This is a list of countries ranked by greenhouse-gas emissions per capita in 2000. It is based on data for carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, perfluorocarbon, hydrofluorocarbon and sulfur hexafluoride emissions compiled by the World Resources Institute (WRI) from a variety of sources, including CDIAC and the US Environmental Protection Agency. Bunker-fuel emissions are not included.

Two sets of per capita emissions are given, one with an estimate of the effects of land-use change (for example, cutting down forests) and one without. The former is based on regional estimates in Houghton (2003). Difficulties with determining rates of deforestation and the magnitude of carbon stocks held by the remaining forests and with distributing regional carbon fluxes among individual countries mean that the land-use change components have a large margin of error, perhaps as large as +/-150% in some cases. They are included here because, although difficult to quantify accurately at a country level, land-use change is a significant contributor to global warming. The WRI estimates that it accounted for almost a fifth of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in 2000. For 2005 the data for a large number of countries only includes CO₂ emissions (see note 12.)

List of countries by emissions

Per capita greenhouse gas emissions in 2000

Rank in 2000 with land-use change	Rank in 2000 without land-use change	Rank in 2005 without land-use change	Country	Year 2000 Tonnes of CO2e with land-use change	Year 2000 Tonnes of CO2e without land-use change	Year 2005 Tonnes of CO2e without land-use change
1	51	98	Belize11,12	93.9	8.4	2.8
2	1	1	Qatar12	54.7	54.7	55.5
3	76	113	Guyana12	52.5	5.6	2.0
4	64	67	Malaysia12	37.2	6.8	5.7
5	2	2	United Arab Emirates1	36.8	36.8	38.8
6	3	3	Kuwait	30.4	30.4	35.0
7	154	147	Papua New Guinea2,12,	29.2	1.7	0.7
8	4	15	Brunei1,12	25.9	25.9	13.9
9	5	5	Australia	25.9	25.6	26.9
10	6	78	Antigua & Barbuda1,12	25.3	25.3	5.1
11	119	165	Zambia12	24.6	2.6	0.2
12	9	8	Canada	24.3	22.2	22.6
13	8	6	Bahrain 12	23.9	23.9	25.4
14	7	7	USA3	22.9	24.3	23.5
15	10	9	Trinidad & Tobago1,12	22.1	22.1	19.6
16	11	4	Luxembourg1	21.2	21.2	27.5
17	102	118	Panama12	19.7	3.6	1.9
18	12	11	New Zealand	19.3	18.5	18.8
19	14	14	Estonia	18.2	16.6	14.4
20	68	105	Botswana12	17.8	6.5	2.3
21	13	12	Ireland	16.8	17.3	16.7
22	15	13	Saudi Arabia	16.5	16.5	16.2
23	41	43	Venezuela	15.8	9.9	10.0
24	123	101	Indonesia	14.9	2.4	2.7
25	89	61	Bolivia	14.8	4.7	6.9
26	90	62	Equatorial Guinea12	14.5	4.6	6.7
27	16	19	Belgium1	14.3	14.3	13.2
28	17	10	Turkmenistan1	14.2	14.2	18.9
29	18	32	Singapore	14.1	14.1	11.3
30	19	17	Czech Republic	13.9	13.9	13.7
31	173	174	Liberia 12	13.9	1.0	0.1
32	20	16	Netherlands4	13.5	13.5	13.8
33	22	18	Russia	13.5	13.1	13.7
34	121	145	Nicaragua 12	13.4	2.5	0.8
35	21	20	Finland	13.1	13.3	13.0
36	23	23	Oman 12	12.9	12.9	12
37	24	69	Palau1,12	12.8	12.8	5.7
38	87	74	Brazil	12.8	4.9	5.4
39	25	27	Denmark5	12.5	12.5	11.5
40	26	25	Germany	12.3	12.3	11.9
41	30	24	Mongolia	11.8	11.6	11.9
42	28	28	Israel	11.8	11.8	11.5
43	29	35	Nauru1,12	11.7	11.7	11.0
44	27	33	Norway	11.4	12.1	11.2
