Washington, D.C. has been the capital of the United States since 1800. Eight other cities have served as the meeting place for Congress and are therefore considered to have once been the capital of the United States. In addition, each of the 50 U.S. states and several territories of the United States maintains its own capital.

State capitals

In 33 of the 50 U.S. states, the state capital is not the state's most populous city. Only two of the state capitals, Trenton, New Jersey and Carson City, Nevada border another state, while Juneau, Alaska shares a border with the Canadian province of British Columbia. The dates listed in the following table indicate the year in which the city started to continuously serve as the state's sole capital.

State Capitals of the United States of America

State	Date of statehood	Capital	Capital since	Most populous city?	Municipal population	Metropolitan population	Notes
Alabama	1819	Montgomery	1846	No	200,127	469,268	Birmingham is the state's largest city.
Alaska	1959	Juneau	1906	No	30,987		Anchorage is the state's largest city. Only state capital to border another country.
Arizona	1912	Phoenix	1889	Yes	1,512,986	4,039,182	Phoenix is the most populous U.S. state capital.
Arkansas	1836	Little Rock	1821	Yes	204,370	652,834
California	1850	Sacramento	1854	No	467,343	2,136,604	The Supreme Court of California sits in San Francisco. Los Angeles is the state's largest city.
Colorado	1876	Denver	1867	Yes	566,974	2,408,750
Connecticut	1788	Hartford	1875	No	124,397	1,188,241	Bridgeport is the state's largest city, but Greater Hartford is the largest metro area.
Delaware	1787	Dover	1777	No	32,135		Wilmington is the state's largest city.
Florida	1845	Tallahassee	1824	No	168,979	336,501	Jacksonville is the largest city, and Miami has the largest metro area.
Georgia	1788	Atlanta	1868	Yes	486,411	5,138,223	Atlanta is the most populous state capital by metropolitan area.
Hawaii	1959	Honolulu	1845	Yes	377,357	909,863
Idaho	1890	Boise	1865	Yes	201,287	635,450
Illinois	1818	Springfield	1837	No	116,482	188,951	Chicago is the state's largest city.
Indiana	1816	Indianapolis	1825	Yes	791,926	1,984,664	In addition to being the second-largest state capital, Indianapolis is also the third largest city in the Midwest and the largest state capital east of the Mississippi River.
Iowa	1846	Des Moines	1857	Yes	209,124	625,384
Kansas	1861	Topeka	1856	No	122,327	228,894	Wichita is the state's largest city.
Kentucky	1792	Frankfort	1792	No	27,741	69,670	Louisville is the state's largest city.
Louisiana	1812	Baton Rouge	1880	No	224,097	751,965	New Orleans is the state's largest city and home to the Louisiana Supreme Court.
Maine	1820	Augusta	1832	No	18,560	117,114	Augusta was officially made the capital 1827, but the legislature did not sit there until 1832. Portland is the state's largest city.
Maryland	1788	Annapolis	1694	No	36,217		Annapolis is the third-longest serving capital in the United States after Santa Fe and Boston. Its capitol building is the oldest still in use. Baltimore is the state's largest city.
Massachusetts	1788	Boston	1630	Yes	590,763	4,455,217	Boston is the longest continuously serving capital in the United States. The Boston-Worcester-Manchester Combined Statistical Area encompasses the state capitals of Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island.
Michigan	1837	Lansing	1847	No	119,128	454,044	Lansing is the only state capital that is not also the county seat of the county in which it is situated. Detroit is the state's largest city.
Minnesota	1858	Saint Paul	1849	No	287,151	3,502,891	Minneapolis is the state's largest city; it and Saint Paul form the core of the state's largest metropolitan area.
Mississippi	1817	Jackson	1821	Yes	184,256	529,456
Missouri	1821	Jefferson City	1826	No	39,636	146,363	Kansas City is the state's largest city, and Greater St. Louis is the state's largest metropolitan area.
Montana	1889	Helena	1875	No	25,780	67,636	Billings is the state's largest city.
Nebraska	1867	Lincoln	1867	No	225,581	283,970	Omaha is the state's largest city.
Nevada	1864	Carson City	1861	No	57,701		Las Vegas is the state's largest city.
New Hampshire	1788	Concord	1808	No	42,221		Manchester is the state's largest city.
New Jersey	1787	Trenton	1784	No	84,639	367,605	Newark is the state's largest city.
New Mexico	1912	Santa Fe	1610	No	70,631	142,407	Santa Fe is the longest serving capital in the United States. El Paso del Norte served as the capital of the Santa Fe de Nuevo México colony-in-exile during the Pueblo Revolt of 1680-1692. Albuquerque is the state's largest city.
New York	1788	Albany	1797	No	95,993	1,147,850	New York City is the state's largest city.
North Carolina	1789	Raleigh	1794	No	380,173	1,635,974	Charlotte is the state's largest city.
North Dakota	1889	Bismarck	1883	No	55,533	101,138	Fargo is the state's largest city.
Ohio	1803	Columbus	1816	Yes	733,203	1,725,570	Columbus is Ohio's largest city but the Cleveland and Cincinnati metropolitan areas are both larger.
Oklahoma	1907	Oklahoma City	1910	Yes	541,500	1,266,445	Oklahoma City is the shortest serving current state capital in the United States.
Oregon	1859	Salem	1855	No	149,305	539,203	Portland is the state's largest city.
Pennsylvania	1786	Harrisburg	1812	No	48,950	384,600	Philadelphia is the state's largest city.
Rhode Island	1790	Providence	1900	Yes	176,862	1,612,989	Providence also served as the capital 1636-1686 and 1689-1776. It was one of five co-capitals 1776-1853, and one of two co-capitals 1853-1900.
South Carolina	1788	Columbia	1786	Yes	122,819	703,771
South Dakota	1889	Pierre	1889	No	13,876		Sioux Falls is the state's largest city.
Tennessee	1796	Nashville	1826	No	607,413	1,455,097	Memphis is the state's largest city, and Nashville is the largest metro area.
Texas	1845	Austin	1839	No	709,893	1,513,565	Houston is the state's largest city, and Dallas–Fort Worth is the largest metro area. It is the largest state capital that is not also state's largest city.
Utah	1896	Salt Lake City	1858	Yes	181,743	1,115,692
Vermont	1791	Montpelier	1805	No	8,035		Montpelier is the least populous U.S. state capital. Burlington is the state's largest city.
Virginia	1788	Richmond	1780	No	195,251	1,194,008	Virginia Beach is the state's largest city, and Northern Virginia is the state's largest metro area.
Washington	1889	Olympia	1853	No	42,514	234,670	Seattle is the state's largest city.
West Virginia	1863	Charleston	1885	Yes	52,700	305,526
Wisconsin	1848	Madison	1838	No	221,551	543,022	Milwaukee is the state's largest city.
Wyoming	1890	Cheyenne	1869	Yes	55,362	85,384

