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Lists of inventors
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This is a
list of
inventors
.
See also:
List of scientists
,
Timeline of historic inventions
,
List of inventions named after people
,
List of inventors killed by their own inventions
, and
:Category:Inventors
.
Alphabetical list
A
Bruno Abakanowicz
, (1852-1900),
Poland
/
Lithuania
/
Russia
—
Integraph
,
spirograph
, parabolagraph
Vitaly Mikhaylovich Abalakov
, (1906–1986),
Russia
—
camming devices
, Abalakov thread (or V-thread) gearless ice climbing anchor.
Hovannes Adamian
, (1879–1932),
Armenia
/
Russia
— tricolor principle of the
color television
Robert Adler
, (1913–2007),
Austria
/
United States
— wireless
remote control
Turhan Alçelik
(c.
2006),
Turkey
—
non-glaring headlamp
Anatoly Alexandrov
, (1903–1994),
Russia
— anti-
mine
demagnetising of ships,
naval nuclear reactor
(including one for the first
nuclear icebreaker
)
Alexandre Alexeieff
, (1901–1982)
Russia
/
France
—
pinscreen
animation (with his wife
Claire Parker
)
Rostislav Alexeyev
, (1916–1980),
Russia
—
Ekranoplan
Zhores Alferov
, (1930),
Russia
- heterotransistor, continuous-wave-operating
diode laser
(together with
Dmitri Garbuzov
)
Genrich Altshuller
, (1926–1998),
Russia
—
TRIZ
("The Theory of Solving Inventor's Problems")
Mary Anderson
, (1866–1953),
United States
—
windshield wiper
blade
Nicolas Appert
, (1749–1841),
France
—
canning
(airtight food preservation)
Archimedes
, (c.
287–212 BC),
Greece
—
Archimedes' screw
Ami Argand
, (1750–1803),
France
—
Argand lamp
Edwin H.
Armstrong
,(1890–1954),
U.S.
—
FM radio
William George Armstrong
, (1810–1900),
UK
—
hydraulic crane
Neil Arnott
, (1788–1874),
UK
—
waterbed
Lev Artsimovich
, (1909–1973),
Russia
—
Tokamak
Al-Ashraf
, (fl.
1282–1296),
Yemen
— dry
compass
Joseph Aspdin
, (1788–1855),
England
—
Portland cement
John Vincent Atanasoff
, (1903–1995),
United States
— modern programmable
computer
B
Charles Babbage
, (1791–1871),
UK
—
analytical engine
(semi-automatic
computer
)
Roger Bacon
, (1214–1292),
England
—
magnifying glass
Leo Baekeland
, (1863–1944),
Belgian
–
American
— Velox photographic paper and
Bakelite
Ralph H.
Baer
, (1922–),
German
born
American
—
video game console
Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi
, (1162–1231),
Iraq
/
Egypt
—
ventilator
John Logie Baird
, (1888–1946),
Scotland
— an electromechanical
television
, electronic
color television
Ibn al-Baitar
, (d.
1248),
Islamic Spain
— three hundred
drugs
and
foods
,
cancer therapy
,
pharmacotherapy
, Hindiba,
pharmacopoeia
Abi Bakr of Isfahan
, (c. 1235),
Persia
— mechanical
geared
astrolabe
with
lunisolar calendar
analog computer
Donat Banki
, (1859–1922),
Hungary
— inventor of the
carburetor
Vladimir Baranov-Rossine
, (1888-1944),
Ukraine
/
Russia
/
France
—
Optophonic Piano
,
pointillist
or
dynamic military camouflage
John Bardeen
, (1908–1991),
U.S.
— co-inventor of the
transistor
Vladimir Barmin
, (1909-1993),
Russia
— first rocket
launch complex
(spaceport)
Anthony R.
Barringer
,
Canada
/
U.S.
— INPUT (Induced Pulse Transient) airborne electromagnetic system
Earl W.
Bascom
, (1906–1995),
Canada
/
U.S.
— side-delivery rodeo chute, hornless rodeo saddle,
rodeo bareback rigging
, rodeo chaps
Nikolay Basov
, (1922–2001),
Russia
— co-inventor of
laser
and
maser
Ibn Bassal
, (fl.
1038–1075),
Islamic Spain
—
flywheel
, flywheel-driven
noria
, flywheel-driven saqiya
chain pump
Muhammad ibn Jābir al-Harrānī al-Battānī
(Albatenius), (853-929),
Syria
/
Turkey
— observation tube
Eugen Baumann
, (1846–1896),
Germany
—
PVC
Trevor Baylis
, (1937–),
UK
— a
wind-up radio
Francis Beaufort
, (1774–1857),
France
—
Beaufort scale
Arnold O.
Beckman
, (1900–2004),
U.S.
—
pH
meter
Ulugh Beg
, 1394–1449,
Persia
— Fakhri
sextant
,
mural
sextant
Alexander Graham Bell
, (1847–1922),
Canada
,
Scotland
, and
U.S.
—
telephone
Karl Benz
, (1844–1929),
Germany
— the petrol-powered
automobile
Alexander Bereznyak
, (1912-1974),
Russia
— first
rocket-powered
fighter aircraft,
BI-1
(together with
Isaev
)
Emile Berliner
, (1851–1929),
Germany
and
U.S.
— the disc record
gramophone
Tim Berners-Lee
, (1955–),
UK
— with
Robert Cailliau
, the
World Wide Web
Abu Mansoor Nizar al-Aziz Billah
, (955–996),
Egypt
—
airmail
,
homing pigeon
Bi Sheng
( ), (ca. 990–1051),
China
—
clay
movable type
printing
Laszlo Biro
, (1899–1985),
Hungary
— modern
ballpoint pen
Clarence Birdseye
, (1886–1956),
U.S.
—
frozen food
process
Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī
, (973–1048),
Persia
— mechanical
geared
lunisolar calendar
analog computer
, fixed-
wired
knowledge processing
machine
,
conical measure
,
laboratory flask
,
Orthographical
astrolabe
,
hodometer
,
pycnometer
J.
Stuart Blackton
, (1875–1941),
U.S.
—
stop-motion film
Otto Blathy
(1860–1939),
Hungary
— co-inventor of the
transformer
,
wattmeter
,
alternating current
(AC) and
turbogenerator
Katharine B.
Blodgett
, (1898–1979),
UK
— nonreflective
glass
Alan Blumlein
, (1903–1942),
England
—
stereo
Nils Bohlin
, (1920–2002),
Sweden
— the three-point
seat belt
Joseph-Armand Bombardier
, (1907–1964),
Canada
—
snowmobile
Jagdish Chandra Bose
, (1858 –1937),
India
—
Crescograph
Robert W.
Bower
, (1936–),
U.S.
— self-aligned–gate
MOSFET
Seth Boyden
, (1788–1870),
U.S.
— nail-making machine
Walter Houser Brattain
, (1902–1987),
U.S.
— co-inventor of the
transistor
Louis Braille
, (1809–1852),
France
— the
Braille
writing system
Karl Ferdinand Braun
, (1850–1918),
Germany
—
cathode-ray tube
oscilloscope
Harry Brearley
, (1871–1948),
UK
—
stainless steel
Sergey Brin
, (1973–),
Russia
/
U.S.
— with
Larry Page
invented
Google web search engine
Rachel Fuller Brown
, (1898–1980),
U.S.
,
Nystatin
, the world's first antifungal antibiotic
John Moses Browning
, (1855–1926),
U.S.