45	32	31	South Korea	11.1	11.0	11.4
46	33	22	Kazakhstan1	11.0	11.0	12.7
47	34	36	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	11.0	11.0	10.6
48	36	52	Libya12	10.8	10.6	8.3
49	31	29	Greece	10.8	11.0	11.5
50	35	37	Japan	10.7	10.7	10.5
51	151	110	Myanmar	10.7	1.7	2.2
52	37	26	Taiwan12	10.6	10.6	11.8
53	38	38	Cyprus12	10.3	10.2	10.5
54	43	42	Slovenia	10.2	9.7	10.1
55	73	123	Cambodia	10.2	5.8	1.6
56	39	30	Austria	10.0	10.1	11.5
57	40	34	Iceland1	10.0	10.0	11.1
58	115	99	Peru	9.9	2.7	2.8
59	69	151	Paraguay12	9.9	6.1	0.6
60	42	40	Ukraine1	9.8	9.8	10.3
61	44	44	Poland	9.6	9.6	9.8
62	45	48	South Africa	9.5	9.5	9.0
63	53	53	Argentina	9.3	7.8	8.2
64	49	46	Slovakia	9.3	8.7	9.3
65	46	41	Spain6	9.2	9.4	10.1
66	47	45	Italy7	9.2	9.2	9.7
67	56	181	Central African Republic12	9.0	6.7	0.1
68	48	47	France8	8.7	8.8	9.0
69	50	75	Suriname12	8.6	8.6	5.3
70	52	50	Belarus	8.6	8.0	8.5
71	78	90	Gabon12	8.4	5.5	3.7
72	104	91	Ecuador	8.2	3.4	3.3
73	125	156	Cameroon12	7.6	2.4	0.4
74	57	54	Iran	7.6	7.5	8.2
75	136	159	Côte d'Ivoire12	7.5	2.0	0.4
76	58	56	Sweden	7.5	7.5	7.4
77	60	58	Seychelles1,2,12	7.4	7.4	7.0
78	126	142	Guatemala12	7.4	2.4	0.9
79	55	49	Bulgaria	7.4	7.7	8.6
80	61	80	Serbia & Montenegro12	7.4	7.4	4.8
81	59	51	Hungary	7.4	7.4	8.3
82	174	125	Congo, Dem. Rep.	7.4	1.0	1.6
83	62	59	Uzbekistan1,12	7.3	7.3	6.9
84	54	55	Portugal9	7.2	7.8	7.9
85	63	57	Switzerland10	7.1	7.2	7.3
86	65	70	Azerbaijan	6.8	6.8	5.6
87	79	134	Angola12	6.7	5.4	1.3
88	57	64	Bahamas12	6.6	6.6	6.5
89	162	160	Benin12	6.5	1.4	0.3
90	116	146	Zimbabwe12	6.5	2.7	0.8
91	142	93	Laos	6.4	1.9	3.1
92	80	65	Mexico	6.4	5.4	6.1
93	164	130	Nepal	6.3	1.3	1.5
94	100	88	Colombia	6.3	3.8	3.9
95	85	133	Namibia12	6.3	5.1	1.4
96	81	77	Chile	6.3	5.3	5.1
97	70	63	Malta12	6.1	6.1	6.5
98	109	132	Congo, Rep.2,12	6.0	3.2	1.4
99	128	171	Madagascar12	6.0	2.3	0.2
100	71	60	Croatia	5.9	6.0	6.9
101	88	89	Jamaica12	5.9	4.8	3.8
102	72	76	Macedonia1	5.8	5.8	5.2
103	74	83	Barbados1,12	5.8	5.8	4.5
104	96	82	Latvia	5.7	4.0	4.6
105	75	153	Mauritania1,12	5.6	5.6	0.6
106	82	73	Turkey	5.6	5.3	5.5
107	77	66	Romania	5.5	5.5	6.1
108	92	68	Lithuania	5.4	4.5	5.7
109	112	131	Costa Rica12	5.4	2.8	1.5
110	83	84	Lebanon	5.3	5.2	4.4
111	84	79	North Korea	5.2	5.1	5.0
112	93	71	Thailand	5.1	4.3	5.6
113	86	86	Jordan	4.9	4.9	4.2
114	138	136	Honduras12	4.7	2.0	1.1
115	101	162	Sudan12	4.6	3.7	0.3
116	91	85	Bosnia & Herzegovina12	4.5	4.5	4.3
117	95	87	Algeria	4.2	4.2	4.2
118	94	81	Iraq	4.2	4.2	4.6
119	166	169	Sierra Leone12	4.2	1.2	0.2
120	98	102	Syria12	4.0	4.0	2.7
121	99	72	China	3.9	3.9	5.5
122	106	106	Tunisia12	3.7	3.3	2.3
123	103	116	Dominican Republic12	3.5	3.5	1.9
124	105	97	St Kitts & Nevis1,12	3.3	3.3	2.8
125	155	112	Nigeria	3.3	1.6	2.1
126	110	114	Fiji2,12	3.3	3.1	2.0
127	139	170	Guinea12	3.2	2.0	0.2
128	107	100	Mauritius1,12	3.2	3.2	2.7
129	97	109	Cuba12	3.1	4.0	2.2
130	161	164	Togo12	3.1	1.5	0.2
131	111	155	Vanuatu12	3.0	2.9	0.4
132	152	122	Philippines	3.0	1.7	1.7
133	182	179	Malawi12	3.0	0.6	0.1
134	130	183	Mali12	2.9	2.2	0.0
135	124	186	Chad12	2.9	2.4	0.0
136	165	149	Sri Lanka12	2.8	1.3	0.7
137	169	137	Uganda	2.7	1.1	1.1
138	113	126	Dominica1,12	2.7	2.7	1.6