Insular area capitals

An insular area is a United States territory that is neither a part of one of the fifty states nor a part of the District of Columbia, the nation's federal district. Those insular areas with territorial capitals are listed below.

Capitals of United States Insular Areas

Insular area	Date	Capital	Notes
American Samoa	1899	Pago Pago	De facto capital of the Territory of American Samoa.
	1967	Fagatogo	Official seat of government stated in the territory's constitution.
Guam	1898	Hagåtña	Dededo is the area's largest village.
Northern Mariana Islands	1947	Saipan
Puerto Rico	1898	San Juan	The city of San Juan was originally called Puerto Rico while the island was called San Juan Bautista.
U.S. Virgin Islands	1917	Charlotte Amalie

Former national capitals

United States

From 1774 to 1800, Congress met in numerous locations; therefore, the following cities can be said to have once been the United States capital:

First Continental Congress

• Carpenters' Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: September 5, 1774 to October 24, 1774

Second Continental Congress

• Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: May 10, 1775 to December 12, 1776
• Henry Fite House, Baltimore, Maryland: December 20, 1776 to February 27, 1777
• Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: March 4, 1777 to September 18, 1777
• Court House, Lancaster, Pennsylvania: September 27, 1777 (one day)
• Court House, York, Pennsylvania: September 30, 1777 to June 27, 1778
• Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: July 2, 1778 to March 1, 1781

Articles of Confederation

• Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: March 1, 1781 to June 21, 1783
• Nassau Hall, Princeton, New Jersey: June 30, 1783 to November 4, 1783
• Maryland State House, Annapolis, Maryland: November 26, 1783 to August 19, 1784
• French Arms Tavern, Trenton, New Jersey: November 1, 1784 to December 24, 1784
• City Hall (Federal Hall), New York City, New York: January 11, 1785 to Autumn 1788

United States Constitution

• Federal Hall, New York City, New York: March 4, 1789 to December 5, 1790
• Congress Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: December 6, 1790 to May 14, 1800
• United States Capitol, Washington, D.C.: November 17, 1800 to present

Vermont Republic

Before joining the United States as the fourteenth state, Vermont was an independent republic known as the Vermont Republic. Two cities served as the capital of the Republic:

• Westminster, 1777
• Windsor, 1777–1791

The current capital of the State of Vermont is Montpelier.

Kingdom and Republic of Hawaii

Prior to becoming a territory of the United States in 1898, Hawaii was an independent nation. Three cities served as its capital:

• Kailua-Kona. Served as the capital of the Kingdom of Hawaii, 1795-1820.
• Lahaina. Served as the capital of the Kingdom of Hawaii, 1820–1845.
• Honolulu
  • Served as the capital of the Kingdom of Hawaii, 1845–January 17, 1893.
  • Served as the seat of the Provisional Government of Hawaii after the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii, January 17, 1893–July 4, 1894.
  • Served as the capital of the Republic of Hawaii when it was established on July 4, 1894 until the Republic was annexed by the United States on July 7, 1898 under the Newlands Resolution to become the Territory of Hawaii. On becoming a state, Honolulu became the capital of the State of Hawaii.

Republic of Texas

Before joining the United States under the Texas Annexation in 1845, Texas was an independent nation known as the Republic of Texas. Seven cities served as its capital:

• Washington (now Washington-on-the-Brazos), 1836
• Harrisburg, 1836
• Galveston, 1836
• Velasco, 1836
• West Columbia, 1836
• Houston, 1837–1839
• Austin, 1839–1845

Confederate States of America

The Confederate States of America had three capitals during its existence.

• Montgomery, Alabama, February 4, 1861 - May 29, 1861
• Richmond, Virginia, May 6, 1861 (declared) – April 3, 1865
• Danville, Virginia, April 3, 1865 - April 10, 1865

The Confederate constitutional convention was held in Montgomery, Alabama in December 1860 because it was the largest and most influential city in the geographic center of the original seven Confederate states (South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas) that planned to secede from the Union. The first Confederate capital was established on February 4, 1861 in Montgomery and remained there until it was moved to Richmond after Virginia joined the Confederacy on May 23, 1861. As the Army of Northern Virginia was pushed farther south and Richmond fell under the Federal guns in early 1865, the Confederate government fled using the only viable railroad line available on April 2, 1865 to Danville, Virginia.

The CSA state capitals remained the same as when each state seceded from the Union. Some of the capitals were moved temporarily in an effort to stay ahead of the advancing Federals. As Confederate areas were occupied, the U.S. Army established military districts to govern each area.

Following the surrender of General Lee's Army of Northern Virginia in Appomattox Court House, Virginia, which ended the American Civil War on April 9, 1865, the eleven southern states that seceded from the United States of America to create the Confederate States of America, gradually had their Senators and Representatives recognized and seated by Congress starting with Tennessee on July 24, 1866, then Arkansas on June 22, 1868, Louisiana, Florida, North Carolina and South Carolina on June 25, 1868, then Alabama on July 14, 1868, then Virginia on January 26, 1870, then Mississippi on February 23, 1870, then Texas on March 30, 1870 and finally Georgia on July 15, 1870.

There is some disagreement over whether this recognition by Congress is what determines the status of "statehood". The U.S. Supreme Court decision in Texas v. White raises questions on this point where the court ruled that Texas never left the Union, and essentially that once a territory is admitted and recognized as a state, it is in perpetuity a state in the Union. The court did allow some possibility of divisibility of the union "through revolution, or through consent of the States."