—
automatic handgun
Maria Christina Bruhn
, (1732–1802)
Edwin Beard Budding
, (1795–1846),
UK
—
lawnmower
Corliss Orville Burandt
,
U.S.
—
Variable valve timing
Aleksandr Butlerov
, (1828–1886),
Russia
—
formaldehyde
C
Robert Cailliau
, (1947–),
Belgium
— with
Tim Berners-Lee
, the
World Wide Web
C`ai Lun
, 蔡倫 (50–121 AD),
China
—
paper
Marvin Camras
, (1916–1995),
U.S.
—
magnetic recording
Chester Carlson
, (1906–1968),
U.S.
—
Xerography
Wallace Carothers
, (1896–1937),
U.S.
—
Nylon
Hezarfen Ahmet Celebi
, (fl. 1630–1632), long-distance
flight
, artificial
wings
Joseph Constantine Carpue
, (1764–1846),
France
—
rhinoplastic
surgery
George Cayley
, (1773–1857),
UK
—
glider
,
tension-spoke wheels
,
Caterpillar track
Roxey Ann Caplin
, (1793–1888),
UK
—
Corsets
Dennis Charter
, (1952–),
Australia
— secure electronic payment system for internet
PaySafe
Vladimir Chelomey
, (1914-1984),
Russia
— first
space station
(
Salyut
),
Proton
rocket
Pavel Cherenkov
, (1904-1990),
Russia
—
Cherenkov detector
Adrian Chernoff
, (1971–),
U.S.
— GM Autonomy, GM
Hy-wire
,
Rubber Bandits
Evgeniy Chertovsky
, (1902–),
Russia
–
Pressure suit
Andrey Chokhov
, (c.
1545 – 1629),
Russia
–
Tsar Cannon
Niels Christensen
(1865–1952),
U.S.
—
O-ring
Samuel Hunter Christie
, (1784–1865),
UK
—
Wheatstone bridge
Juan de la Cierva
, (1895–1936),
Spain
— the
autogyro
Alexandru Ciurcu
, (1854–1922),
Romania
—
Reaction engine
Georges Claude
, (1870–1960),
France
—
neon lamp
Henri Coandă
, (1886–1972),
Romania
—
Jet engine
Josephine Cochrane
, (1839–1913),
U.S.
—
dishwasher
Christopher Cockerell
, (1910–1999),
UK
—
Hovercraft
Aeneas Coffey
, (1780–1852),
Ireland
— heat exchanger,
Coffey still
Sir Henry Cole
, (1808–1882),
England
—
Christmas card
Samuel Colt
, (1814–1862),
U.S.
—
Revolver
George Constantinescu
, (1881–1965),
Romania
—
Interrupter gear
Lloyd Groff Copeman
, (1865–1956),
U.S.
—
Electric stove
Cornelis Corneliszoon
, (1550–1607),
The Netherlands
—
sawmill
Jacques Cousteau
, (1910–1997),
France
— co-inventor of the
aqualung
and the
Nikonos
underwater camera
Thomas Crapper
, (1836–1910),
England
—
ballcock
(toilet valve)
Bartolomeo Cristofori
, (1655–1731),
Italy
—
piano
János Csonka
, (1852–1939),
Hungary
— co-inventor of
carburetor
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot
, (1725–1804),
France
— first
steam-powered
road vehicle
William Cumberland Cruikshank
, (1745–1800),
UK
—
chlorinated water
William Cullen
, (1710–1790),
UK
— first artificial
refrigerator
Glenn Curtiss
, (1878–1930),
U.S.
—
ailerons
D
Gustaf Dalén
, (1869–1937),
Sweden
—
AGA cooker
;
Dalén light
;
Agamassan
Salvino D'Armate
, (1258–1312),
Italy
— credited for inventing
eyeglasses
in 1284
Corradino D'Ascanio
, (1891–1981),
Italy
- D'AT3
helicopter
;
Vespa
scooter
Jacob Davis
, (1868–1908),
U.S.
—
riveted jeans
Edmund Davy
, (1785–1857),
Ireland
—
acetylene
Humphry Davy
, (1778–1829),
UK
—
Davy miners lamp
Joseph Day
, (1855–1946),
UK
— the crankcase-compression
two-stroke engine
Lee DeForest
, (1873–1961),
U.S.
—
triode
Yuri Nikolaevich Denisyuk
, (1927–2006),
Russia
— 3D
holography
Miksa Deri
(1854–1938),
Hungary
— co-inventor of an improved closed-core
transformer
James Dewar
, (1842–1923),
UK
—
Thermos flask
Aleksandr Dianin
, (1851–1918),
Russia
-
Bisphenol A
,
Dianin's compound
William Kennedy Laurie Dickson
, (1860–1935),
UK
— motion picture camera
Philip Diehl
, (1847–1913),
U.S.
—
Ceiling fan
, electric
sewing machine
Rudolf Diesel
, (1858–1913),
Germany
—
Diesel engine
Taqi al-Din
, (1526–1585),
Syria
/
Egypt
/
Turkey
—
steam turbine
, six-
cylinder
'Monobloc'
suction
pump
,
framed sextant
Al-Dinawari
, (828-896),
Persia
— more than a hundred plant
drugs
William H.
Dobelle
, (1943–2004),
United States
— first functioning artificial eye
Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky
, (1862–1919),
Poland
/
Russia
- world's first
three-phase
hydroelectric power plant
, also three-phase
electrical generator
, three-phase
electrical motor
and three-phase
transformer
Bryan Donkin
, (1768–1855),
UK
— print industry composition roller
Hub van Doorne
, (1900–1979), Netherlands,
Variomatic
continuously variable transmission
Anastase Dragomir
, (1896–1966),
Romania
—
Ejection seat
Karl Drais
, (1785–1851),
Germany
—
dandy horse
(
Draisine
)
Cornelius Drebbel
, (1572–1633),
The Netherlands
— first navigable submarine
Richard Drew
, (1899–1980),
U.S.
—
Masking tape
John Boyd Dunlop
, (1840–1921)
UK
— first practical
pneumatic tyre
Cyril Duquet
, (1841–1922)
Canada
—
Telephone handset
James Dyson
, (1947– )
UK
— Dual Cyclone bagless vacuum cleaner, incorporating the principles of cyclonic separation.
E
George Eastman
, (1854–1932),
U.S.
—
roll film
Thomas Edison
, (1847–1931),
U.S.
—
phonograph
, commercially practical
light bulb
,
motion picture
projector, stock ticker,
etc
Willem Einthoven
, (1860–1927),
The Netherlands
— the
electrocardiogram
Ivan Elmanov
, (?–?),
Russia
— first
monorail
(horse-drawn)
Rune Elmqvist
, (1857–1924),
Sweden
— implantable pacemaker
Douglas Engelbart
, (1925–),
U.S.
— the
computer mouse
[11476]
John Ericsson
, (1803–1889),
Sweden
— the two screw-propeller
Lars Magnus Ericsson
, (1846–1926),
Sweden
— the handheld micro telephone
Ole Evinrude
, (1877–1934),
Norway
—
outboard motor
F
Peter Carl Fabergé
, (1846–1920),
Russia
—
Fabergé Eggs
Samuel Face
, (1923–2001),
U.S.
— concrete flatness/levelness technology;
Lightning Switch
Michael Faraday
, (1791–1867),
England
— electric
transformer
,
electric motor
Johann Maria Farina
, (1685–1766), Germany;
Eau de Cologne
Philo Farnsworth
, (1906–1971),
U.S.
—
electronic
television
Muhammad al-Fazari
, (d.
