See also:
Military History
Ancient
Illyria
- Agron (250
BC-230 BC) The first king to unite the
Illyrian tribes together and form a
kingdom. During his rule Illyria was a strong kingdom which had a
strong military force, especially naval. He successfully stopped
the attacks of the Roman Empire and the
Aetolians by keeping his kingdom free till
his death.
Armenia
Berbers
- Lusius Quietus governor of
Judaea and one of the best Trajan's chief generals. See Kitos War.
- Masinissa (c. 238 BC - c. 148 BC) was
the first King of Numidia, an ancient Amazigh North African nation
of ancient Libyan peoples, and is most famous for his role as a
Roman ally in the Battle of
Zama.
Britons
Carthage
Ancient China
- Sun Tzu (Warring States period) General,
author of "The Art of War"
- Wu Qi (Warring States period) General,
author of "Wu-tzu"
- Sun Bin (Warring States period) General,
author of "Sun Bin Bing Fa"
- Yue Yi (Warring States period) General, who almost
single-handedly destroyed Qi
- Tian Dan (Warring States period) General, who single-handedly
resurrected Qi from destruction
- Xiang Yu (Qin) General and rebel against Qin
- Han Xin (Han
Dynasty) Considered the best general of his time, helped
Liu Bang defeat Xiang
Yu
- Wei Qing (Han
Dynasty) General under Emperor Wu
of Han, best known for his decisive campaigns against the
Huns
- Huo Qubing (Han Dynasty) General under Emperor Wu of Han
- Cao Cao (Three
Kingdoms period) Warlord of the Wei
Kingdom, military strategist
- Guan Yu (Three
Kingdoms period) Legendary for his loyalty and martial prowess,
and deified as the God of War in the Sui
Dynasty
- Zhuge Liang (Three Kingdoms period) Military strategist,
adviser to Liu Bei
- Xie Xuan (Jin Dynasty ) Military
strategist
- Ran Min (Southern and Northern
Dynasties) One of few Chinese warlords in the north, well-known
for his genocide against the Jie people
- Li Jing (Tang
Dynasty) General, military strategist, best known for his
decisive campaign against the Göktürks
- Li Shiji (Tang
Dynasty) General, military strategist, best known for
conquering Goguryeo
- Yue Fei (Song
Dynasty) General, military strategist
Ancient Egypt
Gaul
Germania
Ancient Greece
- Miltiades the Younger
(550 BC–489 BC),
Athenian general during the Persian
Wars.
- Callimachus, Athenian
general during the Greco-Persian
Wars.
- Themistocles (525
BC–460 BC), Athenian admiral during the
Persian Wars.
- Leonidas (d. 480
BC), Spartan
king, leader
of the 300 Spartans in the Battle of Thermopylae
.
- Eurybiades, Spartan general during
the Persian Wars.
- Pausanias - Spartan general
during the Persian Wars.
- Cimon (Athenian general)
- Callias (Athenian general)
- Pericles (Athenian politician and
general during the Peloponnesian
War)
- Pyrrhus of Epirus (king of the
Greek tribe of Molossians(from ca. 297 BC), Epirus (306-301,
297-272 BC) and Macedon (288-284, 273-272 BC))
- Demosthenes (Athenian
general during the Peloponnesian War)
- Cleon (Athenian general during the
Peloponnesian War)
- Nicias (Athenian general during the
Peloponnesian War)
- Thucydides (Athenian general during
the Peloponnesian War)
- Brasidas (Spartan general during the
Peloponnesian War)
- Alcibiades (Athenian general during
the Peloponnesian War)
- Phormio (Athenian admiral during the
Peloponnesian War)
- Thrasybulus (Athenian admiral during
the Peloponnesian War)
- Lysander (Spartan admiral during the
Peloponnesian War)
- Xenophon – Elected Commander of the
Ten Thousand Greek mercenaries
against Artaxerxes II of
Persia
- Epaminondas
(Theban
general)
- Philip II of Macedon
(Macedonian king and father of Alexander the Great)
- Alexander the
Great, King of Macedon who conquered the
Achaemenid Empire and the Punjab
and Indus
.
- Ptolemy I Soter, One of
Alexander's generals, founder of the Ptolemaic dynasty, he was the first ruler
of the Ptolemaic Egypt.
- Demetrius I of Bactria, a
Greek-born king who conquered much of what is now Iran, Pakistan
and northern India. He was nicknamed "The Invincible".
- Memnon, Greek mercenary in Persian
service.
- Xanthippus, Greek Mercenary General,
fought for Carthage against Pyrrhus of
Epirus.
- Antigonus I
Monophthalmus, founder of the Antigonid Dynasty.
- Seleucus I Nicator, founder
of the Seleucid Dynasty.
- The Diadochi
Huns
India
- Sudas (circa 15th
century BC), Indian
king who
defeated the ten Rigvedic tribes in
the Battle of the Ten
Kings
- Chanakya (Kautilya) (c. 350-283 BC),
Prime Minister of the Maurya Empire
and author of the Arthashastra
- Chandragupta Maurya
(Sandrocottus) (c. 340-293 BC), Maurya King who conquered the
Nanda Empire and northern Indian subcontinent, and defeated
Seleucus I Nicator of the
Seleucid Empire and other former
generals of Alexander the Great.
- Ashoka the Great (c. 304 BC–232 BC),
Maurya King who conquered Kalinga
- Samudragupta (a.k.a. the
Napoleon of India) (4th century),
Gupta king who conquered over 20
Indian, Scythian and Kushan kingdoms
- Chandragupta II (a.k.a. Vikramaditya or Raghu)
(4th century), Gupta king who conquered 21 Indian, Greek, Persian, Huna, Kamboja, Kirata and Transoxianan
kingdoms
Ancient Israel
Korea
Mesopotamia
- Hammurabi King of Babylon conquered
many native peoples.