Unrecognized national capitals

There have been a handful of nations within the current borders of the United States which were never officially recognized as legally independent sovereign entities; however these nations did have de facto control over their respective regions during their existence.

State of Franklin

The State of Franklin was an autonomous, secessionist United States territory created, not long after the end of the American Revolution, from territory that later was ceded by North Carolina to the federal government. Franklin's territory later became part of the state of Tennessee. Franklin was never officially admitted into the Union of the United States and existed for only four years.

• Jonesborough, Tennessee, 1784-?
• Greeneville, Tennessee, 1785?-?

State of Muskogee

The State of Muskogee was a short-lived Native American state in Florida. It consisted of several tribes of Creeks and Seminoles. It existed from 1799 to 1803. It had one capital:

• Mikasuke, 1799-1803

Republic of West Florida

The Republic of West Florida was a short-lived republic consisting of parts of Louisiana, Mississippi, Florida and Alabama.

• St. Francisville, Louisiana, 1810

Republic of Indian Stream

The Republic of Indian Stream was an independent nation within the present state of New Hampshire.

• Pittsburg, New Hampshire, 1832-1835

Republic of the Rio Grande

The Republic of the Rio Grande was an independent nation including land now in Texas and Mexico.

• Laredo, Texas, January 7, 1840-January 28, 1840
• Guerrero, Tamaulipas, January 28, 1840-March 1840
• Victoria, Texas, March 1840-November 6, 1840

California Republic

Before being annexed by the United States in 1848 (following the Mexican–American War), a small portion of north-central California declared itself the California Republic, in an act of independence from Mexico, in 1846 (see Bear Flag Revolt). The republic only existed a month before it disbanded itself, to join the advancing American army and thereafter become part of the United States.

The very short-lived California Republic was never recognized by the United States, Mexico or any other nation. There was one de facto capital of the California Republic:

• Sonoma, 1846

Historic state capitals

Most of the original Thirteen Colonies had their capitals occupied or attacked by the British during the American Revolution. State governments operated where and as they could. The City of New York was occupied by British troops from 1776 to 1783. A similar situation occurred during the War of 1812, during the American Civil War in many Confederate states, and during the Pueblo Revolt of 1680-1692 in New Mexico.

Twenty-two state capitals have been a capital longer than their state has been a state, since they served as the capital of a predecessor territory, colony, or republic. Boston, Massachusetts, has been a capital city continuously since 1630, making it the longest-running U.S. capital. Santa Fe, New Mexico, has been a capital city the longest having become capital in 1610 and interrupted only by the Pueblo Revolt of 1680-1692.

The table below includes the following information:

1. The state, the year in which statehood was granted, and the state's current capital are shown in bold.
2. The year listed for each capital is the starting date; the ending date is the starting date for the successor unless otherwise indicated.
3. In many cases, former capital cities of current states are well outside the current state borders. These cities are indicated with the abbreviated name of the current state in which the city is located.