796/806),
Iraq
or
Persia
—
brass
astrolabe
James Fergason
, (1934–),
U.S.
— improved
liquid crystal display
Enrico Fermi
, (1901–1954),
Italy
—
nuclear reactor
Humberto Fernández Morán
, (1924–1999),
Venezuela
—
Diamond scalpel
,
Ultra microtome
Reginald Fessenden
, (1866–1932),
Canada
— two-way
radio
Adolf Eugen Fick
, (1829–1901),
Germany
—
contact lens
Fatima al-Fihri
, (c.
859),
Tunisia
/
Morocco
—
university
Abbas Ibn Firnas
(Armen Firman), (810-887),
Islamic Spain
—
eye glasses
,
parachute
,
hang glider
, artificial
wings
,
controlled flight
,
watch
,
fused quartz
and
silica glass
, artificial
thunder
and
lightning
,
metronome
Artur Fischer
, (1919–)
Germany
— fasteners including
fischertechnik
.
Gerhard Fischer
,
Germany
/
U.S.
—
hand-held metal detector
Robert Fulton
, (1765-1815),
United States
— first commercially successful
steamboat
, first practical
submarine
Alexander Fleming
, (1881–1955),
Scotland
—
penicillin
John Ambrose Fleming
, (1848–1945),
England
—
vacuum diode
Sandford Fleming
, (1827–1915),
Canada
—
Universal Standard Time
Tommy Flowers
, (1905–1998),
England
—
Colossus
an early electronic computer.
Jean Bernard Léon Foucault
, (1819–1868),
France
—
Foucault pendulum
,
gyroscope
,
eddy current
Benoît Fourneyron
, (1802–1867),
France
—
water turbine
John Fowler
, (1826–1864), England — steam-driven ploughing engine
Benjamin Franklin
, (1706–1790),
U.S.
— the
pointed lightning rod conductor
,
bifocal glasses
, the
Franklin stove
, the
glass harmonica
Augustin-Jean Fresnel
, (1788–1827),
France
—
Fresnel lens
William Friese-Greene
, (1855–1921),
England
—
cinematography
Buckminster Fuller
, (1895–1983),
U.S.
—
geodesic dome
Svyatoslav Fyodorov
, (1927–2000),
Russia
—
radial keratotomy
Vladimir Fyodorov
, (1874–1966),
Russia
—
Fedorov Avtomat
(first self-loading
battle rifle
, arguably the first
assault rifle
)
G
Dennis Gabor
, (1900–1979),
Hungary
—
holography
Boris Borisovich Galitzine
, (1862–1916),
Russia
—
Electromagnetic
seismograph
.
Dmitri Garbuzov
, (1940-2006),
Russia
/
U.S.
- continuous-wave-operating
diode lasers
(together with
Zhores Alferov
), high-power diode lasers
Elmer R.
Gates
, (1859–1923), USA — foam fire extinguisher, electric loom mechanisms, magnetic & diamagnetic separators, educational toy ("box & blocks")
Richard J.
Gatling
, (1818–1903),
U.S.
— wheat drill, first successful
machine gun
E.
K.
Gauzen
,
Russia
— early
diving costume
Hans Wilhelm Geiger
, (1882–1945),
Germany
—
Geiger counter
Henri Giffard
, (1825–1882),
France
— powered
airship
,
injector
Valentyn Glushko
, (1908–1989),
Russia
—
hypergolic propellant
, Soviet
rocket engines
Heinrich Göbel
, (1818–1893),
Germany
— incandescent lamp
Leonid Gobyato
, (1875–1915),
Russia
— first modern man-portable
mortar
Robert Goddard
, (1882–1945),
U.S.
— liquid fuel rocket
Igor Gorynin
, (1926),
Russia
-
weldable
titanium
alloys, high strength
aluminium
alloys,
radiation-hardened
steels
Peter Carl Goldmark
, (1906–1977),
Hungary
—
vinyl record
(LP), CBS
color television
Charles Goodyear
, (1800–1860),
U.S.
—
vulcanization of rubber
Gordon Gould
, (1920–2005),
U.S.
— co-inventor of
laser
Richard Hall Gower
, (1768–1833),
England
—
ship's hull and rigging
Boris Grabovsky
, (1901–1966),
Russia
–
cathode
commutator, an early electronic TV pickup tube
Bette Nesmith Graham
, (1924–1980),
U.S.
—
Liquid Paper
James Henry Greathead
, (1844–1896),
South Africa
—
tunnel boring machine
,
tunnelling shield
technique
Chester Greenwood
, (1858–1937),
U.S.
—
thermal earmuffs
James Gregory
, (1638–1675),
Scotland
—
Gregorian telescope
William Robert Grove
, (1811–1896),
Wales
—
fuel cell
Otto von Guericke
, (1602–1686),
Germany
—
vacuum pump
,
manometer
,
dasymeter
Mikhail Gurevich
, (1893-1976),
Russia
- invented
MiG
fighter aircraft together with
Artem Mikoyan
Hakan Gürsu
, (c.
2007),
Turkey
—
Volitan
Johann Gutenberg
, (c.
1390s–1468),
Germany
— movable type
printing press
Samuel Guthrie
, (1782–1848),
U.S.
— discovered
chloroform
H
John Hadley
, (1682–1744),
England
—
Octant
Waldemar Haffkine
, (1860–1930),
Russia
/
Switzerland
— first anti-
cholera
and anti-
plague
vaccines
Tracy Hall
, (1919–2008 ),
U.S.
—
synthetic diamond
Christopher Hansteen
, (1783–1873),
Norway
— discovery of
terrestrial magnetism
James Hargreaves
, (1720–1778),
England
—
spinning jenny
John Harington
, (1561–1612),
England
- the
flush toilet
John Harrison
, (1693–1776),
England
—
marine chronometer
Victor Hasselblad
, (1906–1978),
Sweden
— invented the 6 x 6 cm
single-lens reflex camera
Ibn al-Haytham
(Alhazen), (965–1039),
Iraq
—
camera obscura
,
pinhole camera
,
magnifying glass
Robert A.
Heinlein
, (1907–1988),
U.S.
—
waterbed
Jozef Karol Hell
, (1713–1789),
Slovakia
— the water pillar
Rudolf Hell
, (1901–2002),
Germany
— the
Hellschreiber
Joseph Henry
, (1797–1878),
Scotland
/
U.S.
— electromagnetic
relay
Heron
, (c. 10-70),
Roman Egypt
— usually credited with invention of the
aeolipile
, although it may have been described a century earlier
John Herschel
, (1792–1871),
England
–
photographic fixer
(hypo)
William Herschel
, (1738–1822),
England
—
infrared
Heinrich Hertz
, (1857–1894),
Germany
—
radio telegraphy
,
electromagnetic radiation
George de Hevesy
, (1885–1966),
Hungary
—
radioactive tracer
Rowland Hill
, (1795–1879),
UK
—
postage stamp
Felix Hoffmann
(Bayer), (1868–1949),
Germany
—
Aspirin
Herman Hollerith
, (1860–1929),
U.S.
— recording data on a machine readable medium,
tabulator
,
punched cards
Nick Holonyak
, (1928- ),
U.S.
—
LED
(Light Emitting Diode)
Robert Hooke
, (1635–1703),
England
—
balance wheel
,
iris diaphragm
Erna Schneider Hoover
, (1926–),
U.S.
— computerized telephone switching system
Frank Hornby
, (1863–1936),
England
— invented
Meccano
Coenraad Johannes van Houten
, (1801–1887),
Netherlands
—
cocoa powder
,
cacao butter
,
chocolate milk
Elias Howe
, (1819–1867),
U.S.