139	114	107	St Lucia1,12	2.7	2.7	2.2
140	117	94	Egypt	2.6	2.6	3.0
141	118	121	Niue1,2,12	2.6	2.6	1.7
142	167	158	Ghana12	2.6	1.2	0.4
143	120	92	Moldova1	2.5	2.5	3.2
144	122	108	Grenada1,12	2.5	2.5	2.2
145	148	138	El Salvador12	2.4	1.8	1.0
146	159	168	Guinea-Bissau12	2.4	1.6	0.2
147	140	175	Tanzania12	2.4	1.9	0.1
148	127	154	Djibouti12	2.4	2.4	0.5
149	135	128	Pakistan	2.3	2.1	1.5
150	131	144	Samoa2,12	2.3	2.2	0.8
151	129	135	Tonga12	2.3	2.3	1.2
152	134	127	Morocco12	2.2	2.1	1.6
153	147	119	Senegal	2.2	1.8	1.8
154	144	96	Albania	2.2	1.9	2.9
155	132	115	Georgia1	2.2	2.2	2.0
156	133	103	Armenia1	2.1	2.1	2.5
157	137	124	St Vincent & Grenadines1,12	2.0	2.0	1.6
158	158	161	Kenya12	2.0	1.6	0.3
159	141	104	Maldives1,12	1.9	1.9	2.4
160	143	117	Kyrgyzstan	1.9	1.9	1.9
161	145	182	Burkina Faso12	1.9	1.9	0.1
162	146	120	India	1.8	1.9	1.7
163	149	95	Cook Islands2,12	1.8	1.7	2.9
164	150	150	Bhutan12	1.7	1.7	0.6
165	157	141	Yemen12	1.6	1.6	0.9
166	156	129	Tajikistan1	1.6	1.6	0.5
167	170	177	Mozambique12	1.6	1.1	0.1
168	181	180	Rwanda12	1.6	0.7	0.1
169	185	184	Burundi12	1.6	0.4	0.0
170	160	171	Lesotho12	1.5	1.5	0.1
171	108	143	Swaziland12	1.5	3.2	0.8
172	163	173	Eritrea1,12	1.4	1.4	0.1
173	168	166	Haiti12	1.4	1.2	0.2
174	179	157	Solomon Islands12	1.1	0.8	0.4
175	153	111	Vietnam	1.1	1.7	2.1
176	172	152	Cape Verde1,12	1.1	1.1	0.6
177	176	178	Niger12	1.1	1.0	0.1
178	178	139	Ethiopia	1.1	0.9	1.0
179	175	148	São Tomé and Príncipe12	1.0	1.0	0.7
180	183	185	Afghanistan12	0.9	0.6	0.0
181	171	167	The Gambia12	0.9	1.1	0.2
182	177	140	Bangladesh	0.9	0.9	0.9
183	180	172	Comoros1,12	0.7	0.7	0.1
184	184	163	Kiribati112	0.6	0.6	0.3
185	56	21	Uruguay11	0.3	7.6	12.7
			Asia	4.5	3.4
			Europe	10.6	10.5
			Middle East & North Africa	5.7	5.6
			Sub-Saharan Africa	4.5	2.3
			North America	23.1	24.1
			Central America & Caribbean	6.3	4.5
			South America	11.1	5.3
			Oceania	24.2	19.1
			World	6.8	5.6

¹Compatible land-use change data not available for 2000

²Compatible PFC, HFC and SF₆ data not available for 2000.

³Includes Puerto Rico, Guam and the US Virgin Islands. The WRI is ambiguous about which components are included for these additional territories. The non-land-use CO₂ data includes all three; CH₄, N₂O, PFC, HFC and SF₆ data are included for Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands but not for Guam; land-use change may or may not be included for any of the three.

⁴Not including the Netherlands Antilles.

⁵Not including Greenland and the Faeroe Islands.

⁶Including the Canary Islands.

⁷Including San Marino and the Vatican City.

⁸Including Monaco; not including Overseas Departments or French Polynesia.

⁹Including the Azores and Madeira.

¹⁰Including Liechtenstein.

¹¹Average annual forest cover change as percentage of national total 1990-2000: Belize -2.3%, Uruguay +5.0%. Source: FAO.

¹² CH₄, N₂O, PFC, HFC and SF₆ data not available for 2005.

See also

• List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions per capita
• List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions
• Asian brown cloud
• Climate change
• Global warming
• LULUCF

References