Historical State Capitals of the United States of America

State	Capital	Date	Notes
Alabama Statehood in 1819	San Agustín	1565	Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida.
	Savannah	1733	Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Georgia.
		1755	Capital of the British Province of Georgia.
		1776	Capitals of the State of Georgia.
	Augusta	1778
	Heard's Fort	1780
	Augusta	1781
	Savannah	1782
	Ebenezer	1782
	Savannah	1784
	Augusta	1786
	Louisville	1796
	Natchez	1798	Capitals of the Territory of Mississippi.
	Washington	1802
	St. Stephens	1817	Capital of the Territory of Alabama.
	Huntsville	1819	Capitals of the State of Alabama.
	Cahawba	1820
	Tuscaloosa	1826
	Montgomery	1846	Capital of the State of Alabama. (Capital of the Confederate States of America in 1861.)
Alaska Statehood in 1959	Novo-Arkhangelsk Sitka	1808	Capital of the Russian colony of Alaska.
		1867	Capital of the Department of Alaska.
		1900	Capitals of the District of Alaska.
	Juneau	1906
		1912	Capital of the Territory of Alaska.
		1959	Capital of the State of Alaska.
Arizona Statehood in 1912	Santa Fe	1848	Capital of the U.S. provisional government of New Mexico 1848-1850.
		1850	Capital of the U.S. Territory of New Mexico 1850-1912.
	Mesilla	1862	Capital of the Confederate Territory of Arizona (southern New Mexico and Arizona 1862).
	San Antonio	1862	Capital of the government-in-exile of the Confederate Territory of Arizona 1862-1865.
	Fort Whipple	1864	Capitals of the U.S. Territory of Arizona.
	Prescott	1864
	Tucson	1867
	Prescott	1877
	Phoenix	1889
		1912	Capital of the State of Arizona.
Arkansas Statehood in 1836	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri.
	Arkansas Post	1819	Capitals of the Territory of Arkansaw.The name Arkansas has been pronounced and spelled in a variety of fashions. The region was organized as the Territory of Arkansaw on July 4, 1819, but the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Arkansas on June 15, 1836. The name was historically , and several other variants. In 1881, the Arkansas General Assembly passed the following concurrent resolution (Arkansas Statutes, Title 1, Chapter 4, Section 105): Whereas, confusion of practice has arisen in the pronunciation of the name of our state and it is deemed important that the true pronunciation should be determined for use in oral official proceedings. And, whereas, the matter has been thoroughly investigated by the State Historical Society and the Eclectic Society of Little Rock, which have agreed upon the correct pronunciation as derived from history, and the early usage of the American immigrants. Be it therefore resolved by both houses of the General Assembly, that the only true pronunciation of the name of the state, in the opinion of this body, is that received by the French from the native Indians and committed to writing in the French word representing the sound. It should be pronounced in three (3) syllables, with the final "s" silent, the "a" in each syllable with the Italian sound, and the accent on the first and last syllables. The pronunciation with the accent on the second syllable with the sound of "a" in "man" and the sounding of the terminal "s" is an innovation to be discouraged. Citizens of the State of Kansas often pronounce the Arkansas River in a manner similar to the common pronunciation of the name of their state.
	Little Rock	1821
		1836	Capital of the State of Arkansas. (Washington was the Confederate state capital 1863-1865.)
California Statehood in 1850	Loreto	1770	Capitals of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España colonies of las Californias.
	Presidio Reál de San Carlos de Monterey Monterey	1777
		1804	Capital of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España province of Alta California.
		1821	Capital of the Mexican province of Alta California.
		1846	Capital of the U.S. military government of California.
		1849	Capital of the Provisional government of California.
	Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe San Jose	1850	Capitals of the State of California
	Vallejo	1852
	Benicia	1853
	Sacramento	1854
Colorado Statehood in 1876	Denver City	1859	Capitals of the extralegal Territory of Jefferson.
	Golden City	1860
	Denver City	1861	Capitals of the Territory of Colorado.
	Colorado City	1862
	Golden City	1862
	Denver City Denver	1867
		1876	Capital of the State of Colorado.
Connecticut Statehood in 1776	Fort Amsterdam	1625	Capital of the Netherlands colony of Nieuw-Nederland.
	Hartford	1639	Capital of the English Colony of Connecticut 1639-1686.
	New-Haven	1640	Capital of the English Colony of New-Haven until its merger into the Connecticut Colony in 1662.
	Boston	1686	Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America.
	Hartford	1689	Capital of the English Colony of Connecticut.
	Joint Capitals	1701	Hartford and New-Haven served as the "co-capitals" of the English Colony of Connecticut, with the Assembly holding its May session in Hartford and its October session in New-Haven.
		1707	Hartford and New-Haven joint capitals of the British Colony of Connecticut.
		1776	Hartford and New Haven joint capitals of the State of Connecticut.
	Hartford	1875	Capital of the State of Connecticut.
Delaware Statehood in 1776	Fort Kristina	1638	Capital of the Swedish colony of Nya Sverige.
	Fort Amsterdam Nieuw-Amsterdam New-York Nieuw-Oranje New-York	1655	Capital of the Netherlands province of Nieuw-Nederland.
		1664	Capital of the English Colony of New-York.
		1673	Capital of the Netherlands military government of Nieuw-Nederland.
		1674	Capital of the English Colony of New-York.
	Philadelphia	1682	Capital of the English Colony of Pennsylvania.
	New-Castle	1704	Capital of the English Lower Counties on the Delaware.
		1707	Capital of the British Lower Counties on the Delaware.
		1776	Capitals of the State of Delaware.
	Dover	1777
Florida Statehood in 1845	Fort de la Caroline	1564	Capital of the French colony of la Caroline 1564-1565.
	San Agustín St. Augustine	1565	Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida 1565-1763.
		1763	Capital of the British Colony of East Florida 1763-1783.
		1783	Capital of the Spanish colony of Florida Oriental 1783-1821.
	Santa María de Ochuse Pensacola	1763	Capital of the British Colony of West Florida 1763-1783.
		1783	Capital of the Spanish colony of Florida Occidental 1783-1821.
	Tallahassee	1824	Capital of the Territory of Florida.
		1845	Capital of the State of Florida.
Georgia Statehood in 1776	San Agustín	1565	Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida.
	Savannah	1733	Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Georgia.
		1755	Capital of the British Province of Georgia.
		1776	Capitals of the State of Georgia.
	Augusta	1778
	Heard's Fort	1780
	Augusta	1781
	Savannah	1782
	Ebenezer	1782
	Savannah	1784
	Augusta	1786
	Louisville	1796
	Milledgeville	1807
	Macon	1864
	Milledgeville	1865
	Atlanta	1868
Hawaii Statehood in 1959	Lahaina	1820	Capitals of the Kingdom of Hawaii.
	Honolulu	1845