—
sewing machine
Muhammad Husayn
, (fl. 1600s),
Persia
— cartographic
Qibla
indicator with
sundial
and
compass
Christiaan Huygens
, (1629–1695),
Netherlands
—
pendulum clock
John Wesley Hyatt
, (1837–1920),
U.S.
—
celluloid
manufacturing.
I
Ibn Yunus
, (950–1009),
Egypt
—
pendulum
Sumio Iijima
, (1939- ),
Japan
—
nanotubes
Gavriil Ilizarov
, (1921–1992),
Russia
—
Ilizarov apparatus
and
distraction osteogenesis
.
János Irinyi
, (1817–1895),
Hungary
— noiseless
match
Aleksei Isaev
, (1908-1971),
Russia
— first
rocket-powered
fighter aircraft,
BI-1
(together with
Bereznyak
)
J
Jabir ibn Aflah
(Geber), (c.
1100–1150),
Islamic Spain
— portable
celestial globe
Jabir ibn Hayyan
, (c.
721-815),
Yemen
/
Persia
— pure
distillation
,
liquefaction
,
purification
,
retort
,
mineral acids
,
nitric
and
sulfuric acids
,
hydrochloric acid
,
aqua regia
,
alum
,
alkali
,
borax
, pure
sal ammoniac
,
lead carbonatic
,
arsenic
,
antimony
,
bismuth
, pure
mercury
and
sulfur
,
plated mail
Moritz von Jacobi
, (1801-1874),
Germany
/
Russia
-
electrotyping
Karl Jatho
, (1873–1933),
Germany
—
aeroplane
Al-Jazari
, (1136–1206),
Iraq
— crank-driven and
hydropowered
saqiya
chain pump
, crank-driven
screw
and
screwpump
,
elephant clock
,
weight-driven
clock, weight-driven
pump
,
reciprocating
piston
suction
pump, geared and hydropowered
water supply system
,
programmable
humanoid robots
,
robotics
,
hand washing
automata
,
flush mechanism
,
lamination
,
static balancing
,
paper model
,
sand casting
,
molding sand
,
intermittency
,
linkage
Ibn Al-Jazzar
(Algizar), (c.
898-980),
Tunisia
—
sexual dysfunction
and
erectile dysfunction
treatment drugs
György Jendrassik
, (1898–1954),
Hungary
—
turboprop
Carl Edvard Johansson
, (1864–1943),
Sweden
—
Gauge blocks
Johan Petter Johansson
, (1853–1943),
Sweden
— the
pipe wrench
and the modern
adjustable spanner
Nancy Johnson
,
U.S.
— American version of the hand cranked ice cream machine in (1843)
Scott A.
Jones
, (1960–),
U.S.
— created one of the most successful versions of
voicemail
as well as
ChaCha Search
, a human-assisted
internet
search engine
.
Whitcomb Judson
, (1836–1909),
U.S.
—
zipper
K
Mikhail Kalashnikov
, (1919–),
Russia
—
AK-47
and
AK-74
assault rifles
Dean Kamen
, (1951–),
U.S.
— Invented the
Segway HT
scooter and the
IBOT
Mobility Device
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
, (1853–1926),
Netherlands
—
liquify helium
Pyotr Kapitsa
, (1894–1984),
Russia
- first ultrastrong
magnetic field
creating techniques, basic
low-temperature physics
inventions
Georgii Karpechenko
, (1899-1941),
Russia
-
rabbage
(the first ever non-sterile hybrid obtained through the crossbreeding)
Jamshīd al-Kāshī
, (c. 1380–1429),
Persia
— plate of
conjunctions
, analog planetary
computer
Yevgeny Kaspersky
, (1965–),
Russia
—
Kaspersky Anti-Virus
,
Kaspersky Internet Security
,
Kaspersky Mobile Security
anti-virus products
Adolphe Kégresse
, (1879–1943),
France
/
Russia
— first
half-track
(
Kégresse track
),
dual clutch transmission
Mstislav Keldysh
, (1911-1978),
Latvia
/
Russia
- co-developer of
Sputnik 1
(the first artificial satellite) together with
Korolyov
and
Tikhonravov
John Harvey Kellogg
, (1852–1943),
cornflake breakfasts
John George Kemeny
, (1926–1992),
Hungary
— co-inventor of
BASIC
Alexander Kemurdzhian
, (1921–2003),
Russia
— first space exploration
rover
(
Lunokhod
)
Kerim Kerimov
, (1917–2003),
Azerbaijan
and
Russia
— co-developer of
human spaceflight
,
space dock
,
space station
Charles F.
Kettering
, (1876–1958),
U.S.
— invented automobile self-starter ignition,
Freon
ethyl gasoline
and more
Khalid
, (fl.
800s),
Ethiopia
—
coffee
Fazlur Khan
, (1929–1982),
Bangladesh
— structural systems for high-rise
skyscrapers
Yulii Khariton
, (1904-1996),
Russia
— chief designer of the
Soviet atomic bomb
, co-developer of the
Tsar Bomb
Al-Khazini
, (fl. 1115–1130),
Persia
—
hydrostatic balance
Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi
, (c. 940–1000),
Persia
—
astronomical sextant
Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī
(Algoritmi), (c. 780-850),
Persia
— modern
algebra
,
mural instrument
, horary quadrant,
Sine quadrant
, shadow square
Jack Kilby
, (1923–2005),
U.S.
— patented the first
integrated circuit
Al-Kindi
(Alkindus), (801–873),
Iraq
/
Yemen
—
ethanol
, pure
distilled alcohol
,
cryptanalysis
,
frequency analysis
Semyon Kirlian
, (1898-1978),
Russia
-
Kirlian photography
Fritz Klatte
, (1880–1934),
Germany
— vinyl chloride, forerunner to
polyvinyl chloride
Mikhail Koshkin
, (1898-1940),
Russia
—
T-34
medium tank
Margaret E.
Knight
, (1838–1914),
U.S.
— machine that completely constructs box-bottom brown paper bags
Ivan Knunyants
, (1906–1990),
Armenia
/
Russia
—
Nylon 6
Robert Koch
, (1843–1910), Germany — method for culturing bacteria on solid media
Willem Johan Kolff
, (1911–2009),
Netherlands
— artificial kidney
hemodialysis
machine
Rudolf Kompfner
, (1909–1977),
U.S.
—
Traveling-wave tube
Konstantin Konstantinov
, (1819 or 1819 – 1871),
Russia
— device for measuring flight speed of
projectiles
,
ballistic
rocket
pendulum
,
launch pad
, rocket-making machine
Sergey Korolyov
, (1907–1966),
Ukraine
/
Russia
— invented
R-7 rocket family
, designed
Sputniks
(including
first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite
), supervised
Vostok program
(including
first human spaceflight
)
Nikolai Korotkov
, (1874-1920),
Russia
- auscultatory technique for
blood pressure
measurement
Semen Korsakov
, (1787-1853),
Russia
-
punch card
for information storage
Gleb Kotelnikov
, (1872–1944),
Russia
—
knapsack
parachute
Alexei Krylov
, (1863-1945),
Russia
—
gyroscopic
damping of ships
Ivan Kulibin
, (1735–1818),
Russia
—
elevator
using screw mechanisms, an automobile that featured a
flywheel
,
brake
,
gear box
, and
bearing
.
