
- See also: FreeMaine.org
- Academic Quest Puts Credibility on Line
(washingtonpost.com)
- Capital News Service wire feed
- The many lives of Frederick Douglass by James W.
Tuttleton
- Vineyard Gazette Online
- mnartists.org | The Free Republic of Duluth: At Last, Real
Candidates
- http://www.rangecities.com/cty/kinney.shtml
- A Divided Nebraska
-
http://groups.google.com/group/misc.transport.road/browse_thread/thread/1a78dcbde6a244c7/c58ae674399ce79d?lnk=st&q=&rnum=1#c58ae674399ce79d
- The Western Rebellion
- http://www.nhssar.org/TroublesomeGrants.pdf
- News
- Education Update - Spotlight On Schools
- Handley History, Genealogy
- 2005 February 08 | Brewed Fresh Daily
- portland imc - 2003.02.27 - People's Republic of
Multnomah? Let's Secede from Oregon, USA
- Federalist No. 6 Footnotes
- University of California at Davis Law Review
- http://www.davidyoungallen.com/noteshistory.html
- storypg
- Footnotes to History- U to Z
- Urban Legends Reference Pages: Texas Dividing into
Five States
- Texas Cities and Counties Name and Location
Confusion
- Utah Legislature HJR006
- [1]
- History
- Dade County, Georgia, History, Resources, Links, and
Events
- http://www.dadesentinel.com/092601-4.htm
- [2]
- seMissourian.com: Story: Kinder column
12/12/04
- [3]
- Upper South and Border States' secession
- http://www.scotttn.org/pages/history.html
References
, North
Coast, and Central Valley
, as well as the historic Shasta/Jefferson region, into their own
states.
: the San Luis Valley
in the 1950s , and Costilla County
in 1973 .
petitioned the state to allow it to join Virginia
(now West Virginia
from the state.
declared itself a territory (the McDonald Territory) for a brief period of
time in July 1961.
, Washington
, Sullivan
, and part of Hawkins
county, all of which were then part of North
Carolina
Wikis
Quiz
Map
Search