		1894	Capital of the Republic of Hawaii.
		1898	Capital of the Territory of Hawaii.
		1959	Capital of the State of Hawai i.
Idaho Statehood in 1890	Fort Vancouver	1825	Capital de facto of the Oregon Country.
	Oregon City	1843	Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon in the Oregon Country.
		1848	Capitals of the Territory of Oregon (all of Idaho 1848-1853, southern Idaho 1853-1859.)
	Salem	1851
	Olympia	1853	Capital of the Territory of Washington (northern Idaho 1853-1859, all of Idaho 1859-1863.)
	Lewiston	1863	Capitals of the Territory of Idaho.
	Boise	1865
		1890	Capital of the State of Idaho.
Illinois Statehood in 1818	Marietta	1788	Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio.
	Vincennes	1800	Capital of the Territory of Indiana.
	Kaskaskia	1809	Capital of the Territory of Illinois.
		1818	Capitals of the State of Illinois.
	Vandalia	1820
	Springfield	1839
Indiana Statehood in 1816	Marietta	1788	Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio.
	Vincennes	1800	Capitals of the Territory of Indiana.
	Corydon	1813
		1816	Capitals of the State of Indiana.
	Indianapolis	1825
Iowa Statehood in 1846	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812-1821).
	Detroit	1834	Capital of the Territory of Michigan.
	Belmont	1836	Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin.
	Burlington	1837
		1838	Capitals of the Territory of Iowa.
	Iowa City	1841
		1846	Capitals of the State of Iowa.
	Des Moines	1857
Kansas Statehood in 1861	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812-1821).
	Pawnee	1855	Capital of the Territory of Kansas (July 2-July 6).
	Shawnee Mission	1855	Capital of the Territory of Kansas.
	Lecompton	1856	Capital de jure (pro-slavery) of the Territory of Kansas.
	Topeka		Capital de facto (anti-slavery) of the Territory of Kansas.
		1861	Capital of the State of Kansas.
Kentucky Statehood in 1792	Williamsburg	1699	Capital of the English Colony of Virginia.
		1707	Capital of the British Colony of Virginia.
		1776	Capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
	Richmond	1780
	Frankfort	1792	Capital of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. (Bowling Green was the Confederate state capital 1861-1862.)
Louisiana Statehood in 1812	San Agustín	1565	Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida.
	Mobile Bay	1702	Capitals of the French colony of la Louisiane.
	Biloxi	1720
	la Nouvelle-Orléans Nueva Orleans New Orleans	1722
		1763	Capital of the Spanish district of Baja Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Basse-Louisiane.
		1804	Capital of the Territory of Orleans.
		1812	Capitals of the State of Louisiana.
	Donaldsonville	1830
	New Orleans	1831
	Baton Rouge	1849
	Opelousas	1862
	Shreveport	1863
	New Orleans	1865
	Baton Rouge	1880
Maine Statehood in 1820	Île Sainte-Croix	1604	Capitals of the French colony of l'Acadie.
	Port-Royal	1605
	Boston	1630	Capital of the English Colony of Massachusetts Bay.
		1686	Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America.
		1689	Capital of the dissident Colony of Massachusetts Bay.
		1691	Capital of the English Province of Massachusetts Bay.
		1707	Capital of the British Province of Massachusetts Bay.
		1774	Capital of the dissident Province of Massachusetts Bay.
		1776	Capital of the State of Massachusetts Bay.
		1780	Capital of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
	Portland	1820	Capital of the State of Maine.
		1827	Capital de facto of the State of Maine.
	Augusta		Capital de jure of the State of Maine.
		1832	Capital of the State of Maine.
Maryland Statehood in 1776	St. Mary's City	1634	Capital of the English proprietary Colony of Maryland.
	Anne Arundel's Towne Annapolis	1694	Capital of the English Province of Maryland.
		1707	Capital of the British Province of Maryland.
		1776	Capital of the State of Maryland. (Capital of the United States of America 1783-1784.)
Massachusetts Statehood in 1776	Plimouth	1620	Capital of the English Colony of New-Plimouth 1620-1686.
	Boston	1630	Capital of the English Colony of Massachusetts Bay 1630-1686.
		1686	Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America 1686-1689.
	Plimouth	1688	Capital of the dissident Colony of New-Plimouth 1688-1692.
	Boston	1689	Capital of the dissident Colony of Massachusetts Bay 1689-1692.
		1692	Capital of the English Province of Massachusetts Bay.
		1707	Capital of the British Province of Massachusetts Bay.
		1774	Capital of the dissident Province of Massachusetts Bay.
		1776	Capital of the State of Massachusetts Bay.
		1780	Capital of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Michigan Statehood in 1837	Marietta	1788	Capitals of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio (all of Michigan 1788-1800, eastern Michigan 1800-1803.)
	Chillicothe	1800
	Vincennes		Capitals of the Territory of Indiana (western Michigan 1800-1803; all of Michigan 1803-1805, a portion of the Upper Peninsula 1805-1816.)
	Corydon	1813
	Detroit	1805	Capital of the Territory of Michigan (Lower Peninsula 1805-1818, all of Michigan 1818-1837.) (Detroit was occupied by British Armed Forces 1812-1813.)
		1837	Capitals of the State of Michigan.
	Lansing	1847
Minnesota Statehood in 1858	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana 1765-1800.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane (west of Mississippi River 1800-1804.)
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (west of Mississippi River under the authority of the Indiana Territory 1804-1805.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana (west of Mississippi River 1805-1812.)
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri (west of Mississippi River 1812-1821.)
	Marietta	1788	Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio (east of Mississippi River 1788-1800.)
	Vincennes	1800	Capital of the Territory of Indiana (east of Mississippi River 1800-1809.)
	Kaskaskia	1809	Capital of the Territory of Illinois (east of Mississippi River 1809-1818.)
	Detroit	1818	Capital of the Territory of Michigan (east of Mississippi River 1818-1834, all of Minnesota 1834-1836.)
	Belmont	1836	Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin.
	Burlington	1837
		1838	Capital of the Territory of Iowa (west of Mississippi River 1838-1841.)
	Madison		Capital of the Territory of Wisconsin (east of Mississippi River 1838-1848.)
	Iowa City	1841	Capital of the Territory of Iowa (west of Mississippi River 1841-1846.)
	Saint Paul	1849	Capital of the Territory of Minnesota.
		1858	Capital of the State of Minnesota.
Mississippi Statehood in 1817	San Agustín	1565	Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida.
	Savannah	1733	Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Georgia.
		1755	Capital of the British Province of Georgia.
		1776	Capitals of the State of Georgia.
	Augusta	1778
	Heard's Fort	1780
	Augusta	1781
	Savannah	1782
	Ebenezer	1782
	Savannah	1784
	Augusta	1786
	Louisville	1796
	Natchez	1798	Capitals of the Territory of Mississippi.
	Washington	1802
	Natchez	1817	Capitals of the State of Mississippi.