Igor Kurchatov
, (1903–1960),
Russia
— first
nuclear power plant
, first
nuclear reactors
for
submarines
and
surface ships
Raymond Kurzweil
, (1948–),
Optical character recognition
;
flatbed scanner
Stephanie Kwolek
, (1923–),
U.S.
—
Kevlar
John Howard Kyan
(1774–1850),
Ireland
— The process of Kyanization used for wood preservation
L
René Laënnec
, (1781–1826),
France
—
stethoscope
Lala Balhumal Lahuri
, (c. 1842),
Mughal India
— seamless
globe
and
celestial globe
Georges Lakhovsky
, (1869–1942),
Russia
— Multiple Wave Oscillator.
Hedy Lamarr
, (1913–2000),
Austria
and
U.S.
—
Spread spectrum
radio
Edwin H.
Land
, (1909–1991),
U.S.
—
Polaroid
polarizing filters and the
Land Camera
Samuel P.
Langley
, (1834–1906),
U.S.
—
bolometer
Irving Langmuir
, (1851–1957),
U.S.
— gas filled
incandescent light bulb
, hydrogen welding
Lewis Latimer
, (1848–1928), — worked with
Thomas Edison
and patented an improved lightbulb manufacturing process
Gustav de Laval
, (1845–1913),
Sweden
— invented the milk separator and the milking machine
John Bennet Lawes
, (1814–1900),
England
—
superphosphate
or
chemical fertilizer
Sergei Vasiljevich Lebedev
, (1874–1934),
Russia
—
synthetic rubber
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
, (1632–1723),
Netherlands
— development of the
microscope
Jean-Joseph Etienne Lenoir
, (1822–1900),
Belgium
—
internal combustion engine
,
motorboat
R.
G.
LeTourneau
, (1888–1969),
U.S.
- electric wheel, motor scraper, mobile oil drilling platform, bulldozer, cable control unit for scrapers
Willard Frank Libby
, (1908–1980),
U.S.
—
radiocarbon dating
Justus von Liebig
, (1803–1873),
Germany
—
nitrogen
-based
fertilizer
Otto Lilienthal
, (1848–1896),
Germany
—
hang glider
Frans Wilhelm Lindqvist
, (1862–1931),
Sweden
— Kerosene stove operated by compressed air
Hans Lippershey
, (1570–1619),
Netherlands
—
telescope
William Howard Livens
, (1889–1964),
England
— chemical warfare —
Livens Projector
.
Alexander Lodygin
, (1847–1923),
Russia
—
electrical filament
,
incandescent light bulb
with tungsten filament
Mikhail Lomonosov
, (1711-1765),
Russia
— early one concave mirror
telescope
,
freezing
of
mercury
, original Russian
hard-paste porcelain
(together with
Dmitry Vinogradov
)
Oleg Losev
, (1903–1942),
Russia
—
light-emitting diode
Archibald Low
, (1882–1956),
Britain
— Pioneer of radio guidance systems
Auguste and Louis Lumière
,
France
—
Cinématographe
Ignacy Łukasiewicz
, (1822–1882),
Poland
— modern
kerosene lamp
Giovanni Luppis
, (1813–1875),
Austrian Empire
(ethnical Italian) — self-propelled
torpedo
Ali Kashmiri ibn Luqman
, (fl. 1589–1590),
Mughal India
— seamless
globe
and
celestial globe
M
Ma Jun
, (c.
200–265),
China
—
South Pointing Chariot
(see
differential gear
), mechanical
puppet
theater
,
chain pumps
, improved
silk
looms
Stepan Makarov
, (1849–1904),
Russia
—
Icebreaker Yermak
, the first true icebreaker able to ride over and crush
pack ice
Nestor Makhno
, (1888-1934),
Ukraine
/
Russia
—
tachanka
Charles Macintosh
, (1766–1843),
Scotland
—
waterproof
raincoat
,
life vest
Victor Makeev
, (1924–1985),
Russia
— first
submarine-launched ballistic missile
Dmitri Dmitrievich Maksutov
, (1896–1964),
Russia
—
Maksutov telescope
Al-Ma'mun
, (786-833),
Iraq
— singing bird
automata
, terrestrial
globe
George William Manby
, (1765–1854),
England
—
Fire extinguisher
Guglielmo Marconi
, (1874–1937),
Italy
—
radio
telegraphy
John Landis Mason
, (1826–1902),
U.S.
—
Mason jars
Henry Maudslay
, (1771–1831),
England
— screw-cutting
lathe
, bench
micrometer
Hiram Maxim
, (1840–1916), USA born,
England
— First self-powered machine gun
James Clerk Maxwell
(1831–1879) and
Thomas Sutton
Scotland
—
color photography
Ammar ibn Ali al-Mawsili
, (9th century),
Iraq
—
syringe
,
hypodermic needle
,
cataract extraction
,
injection
,
suction
John McAdam
, (1756–1836),
Scotland
— improved "macadam" road surface
Elijah McCoy
, (1843–1929),
Canada
—
Displacement lubricator
Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov
, (1845-1916),
Russia
—
probiotics
Hippolyte Mège-Mouriés
, (1817–1880),
France
—
margarine
Dmitri Mendeleev
, (1834–1907),
Russia
—
Periodic table
,
pyrocollodion
, also credited with determining the ideal
vodka
proof as 38% (later rounded to 40%)
Antonio Meucci
, (1808–1889),
Italy
—
telephone
(prototype)
Edouard Michelin
, (1859–1940),
France
—
pneumatic tyre
Anthony Michell
, (1870–1959),
Australia
— tilting pad thrust bearing, crankless engine
Artem Mikoyan
, (1905-1970),
Armenia
/
Russia
- invented
MiG
fighter aircraft together with
Mikhail Gurevich
Pavel Molchanov
, (1893–1941),
Russia
—
Radiosonde
.
Jules Montenier
, (c.
1910),
U.S.
— modern anti-perspirant
deodorant
Montgolfier
brothers, (1740–1810) and (1745–1799),
France
— hot-air balloon
John J.
Montgomery
, (1858–1911),
U.S.
— heavier-than-air gliders
Narcis Monturiol i Estarriol
, (1819–1885),
Spain
— steam powered
submarine
Robert Moog
, (1934–2005),
U.S.
— the
Moog synthesizer
Samuel Morey
, (1762–1843),
U.S.
— internal combustion engine
Garrett A.
Morgan
, (1877–1963),
U.S.
— inventor of the
gas mask
, and
traffic signal
.
Samuel Morse
, (1791–1872),
U.S.
—
telegraph
Sergei Ivanovich Mosin
, (1849–1902),
Russia
—
Mosin–Nagant
rifle
Motorins
, Ivan Feodorovich and his son Mikhail Ivanovich, (1660s – 1735) and (?–1750),
Russia
—
Tsar Bell
Al-Muqaddasi
, (c. 946–1000),
Palestine
—
restaurant
Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi
, (fl.
1000s),
Islamic Spain
— geared mechanical
clock
, segmental
gear
,
epicyclic gearing
William Murdoch
, (1754–1839),
Scotland
—
Gas lighting
Jozef Murgas
, (1864–1929),
Slovakia
— inventor of the
wireless telegraph
(forerunner of the radio)
Evgeny Murzin
,
Russia
—
ANS synthesizer
Banū Mūsā
brothers, Muhammad (c.
800-873), Ahmad (803-873), Al-Hasan (810-873),
Iraq
—
mechanical trick devices
,
hurricane lamp
, self-trimming and self-feeding
lamp
,
gas mask
,
clamshell grab
,
fail-safe
system, mechanical
musical instrument
, automatic
flute
player,
programmable machine
Pieter van Musschenbroek
, (1692–1761),
Netherlands
—
Leyden jar
,
pyrometer
Eadweard Muybridge
, (1830–1904),
England
—
motion picture
N
Ibn al-Nafis
, (1213–1288),
Syria
/
Egypt
—
circulatory physiology
,
otolaryngology
,
theological novel
,
science fiction
novel
John Napier
, (1550–1617),
Scotland
—
logarithms
James Naismith
, (1861–1939), Canadian born, USA — invented
basketball
and
American football
helmet
Yoshiro Nakamatsu
, (b.
1928),
Japan
—
floppy disk
, "PyonPyon" spring
shoes
,
digital watch
,
CinemaScope
,
armchair
"Cerebrex", sauce
pump
,
taxicab meter
James Nasmyth
, (1808–1890),
Scotland
—
steam hammer
Nebuchadrezzar II
, (c.
630–562 BC),
Iraq
(
Mesopotamia
) —
screw
,
screwpump
Sergey Nepobedimiy
, (1921–),
Russia
— first supersonic
anti-tank guided missile
Sturm
, other Soviet
rocket weaponry
John von Neumann
, (1903–1957),
Hungary
— Von Neumann
computer architecture
Isaac Newton
,(1642–1727),
England
— reflecting telescope (which reduces
chromatic aberration
)
Joseph Nicephore Niépce
, (1765–1833),
France
—
photography
Nikolai Nikitin
, (1907–1973),
Russia
—
prestressed concrete
with
wire ropes
structure (
Ostankino Tower
), Nikitin-Travush 4000 project (precursor to
X-Seed 4000
)
Paul Gottlieb Nipkow
, (1860-1940),
Germany
-
Nipkow disk
Jun-Ichi Nishizawa
, (1926–),
Japan
—
Optical communication
system,
SIT/SITh
,
Laser diode
,
PIN diode
Alfred Nobel
, (1833–1896),
Sweden
—
dynamite
Carl Rickard Nyberg
, (1858–1939),
Sweden
— the
blowtorch
O
Theophil Wilgodt Odhner
, (1845–1903),
Sweden
/
Russia
— the
Odhner Arithmometer
, a
mechanical calculator
J.
Robert Oppenheimer
, (1904–1967),
United States
—
Atomic bomb
Hans Christian Ørsted
, (1777–1851),
Denmark
—
electromagnetism
,
aluminium
Elisha Otis
, (1811–1861),
U.S.
— passenger elevator with safety device
William Oughtred
, (1575–1660),
England
—
slide rule
P
Larry Page
, (1973–),
U.S.
— with
Sergey Brin
invented
Google web search engine
Helge Palmcrantz
, (1842–1880),
Sweden
— the multi-barrel, lever-actuated,
machine gun
Daniel David Palmer
, (1845–1913),
Canada
—
chiropractic
Luigi Palmieri
, (1807–1896),
Italy
—
seismometer
Alexander Parkes
, (1831–1890),
England
—
celluloid
Charles Algernon Parsons
, (1854–1931),
British
—
steam turbine
Spede Pasanen
, (1930–2001),
Finland
—
ski jumping sling
Blaise Pascal
, (1623–1662),
France
—
barometer
,
Pascal's calculator
Les Paul
, (1915–2009),
U.S.
—
multitrack recording
Nicolae Paulescu
, (1869–1931),
Romania
—
insulin
Gustaf Erik Pasch
, (1788–1862),
Sweden
— safety
match
Arthur Paul Pedrick
,
England
— chromatically selective cat flap and others
John Pemberton
, (1831–1888),
U.S.
—
Coca-Cola
Slavoljub Eduard Penkala
, (1871–1922),
Croatia
—
mechanical pencil
Henry Perky
, (1843–1906),
U.S.
—
shredded wheat
Stephen Perry
,
England
—
rubber band
Vladimir Petlyakov
, (1891-1942),
Russia
—
heavy bomber
Peter Petroff
, (1919–2004),
Bulgaria
— digital wrist watch, heart monitor, weather instruments
Petrok Maly
, (? - c.
1539),
Italy
/
Russia
— credited with invention of the
tented roof
as a possible architect of the Ascension Church in
Kolomenskoye
Fritz Pfleumer
, (1881–1945),
Germany
—
magnetic tape
Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov
, (1810–1881),
Russia
— early use of
ether
as
anaesthetic
, first
anaesthesia
in a field operation, various kinds of surgical operations
Fyodor Pirotsky
, (1845-1898),
Russia
— electric
tram
Arthur Pitney
, (1871–1933),
United States
—
postage meter
Joseph Plateau
, (1801–1883),
Belgium
—
phenakistiscope
(stroboscope)
Baltzar von Platen
, (1898–1984),
Sweden
—
gas absorption refrigerator
James Leonard Plimpton
,
U.S.
—
roller skates
Petrache Poenaru
, (1799–1875),
Romania
—
fountain pen
Christopher Polhem
, (1661–1751),
Sweden
— the modern
padlock
Ivan Polzunov
, (1728–1766),
Russia
— first two-cylinder motor
Mikhail Pomortsev
, (1851–1916),
Russia
—
nephoscope
Olivia Poole
, (1889–1975),
U.S.
, — the Jolly Jumper baby harness
Alexander Popov
, (1859–1906),
Russia
—
lightning detector
(the first
lightning prediction system
and also the first
radio receiver
), co-inventor of
radio
Joseph Priestley
, (1733–1804),
England
—
soda water
Alexander Procofieff de Seversky
, 1894–1974,
Russia
/
United States of America
—
Air-to-air refueling
, first
gyroscopically
stabilized bombsight,
ionocraft
Alexander Prokhorov
, (1916–2002),
Russia
— co-inventor of
laser
and
maser
Petro Prokopovych
, (1755–1850),
Ukraine
/
Russia
— early
beehive frame
,
queen excluder
and other
beekeeping
novelties
Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky
, (1863-1944),
Russia
/
France
- early
colour photography
method based on three colour channels, also colour film slides and colour
motion pictures
George Pullman
, (1831–1897),
U.S.
— Pullman
sleep wagon
Michael I.
Pupin
, (1858–1935),
Serbia
—
pupinization
(loading coils), tunable oscillator
Tivadar Puskas
, (1844–1893),
Hungary
—
telephone exchange
R
Mario Rabinowitz
, (1936–),
U.S.
—
solar concentrator
with tracking micromirrors
Hasan al-Rammah
, (fl.
1270s),
Syria
— purified
potassium nitrate
,
explosive
gunpowder
,
torpedo
Harun al-Rashid
, (763-809),
Iraq
/
Persia
—
public hospital
,
medical school
Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi
(Rhazes), (865–965),
Persia
—
distillation
and
extraction
methods,
sulfuric acid
and
hydrochloric acid
,
soap
kerosene
,
kerosene lamp
,
chemotherapy
,
sodium hydroxide
Karl von Reichenbach
, (1788–1869),
paraffin
,
creosote oil
,
phenol
Ira Remsen
, (1846–1927),
U.S.
—
saccharin
Ralf Reski
, (* 1958),
Germany
—
Moss Bioreactor
1998
Josef Ressel
, (1793–1857),
Czechoslovakia
— ship
propeller
Charles Francis Richter
, (1900–1985),
U.S.
—
Richter magnitude scale
Hyman George Rickover
, (1900–1986),
U.S.