	Jackson	1821
Missouri Statehood in 1821	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri.
	Saint Charles	1821	Capitals of the State of Missouri. (A Confederate state government in exile operated from Neosho 1861-1863, and from Marshall, Texas, 1863-1865.)
	Jefferson City	1826
Montana Statehood in 1889	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana (east of Continental Divide 1763-1800.)
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane (east of Continental Divide 1800-1804.)
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (east of Continental Divide under the authority of the Indiana Territory 1804-1805.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana (east of Continental Divide 1805-1812.)
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri (east of Continental Divide 1812-1821.)
	Fort Vancouver	1825	Capital de facto of the Oregon Country (west of Continental Divide 1818-1843.)
	Oregon City	1843	Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon (west of Continental Divide 1843-1848.)
		1848	Capitals of the Territory of Oregon (west of Continental Divide 1848-1853.)
	Salem	1851
	Olympia	1853	Capital of the Territory of Washington (west of Continental Divide 1853-1863.)
	Omaha	1854	Capital of the Territory of Nebraska (east of Continental Divide 1854-1861.)
	Yankton	1861	Capital of the Territory of Dakota (east of Continental Divide 1861-1863.)
	Lewiston	1863	Capital of the Territory of Idaho.
	Bannack	1864	Capitals of the Territory of Montana.
	Virginia City	1865
	Helena	1875
		1889	Capital of the State of Montana.
Nebraska Statehood in 1867	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812-1821).
	Omaha	1854	Capitals of the Territory of Nebraska.
	Lancaster Lincoln	1867
		1867	Capital of the State of Nebraska.
Nevada Statehood in 1864	Fillmore	1850	Capitals of the Territory of Utah.
	Salt Lake City	1858
	Carson City	1861	Capital of the Territory of Nevada.
		1864	Capital of the State of Nevada.
New Hampshire Statehood in 1776	Boston	1630	Capital of the English Colony of Massachusetts Bay.
	Portsmouth	1680	Capital of the English Province of New Hampshire.
	Boston	1686	Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America.
	Portsmouth	1689	Capital of the dissident Province of New Hampshire.
		1691	Capital of the English Province of New Hampshire.
		1698	Capital of the English Province of New Hampshire under jurisdiction of the Royal Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay.
		1707	Capital of the British Province of New Hampshire under jurisdiction of the Royal Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay.
		1741	Capital of the British Province of New Hampshire.
	Exeter	1775	Capital of the Revolutionary War government of New Hampshire.
		1776	Capitals of the State of New Hampshire.
	Concord	1808
New Jersey Statehood in 1776	Fort Amsterdam	1625	Capital of the Netherlands colony of Nieuw-Nederland.
		1652	Capital of the Netherlands province of Nieuw-Nederland.
	Elizabethtown	1665	Capital of the English Province of New Jersey.
	Perth Amboy	1673	Capital of the English Province of East Jersey 1673-1688.
	Burlington		Capital of the English Province of West Jersey 1673-1688.
	Boston	1688	Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America 1688-1689.
	Perth Amboy	1689	Capital of the English Province of East Jersey 1689-1702.
	Burlington		Capital of the English Province of West Jersey 1689-1702.
	Joint Capitals	1702	East Jersey and West Jersey were re-united as the English Province of New Jersey in 1702. Perth Amboy and Burlington served jointly as the capital until 1784.
		1707	Joint capitals of the British Province of New Jersey.
		1776	Joint capitals of the State of New Jersey.
	Trenton	1784	Capital of the State of New Jersey. (Capital of the United States of America in 1784.)
New Mexico Statehood in 1912	San Juan de los Caballeros	1598	Capitals of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España colony of Santa Fe de Nuevo México.
	La Villa Real de la Santa Fé de San Francisco de Asís	1610
	El Paso del Norte	1680	Capital of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España colony-in-exile of Santa Fe de Nuevo México (Pueblo Revolt 1680-1692).
	La Villa Real de la Santa Fé de San Francisco de Asís Santa Fe	1692	Capital of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España colony of Santa Fe de Nuevo México.
		1821	Capital of the Mexican province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México.
		1824	Capital of the Mexican territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo México.
		1846	Capital of the U.S. military government of New Mexico 1846.
		1846	Capital of the U.S. provisional government of New Mexico 1846-1850.
		1850	Capital of the U.S. Territory of New Mexico 1850-1912.
	Mesilla	1862	Capital of the Confederate Territory of Arizona (southern New Mexico and Arizona 1862).
	San Antonio	1862	Capital of the government-in-exile of the Confederate Territory of Arizona 1862-1865.
	Santa Fe	1912	Capital of the State of New Mexico.
New York Statehood in 1776	Fort Amsterdam Nieuw-Amsterdam New-York Nieuw-Oranje New-York	1625	Capital of the Netherlands colony of Nieuw-Nederland (Novum Belgium).
		1652	Capital of the Netherlands province of Nieuw-Nederland.
		1664	Capital of the English Province of New York.
		1673	Capital of the Netherlands military government of Nieuw-Nederland.
		1674	Capital of the English Province of New York.
	Boston	1688	Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America.
	New-York	1689	Capital of the dissident government of New-York.
		1691	Capital of the English Province of New York.
		1707	Capital of the British Province of New York.
		1776	Capitals of the State of New York.
	Kingston	1777
	Hurley	1777
	Poughkeepsie	1777
	New York	1788	Capital of the State of New York. (Capital of the United States of America 1785–1788 and 1789–1790.)
	Albany	1797	Capital of the State of New York.
North Carolina Statehood in 1776	San Agustín	1565	Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida.
	Charlestown	1670	Capital of the English Province of Carolina.
		1707	Capital of the British Province of Carolina.
	New Bern	1712	Capital of the British Province of North Carolina.
		1776	Capitals of the State of North Carolina.
	Fayetteville	1789
	Raleigh	1794
North Dakota Statehood in 1889	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812-1821).
	Detroit	1834	Capital of the Territory of Michigan (east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1834-1836.)
	Belmont	1836	Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin (east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1836-1838.)
	Burlington	1837
		1838	Capitals of the Territory of Iowa (east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1838-1846.)
	Iowa City	1841
	Saint Paul	1849	Capital of the Territory of Minnesota (east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1849-1858.)
	Omaha	1854	Capital of the Territory of Nebraska (west of Missouri River or White Earth River 1854-1861.)