—
Nuclear submarine
John Roebuck
, (1718–1794)
England
—
lead chamber process
for sulfuric acid synthesis
Peter I the Great
,
Tsar
and
Emperor of Russia
, (1672–1725),
Russia
—
sounding line
with separating
plummet
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
, (1845–1923),
Germany
— the
X-ray machine
Boris Rosing
, (1869–1933),
Russia
—
TV
system using
CRT
on the receiving side
Ernő Rubik
, (1944–),
Hungary
—
Rubik's cube
,
Rubik's Magic
and
Rubik's Clock
Ernst Ruska
, (1906–1988),
Germany
—
electron microscope
S
Alexander Sablukov
, (1783–1857),
Russia
—
centrifugal fan
Şerafeddin Sabuncuoğlu
, (1385–1468),
Turkey
— illustrated
surgical
atlas
Andrei Sakharov
, (1921–1989),
Russia
— invented
explosively pumped flux compression generator
, co-developed the
Tsar Bomb
and
tokamaks
for controlled
nuclear fusion
Ibn Samh
, (c. 1020),
Middle East
— mechanical geared
astrolabe
Ibn Sina
, (973–1037),
Persia
—
thermometer
,
thermoscope
,
steam distillation
,
essential oil
,
pharmacopoeia
,
clinical pharmacology
,
clinical trial
,
randomized controlled trial
,
quarantine
,
cancer
surgery,
cancer therapy
,
pharmacotherapy
,
phytotherapy
, Hindiba,
Taxus baccata
L,
calcium channel blocker
Alberto Santos-Dumont
, (1873–1932),
Brazil
—
non-rigid airship
and
airplane
Arthur William Savage
, (1857–1938) -
radial tires
,
gun magazine
,
Savage Model 99
lever action rifle
Thomas Savery
, (1650–1715),
England
—
steam engine
Adolphe Sax
, (1814–1894),
Belgium
—
saxophone
Bela Schick
, (1877–1967),
Hungary
—
diphtheria test
Christian Schnabel
(1878–1936),
German
— simplistic food cutleries
Kees A.
Schouhamer Immink
(1946- ),
Netherlands
— Major contributor to development of
Compact Disc
August Schrader
,
U.S.
—
Schrader valve
for
Pneumatic tire
David Schwarz
, (1852–1897),
Croatia
, — rigid ship, later called
Zeppelin
Marc Seguin
, (1786–1875),
France
—
wire-cable suspension bridge
Sennacherib
, (705–681 BC),
Iraq
(
Mesopotamia
) —
screw
pump
Iwan Serrurier
, (active 1920s),
Netherlands
/
U.S.
— inventor of the
Moviola
for
film editing
.
Mark Serrurier
, (190?–1988),
U.S.
—
Serrurier truss
for
Optical telescopes
Gerhard Sessler
, (1931–),
Germany
—
foil electret microphone
,
silicon microphone
Ibn al-Shatir
, (1304–1375),
Syria
—
astrolabic
clock
,
compendium
instrument, polar-axis
sundial
,
compass dial
Shen Kuo
, (1031–1095), China — improved
gnomon
,
armillary sphere
,
clepsydra
, and sighting tube
Pavel Schilling
, (1780–1836),
Estonia
/
Russia
— first
electromagnetic telegraph
Murasaki Shikibu
, (c. 973–1025), —
novel
,
psychological novel
Fathullah Shirazi
, (c. 1582),
Mughal India
—
autocannon
, multi-
barrel gun
Al-Sijzi
, (c. 945–1020),
Persia
—
heliocentric
astrolabe
William Bradford Shockley
, (1910–1989),
U.S.
— co-inventor of
transistor
Henry Shrapnel
, (1761–1842),
England
—
Shrapnel shell
ammunition
Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor
, (b.
1972),
Malaysia
—
cell
growth in
outer space
,
crystallization
of
proteins
and
microbes
in space
Vladimir Shukhov
, (1853–1939),
Russia
—
Shukhov cracking process
,
thin-shell structure
,
tensile structure
, built one of the first
pipelines
Augustus Siebe
, (1788–1872),
Germany
/
England
— Inventor of the
standard diving dress
Werner von Siemens
, (1816–1892),
Germany
— an electromechanical "dynamic"
Sir William Siemens
, (1823–1883),
Germany
— regenerative furnace
Igor Sikorsky
, (1889–1972),
Russia
/
U.S.
— first
aerosan
, first multi-engine
fixed-wing aircrafts
(
Russky Vityaz
and
Ilya Muromets
), modern
helicopter
Charles Simonyi
, (1948–),
Hungary
—
Hungarian notation
Isaac Singer
, (1811–1875),
U.S.
—
sewing machine
Alexander Smakula
, (1900–1983),
Ukraine
/
Russia
/
U.S.
—
anti-reflective coating
Igor Spassky
, (1926–),
Russia
—
Sea Launch
platform
Elmer Ambrose Sperry
, (1860-1930),
U.S.
— gyroscope-guided
automatic pilot
Ognjeslav Kostović Stepanović
, (1851-1916),
Serbia
/
Russia
- arbonite (
plywood
), which was the first plastic in the world
George Stephenson
, (1781–1848),
England
—
steam locomotive
Simon Stevin
, (1548–1620),
Netherlands
—
land yacht
Aurel Stodola
, (1859–1942),
Slovakia
—
gas turbines
Reverend Dr Robert Stirling
(1790–1878),
Scotland
—
Stirling engine
Levi Strauss
, (1829–1902),
U.S.
— blue
jeans
John Stringfellow
, (1799–1883),
England
—
airplane
Almon Strowger
, (1839–1902),
U.S.
—
automatic telephone exchange
Su Song
, (1020–1101),
China
— first
chain drive
Pavel Sukhoi
, (1895–1975),
Russia
—
Su
-series
fighter aircraft
Simon Sunatori
, (1959–),
Canada
— inventor of MagneScribe and Magic Spicer
Sushruta
, (600 BC),
Vedic India
— inventor of Platic Surgery, Cataract Surgery, Rhinoplasty
Joseph Swan
, (1828–1914),
England
—
Incandescent light bulb
Percy Spencer
, (1894–1970),
U.S.
—
microwave oven
Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi
(Azophi), (903–986),
Persia
— timekeeping
astrolabe
,
navigational astrolabe
,
surveying
astrolabe
Robert Swanson
, (1905–1994),
Canada
- Invented and developed the first multi-chime
air horn
for use with
diesel locomotives
Andrei Sychra
, (1773-76 – 1850),
Lithuania
/
Russia
,
Czech
descent -
Russian seven-string guitar
Vladimir Syromyatnikov
, (1933–2006),
Russia
-
Androgynous Peripheral Attach System
and other
spacecraft
docking mechanisms
Leó Szilárd
, (1898–1964),
Hungary
/
U.S.
— Co-developed the
atomic bomb
, patented the
nuclear reactor
, catalyst of the
Manhattan Project
T
Salih Tahtawi
, (fl. 1659–1660),
Mughal India
— seamless
globe
and
celestial globe
Igor Tamm
, (1895–1971),
Russia
— with
Andrey Sakharov
, developed first
tokamak
Mardi bin Ali al-Tarsusi
, (c. 1187),
Middle East
— counterweight
trebuchet
,
mangonel
Bernard Tellegen
, (1900–1990),
Netherlands
—
pentode
Edward Teller
, (1908–2003),
Hungary
—
hydrogen bomb
Nikola Tesla
, (1856–1943),
Croatian Serb
, citizenship:
Austrian Empire
(pre-1891),
American
(post-1891) —
Tesla Coil
,
induction motor
,
wireless communication
Léon Theremin
, (1896-1993),
Russia
—
theremin
,
burglar alarm
,
terpsitone
,
Rhythmicon
(first
drum machine
), The
Thing
Charles Xavier Thomas
de Colmar, (1785–1870),
France
—
Arithmometer
Eric Tigerstedt
, (1887–1925),
Finland
— triode
vacuum tube
Kalman Tihanyi
, (1897–1947),
Hungary
— co-inventor of
cathode ray tube
and
iconoscope
Mikhail Tikhonravov
, (1900-1974),
Russia
— co-developer of
Sputnik 1
(the first artificial satellite) together with
Korolyov
and
Keldysh
, designer of further
Sputniks
Gavriil Adrianovich Tikhov
, (1875-1960),
Russia
— feathering
spectrograph
Benjamin Chew Tilghman
, (1821–1897),
U.S.
—
sandblasting
Tipu Sultan
, (1750–1799),
India
—
iron
-cased
rocket
Fedor Tokarev
, (1871–1968),
Russia
—
TT-33
semiautomatic handgun and
SVT-40
self-loading rifle
Alfred Traeger
, (1895–1980),
Australia
— the pedal radio
Richard Trevithick
, (1771–1833),
England
— high-pressure
steam engine
, first full-scale
steam locomotive
Franc Trkman
, (1903–1978),
Slovenia
— electrical switches, accessories for opening windows
Yuri Trutnev
, (1927–),
Russia
— co-developer of the
Tsar Bomb
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
, (1857–1935),
Russia
—
spaceflight
Mikhail Tsvet
, (1872–1919),
Russia
—
adsorption chromatography
Ibn Tufail
, (c.
1105–1185),
Islamic Spain
—
philosophical novel
Alexei Tupolev
, (1925-2001),
Russia
— the
Tupolev Tu-144
(first
supersonic
passenger jet)
Andrei Tupolev
, (1888-1972),
Russia
—
turboprop
powered long-range airliner (
Tupolev Tu-114
),
turboprop
strategic bomber (
Tupolev Tu-95
)
Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī
, (1201–1274),
Persia
—
observatory
,
research institute
Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī
, (1135–1213),
Persia
— linear
astrolabe
U
Lewis Urry
, (1927–2004),
Canada
— long-lasting
alkaline battery
V
Vladimir Sergeyevich Vakhmistrov
,
Russia
— airplaine-born
parasite aircraft
(
Zveno project
)
Theophilus Van Kannel
, (1841–1919),
United States
—
revolving door
(1888)
Dmitry Vinogradov
, (c.1720–5 - 1758),
Russia
— original Russian
hard-paste porcelain
(together with
Mikhail Lomonosov
)
Louis R.
Vitullo
, (1924?–2006),
United States
— developed the first
sexual assault evidence kit
Alessandro Volta
, (1745–1827),
Italy
—
battery
Faust Vrančić
, (1551–1617),
Croatia
—
parachute
Traian Vuia
, (1872–1950),
Romania
— designed, built and flew the first self-propelling heavier-than-air
aircraft
in
Europe
W
Paul Walden
, (1863–1957),
Latvia
/
Russia
/
Germany
—
Walden inversion
,
Ethylammonium nitrate
(the first room temperature
ionic liquid
)
Barnes Wallis
, (1887–1979),
England
—
bouncing bomb
Robert Watson-Watt
, (1892–1973),
Scotland
— microwave
radar
James Watt
, (1736–1819),
Scotland
— improved
Steam engine
Thomas Wedgwood
, (1771–1805),
England
— first (not permanent)
photograph
Jonas Wenström
, (1855–1893),
Sweden
—
three-phase electrical power
George Westinghouse
, (1846–1914),
U.S.
—
Air brake
Charles Wheatstone
, (1802–1875),
England
—
concertina
,
stereoscope
,
microphone
,
Playfair cipher
Eli Whitney
, (1765–1825),
U.S.
— the
cotton gin
Frank Whittle
, (1907–1996),
England
— co-inventor of the
jet engine
Otto Wichterle
, (1913–1989),
Czechoslovakia
— invented modern
contact lenses
Paul Winchell
, (1922–2005),
U.S.
— the
artificial heart
A.
Baldwin Wood
, (1879–1956),
U.S.
— high volume pump
Granville Woods
, (1856–1910),
U.S.
— the Synchronous Multiplex Railway Telegraph
Wright brothers
, Orville (1871–1948) and Wilbur (1867–1912) —
U.S.
—
powered airplane
Arthur Wynne
, (1862–1945),
England
— creator of
crossword puzzle
Y
Pavel Yablochkov
, (1847–1894),
Russia
—
Yablochkov candle
.
Hidetsugu Yagi
, (1886–1976),
Japan
—
Yagi antenna
Khalid ibn Yazid
, (635-704),
Syria
/
Egypt
—
potassium nitrate
Yi Xing
, (683-727),
China
—
astronomical clock
Arthur M.
Young
, (1905–1995),
U.S.
— the
Bell Helicopter
Vladimir Yourkevitch
, (1885–1964),
Russia
/
France
/
U.S.
— modern ship
hull
design
Muhammad Yunus
, (b.
1940),
Bangladesh
—
microcredit
,
microfinance
Abu Yaqub Yusuf
, (c.
1274),
Morocco
/
Spain
—
siege
cannon
Z
Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi
(Abulcasis), (936–1013),
Islamic Spain
—
cosmetic dentistry
,
tooth bleaching
,
hair care
,
hair dye
, solid
lipstick
, Hand
cream
and
lotion
,
suntan lotion
, roll-on
deodorant
,
epilepsy
and
seizure
medications,
nasal spray
,
topical
cream,
adhesive bandage
and
plaster
, bone
saw
,
catgut
, cotton
dressing
and
bandage
,
curette
,
retractor
,
sound
, surgical
spoon
, surgical
hook
and
rod
,
ligature
Alexander Zalmanov
, (1875 - 1965),
Russia
—
turpentine bath
Ludwik Łazarz Zamenhof
, (1859-1917)
Russia
/
Poland
—
Esperanto
Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī
(Arzachel), (1028–1087),
Islamic Spain
—
almanac
,
equatorium
, universal
astrolabe
Nikolay Zelinsky
, (1861–1953),
Russia
— the first effective filtering coal
gas mask
in the world
Zhang Heng
, (78–139),
China
— invented the first hydraulic-powered
armillary sphere
Zheng He
, (1371–1433),
China
—
treasure ship
Ziryab
, (789—857),
Iraq
/
Syria
/
Tunisia
/
Spain
—
bangs
,
beauty parlour
,
cosmetology
school,
chemical depilatory
,
toothpaste
, under-arm
deodorant
,
three-course meal
Ibn Zuhr
(Avenzoar), (1091–1161),
Islamic Spain
—
general anaesthesia
,
general anaesthetic
, oral
anesthesia
,
inhalational anaesthetic
,
narcotic
-soaked
sponge
,
tracheotomy
,
parasitology
,
pharmacopoeia
Konrad Zuse
, (22 June 1910–18 December 1995),
Germany
— invented the first Computer (
Z1
,
Z2
,
Z3
,
Z4
)
Vladimir Zworykin
, (1889–1982),
Russia
/
U.S.
—
Iconoscope
,
kinescope
.
References
http://www.aboutmycar.com/category/car_history/creation_history/automobile-invention–1122.htm
In Russian - The geral information on
sounding lines
]
See also
Creativity techniques
List of emerging technologies
The heroic theory of invention and scientific development
List of Russian inventors
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