	Yankton	1861	Capitals of the Territory of Dakota.
	Bismarck	1883
		1889	Capital of the State of North Dakota.
Ohio Statehood in 1803	Marietta	1788	Capitals of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio.
	Chillicothe	1800
		1803	Capitals of the State of Ohio.
	Zanesville	1810
	Chillicothe	1812
	Columbus	1816
Oklahoma Statehood in 1907	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri.
	Arkansas Post	1819	Capitals of the Territory of Arkansaw (south of the parallel 36°30' north 1819-1824, southeastern Oklahoma 1824-1828.)
	Little Rock	1821
	Tahlequah	1838	Capital of the Cherokee Nation.
	Tuskahoma	1838	Capital of the Choctaw Nation.
	Tishomingo	1855	Capital of the Chickasaw Nation.
	Wewoka	1866	Capital of the Seminole Nation.
	Okmulgee	1867	Capital of the Creek Nation.
	Pawhuska	?	Capital of the Osage Nation.
	Guthrie	1889	Capital of the Territory of Oklahoma.
		1907	Capitals of the State of Oklahoma.
	Oklahoma City	1910
Oregon Statehood in 1859	Champoeg	1841	De facto Capital of the Oregon Country
	Oregon City	1843	Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon in the Oregon Country.
		1848	Capitals of the Territory of Oregon.
	Salem	1851
	Corvallis	1855
	Salem	1855
		1859	Capital of the State of Oregon.
Pennsylvania Statehood in 1776	Philadelphia	1682	Capital of the English proprietary Colony of Pennsylvania.
		1707	Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Pennsylvania.
		1776	Capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. (Capital of the United States of America 1776, 1777, 1778-1783, and 1790-1800.)
	Lancaster	1799	Capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. (Capital of the United States of America 1777.)
	Harrisburg	1812	Capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Rhode Island Statehood in 1776	Providence	1636	Capital of the English Colony of Providence 1636-1663.
	Portsmouth	1639	Capital of the English Colony of Aquidneck Island 1639-1644.
		1644	Capital of the English Colony of Rhode Island 1644-1663.
	Providence	1663	Capital of the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
	Boston	1686	Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America.
	Providence	1689	Capital of the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
		1707	Capital of the British Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
	Five Capitals	1776	From 1776 to 1853, the legislature of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations rotated among the county seats of the state's five counties: Providence, Newport, East Greenwich, South Kingstown, and Bristol.
	Joint Capitals	1854	From 1854 to 1899, the legislature of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations alternated sessions between Providence and Newport.
	Providence	1900	Capital of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
South Carolina Statehood in 1776	San Agustín	1565	Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida.
	Charlestown	1670	Capital of the English Province of Carolina.
		1707	Capital of the British Province of Carolina.
		1712	Capital of the British Province of South Carolina.
		1776	Capitals of the State of South Carolina.
	Columbia	1786
South Dakota Statehood in 1889	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812-1821).
	Detroit	1834	Capital of the Territory of Michigan (east of Missouri River 1834-1836.)
	Belmont	1836	Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin (east of Missouri River 1836-1838.)
	Burlington	1837
		1838	Capitals of the Territory of Iowa (east of Missouri River 1838-1846.)
	Iowa City	1841
	Saint Paul	1849	Capital of the Territory of Minnesota (east of Missouri River 1849-1858.)
	Omaha	1854	Capital of the Territory of Nebraska (west of Missouri River 1854-1861.)
	Yankton	1861	Capitals of the Territory of Dakota.
	Bismarck	1883
	Pierre	1889	Capital of the State of South Dakota.
Tennessee Statehood in 1796	New Bern	1712	Capital of the British Province of North Carolina.
		1776	Capital of the State of North Carolina.
	Rocky Mount	1790	Capitals of the Territory South of the River Ohio.
	White's Fort Knoxville	1791
		1796	Capital of the State of Tennessee.
	Kingston	1807	Capital of the State of Tennessee for one day in 1807 to fulfill treaty obligations with the Cherokee Nation.
	Knoxville	1807	Capitals of the State of Tennessee.
	Nashville	1812
	Knoxville	1817
	Murfreesboro	1818
	Nashville	1826
Texas Statehood in 1845	Los Adaes	1729	Capitals of the Spanish colony of Tejas.
	San Antonio de Béxar	1772
	Saltillo	1824	Capitals of the Mexican province of Coahuila y Tejas.
	Monclova	1833
	Washington	1836	Capitals of the Republic of Texas.
	Galveston	1836
	Harrisburgh	1836
	Velasco	1836
	Columbia	1836
	Houston	1837
	Austin	1839
		1845	Capital of the State of Texas.
Utah Statehood in 1896	Salt Lake City	1849	Capital of the extralegal State of Deseret.
	Fillmore	1850	Capitals of the Territory of Utah.
	Salt Lake City	1858
		1896	Capital of the State of Utah.
Vermont Statehood in 1791	Westminster	1777	Capitals of the Republic of New Connecticut.
	Windsor	1777
		1777	Capital of the Vermont Republic.
		1791	Capitals of the State of Vermont.
	Montpelier	1805
Virginia Statehood in 1776	Jamestown	1619	Capitals of the English Colony of Virginia.
	Middle Plantation Williamsburg	1698
		1707	Capital of the British Colony of Virginia.
		1776	Capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
	Richmond	1780	Capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia. (Capital of the Confederate States of America 1861-1865.) (A rival pro-Union state government operated from Wheeling 1861-1863 and from Alexandria 1863-1865.)
Washington Statehood in 1889	Oregon City	1843	Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon in the Oregon Country.
		1848	Capitals of the Territory of Oregon.
	Salem	1851
	Olympia	1853	Capital of the Territory of Washington.
		1889	Capital of the State of Washington.
West Virginia Statehood in 1863	Jamestown	1619	Capitals of the English Colony of Virginia.
	Middle Plantation Williamsburg	1698
		1707	Capital of the British Colony of Virginia.
		1776	Capitals of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
	Richmond	1780
	Wheeling	1861	Capital of the rival pro-Union government of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
		1863	Capitals of the State of West Virginia.
	Charleston	1870
	Wheeling	1875
	Charleston	1885
Wisconsin Statehood in 1848	Marietta	1788	Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio.
	Vincennes	1800	Capital of the Territory of Indiana.
	Kaskaskia	1809	Capital of the Territory of Illinois.
	Detroit	1818	Capital of the Territory of Michigan.
	Belmont	1836	Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin.
	Burlington	1837
	Madison	1838
		1848	Capital of the State of Wisconsin.
Wyoming Statehood in 1890	Lewiston	1863	Capital of the Territory of Idaho.
	Yankton	1864	Capital of the Territory of Dakota.
	Cheyenne	1869	Capital of the Territory of Wyoming.
		1890	Capital of the State of Wyoming.

See also

• Historic regions of the United States
• History of the United States
• List of countries with multiple capitals
• List of former national capitals
• Outline of United States history
• Political divisions of the United States
• Territorial evolution of the United States
• Timeline of country and capital changes

Notes

 Even though the urbanized area of Carson City is about   from the California border, the larger Consolidated Municipality of Carson City does form part of the Nevada state border. Similarly, the City and Borough of Juneau extends eastward to British Columbia, although the urbanized area of Juneau is about   from the Canadian border. See:[34329]

 Congress was forced to move from Philadelphia due to a riot of angry soldiers. See: Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783

 President James Madison fled to the home of Caleb Bentley in Brookeville, Maryland following the burning of Washington on August 24–25, 1814. As such, the town claims to have been the "U.S. Capital for a Day" despite the fact that Congress never met there. See:

References

1. The Nine Capitals of the United States. United States Senate Historical Office. Accessed June 9, 2005. Based on Fortenbaugh, Robert, The Nine Capitals of the United States, York, PA: Maple Press, 1948.
2. Aleksandar Pavković, Peter Radan, Creating New States: Theory and Practice of Secession, p. 222, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2007.
3. Texas v. White, 74 U.S. 700 (1868) at Cornell University Law School Supreme Court collection.
4. The State of Muskogee, State Flags of Florida, Cultural, Historical and Information Programs, Office of Cultural and Historical Programs website, Florida Department of State, Government of Florida, retrieved October 31, 2007.
5. Capitals of Alabama. Alabama Department of Archives and History. Updated October 29, 2001. Accessed June 9, 2005.
6. Frequently Asked Questions About Alaska. Statewide Library Electronic Doorway. Updated September 21, 2004. Accessed June 9, 2005; based on Alaska Blue Book 1993-94, 11th ed., Juneau, Department of Education, Division of State Libraries, Archives & Museums. ExploreNorth: The History of Sitka. Department of Community and Economic Development, Alaska Community Database Online. Accessed June 9, 2005.
7. Capitals before the Capitol. Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records. Accessed June 9, 2005.
8. Educational Materials: Facts. Arkansas Secretary of State. Accessed June 9, 2005. Washington State Park 19th century village in SW Arkansas. Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism, Confederate Capital Old Division of State Parks. 2003. Accessed June 9, 2005.
9. Early Capitol and Legislative Assembly Locations Colorado State Archives, Colorado State Capitol Virtual Tour. Updated June 20, 2003. Accessed June 9, 2005.
10. Florida State History. Florida Division of Historical Resources.
11. The Spanish name la Florida originally referred to all of the American continent north of Mexico. As other European nations colonized North America, the extent of la Florida shrank to encompass only the Spanish territorial claims in the southeastern portion of the present United States.
12. Jackson, Edwin L. Story of Georgia's Capitols and Capital Cities. Carl Vinson Institute of Government. University of Georgia. 1988
13. Chronological History of Idaho. Idaho Office of the Governor. Created 2000. Accessed June 9, 2005.
14. Past Capitols; based on Illinois Bluebook, 1975-1976. Created March 5, 2005. Accessed June 10, 2005.
15. Sabin, Henry. Making of Iowa, chapter 24: Locating a Capital. Originally published 1900 by A. Flanagan Co. of Chicago and New York; published online by Iowa History Project, posted August 25, 2004. Accessed June 10, 2005.
16. Harding, Eldon. Stories from the Kansas State Capital: Choosing a Capital City--Why Topeka?. Kansas State Historical Society. April 2001. Accessed June 10, 2005.
17. Kentucky's State Capitols. Kentucky Department for Libraries and Archives. Accessed July 24, 2006.
18. Note: The Louisiana Capitals information may be incorrect or incomplete. See http://www.state.la.us/about_history2.htm and elsewhere.
19. Students Questions Frequently Ask. Maine State Senate. Accessed June 10, 2005.
20. Historical Chronology. Maryland State Archives. Accessed July 24, 2006.
21. Michigan in Brief State of Michigan. Updated March 7, 2005. Accessed June 10, 2005.
22. Saint Paul's 150th birthday. City of Saint Paul, Minnesota. Accessed June 9, 2005.
23. Bunn, Mike and Clay Williams, Capitals and Capitols: The Places and Spaces of Mississippi's Seat of Government. Mississippi History Now. Mississippi Historical Society Online. Posted September 2003. Accessed June 10, 2005.
24. Lambert, Kirby. Montana's crown jewel of architecture: The Montana state capitol Montana: The Magazine of Western History, Montana Historical Society. Summer 2002. Accessed June 10, 2005.
25. Rocha, Guy Nevada State Archives Historical Myth a Month: Myth #28, Las Vegas: Nevada's Next State Capital. Updated July 14, 2003. Accessed June 9, 2005; originally published as Sierra Sage, Carson City/Carson Valley, Nevada. May 1998 edition.
26. New Hampshire Senate Page For Kids. New Hampshire General Court. Accessed June 9, 2005. New Hampshire History in Brief. New Hampshire Division of Historical Resources. Created 1989. Accessed June 9, 2005.
27. Oregon Legislative Assembly History. Oregon State Archives. Accessed July 24, 2006.
28. The History of Pennsylvania's Capital. Pennsylvania Department of Education. Accessed July 24, 2006.
29. Capital Cities. Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. 2002. Accessed March 12, 2006.
30. Early History of Montpelier, Vermont. Vermont Historical Society. Accessed June 9, 2005; adapted from Esther Munroe Swift, Vermont Place-Names: Footprints of History, 1977, 1996, and Montpelier Heritage Group, Three Walking Tours of Montpelier, Vt., 1991.
31. About Our Capital. Virginia General Assembly. Accessed July 20, 2006.
32. The History of Olympia. City of Olympia. Accessed June 9, 2005.
33. Cravens, Stanley H. "Capitals and Capitols in Early Wisconsin". Wisconsin Blue Book, 1983-1984 edition.
34. Saban, Mary Thompson, Wyoming Sage: Brief History of Wyoming. Updated January 17, 2004. Accessed June 10, 2005.

External links

• Capitals of Alabama
• Florida Facts - The Capitol
• The Capitalization of Georgia
• The State Houses of Louisiana
• Las Vegas: Nevada's Next State Capital?
• New Hampshire Senate for Kids - Capitals
• Handbook of Texas Online – Capitals
• Colonial Capitals of the Dominion of Virginia
• Utah History To Go - Utah's Capitols
• Satellite and Aerial Photography of All US Capitol Buildings from SightseeBySpace.com