- Nebuchadrezzar II King of the
Chaldeans and conqueror of Judah.
- Tiglath-Pileser III King of
Assyria. Conqueror of Israel, Syria, other lands that became
Assyria, force Judah to pay tribute.
- Sargon King of Akkad. Created
strong Akkadian kingdom.
- Ben-hadad King of Aram. Often fought
Israel and, on occasion, Judah.
Persia (during Classical Antiquity)
Persian Empire
- Cyrus the
Great (590 BC–529
BC), who conquered the Median
Empire, Neo-Babylonian
Empire, Lydian Empire and Asia Minor
founding the Persian
Empire.
- Mardonius, Persian general during the
Greco-Persian Wars
- Darius I of
Persia (Darius the Great) (549
BC–486 BC), conquered all the territories
between Asia Minor, Egypt
, northern
Greece
and the
Danube
- Xerxes I of
Persia (Xerxes the Great) (519
BC–465 BC), conqueror of several Greek
cities, burning Athens
.
- Artaphernes, Persian general,
brother of Darius I
- Ariobarzan (d. 330
BC), Persian satrap. He commanded 700
Persian immortals who fought against Alexander the Great at the Battle of the Persian Gate. In
this battle Ariobarzan successfully held the army of Alexander at
bay for 30 days. Some historians have described him as the Leonidas of Persia.
Seleucid Empire
Parthian Empire
- Mithridates the Great,
expanded Parthia's control eastward by defeating King Eucratides of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom. During his reign the
Parthians took Herat
(in 167 BC), Babylonia (in
144 BC), Media in
(141 BC) and Persia
in (139 BC). In 139 BC, Mithridates I captured the
Seleucid King Demetrius II, and held him captive for 10 years
while consolidating his conquests.
- Phraates II,defeated and
killed Antiochus VII Sidetes
in a battle in Media in 129
BC, which ended the Seleucid rule east
of the Euphrates.
- Mithridates II, the
Parthian Empire reached its greatest
extent during his reign. He protected the kingdom from the Saka tribes, who occupied Bactria and the east of Iran
and killed
two of his his predecessors in battle. He defeated King
Artavasdes I of Armenia and
conquered seventy valleys, making the heir to the Armenian throne,
prince Tigranes, a political hostage. In
123 BC and 115 BC he
received Chinese ambassadors sent by the Han emperor Wu Di to reopen the Silk Road
through negotiations.
- 'Surena, Parthian
general who defeated Marcus
Licinius Crassus at the Battle of
Carrhae.
- Phraates
IV,initially lost territory to Roman general Mark Antony in 36 BC but
quickly recovered Media Atropatene
and drove Artaxes, the son of Artavasdes,
back into Armenia
when Mark Antony's war with Octavian broke out.
- Artabanus II, after a
civil war with his predecessor Vonones I he succeeded to the
throne.
- Vardanes
I, in 43 he forced the city of Seleucia
on the Tigris
to
submit. Civil war with his brother Gotarzes II of Parthia resulted in
his assassination.
- Vologases IV, he
reunited the two halves of the empire. He also reconquered the
kingdom of Characene. He might have been
the king who began compiling the writings of Zoroaster. In about 155 BC with a
dispute over the kingdom of
Armenia war began with Rome
which
Parthia lost in 166.
- Artabanus IV, defeated
the Roman Empire under Marcus Opellius Macrinus at the Battle of Nisibis after which the
Romans gave up all their ambitions in the region, restored the
booty, and paid a heavy contribution to the Parthians.
Sassanid Empire
- Ardashir I, established the Sassanid Empire by conquering the Parthian Empire and defeating King Artabanus IV after several years of
brutal warfare. Artabanus IV was killed in 216
BC ending the 400-year rule of the Parthian Empire. Ardashir I conquered
the provinces of Sistan, Gorgan
, Khorasan, Margiana
(in modern Turkmenistan
), Balkh
, and
Chorasmia. Bahrain
and Mosul
were also
added to Sassanid possessions later as
well. He defeated Roman
Emperor Alexander Severus in
232 at the Battle near Ctesiphon
.
- Shapur I conquered
the Mesopotamian fortresses Nisibis
and Carrhae and advanced
into Syria. But was defeated by Timesitheus at the Battle of Resaena in 243. He defeated Roman emperor Philip the Arab (244–249) at the Battle of Misiche. In 253 he defeated Roman
Emperor Valerian at the Battle of Barbalissos. This resulted in the
conquest of Armenia and invasion of Syria
, and he
plundered Antioch
. Roman Emperor Valerian marched against him, but was defeated and
captured at the Battle of Edessa by
Shahpur I. The outcome of the battle was an overwhelming victory,
with the entire 70,000-strong Roman force being slain or
captured.
- Narseh, in 296, fed up with incursions made by the Armenian monarch
Tiridates III, Narseh invaded Armenia.Surprised by the sudden attack, Tiridates fled his
kingdom. The Roman emperor Diocletian dispatched his son-in-law Galerius with a large army to Tiridates's aid.
Galerius invaded Mesopotamia, which
Narseh had occupied hoping to check his advance. Three battles were
fought subsequently, the first two of which were indecisive.
In the
third fought at Callinicum
, Galerius suffered a
complete defeat and was forced to retreat. Later Galerius
would have his revenge and defeat Narseh. The end result was a
peace treaty.
- Shapur II, led an expedition through
Bahrain, defeated the
combined forces of the Arab tribes of "Taghleb", "Bakr bin
Wael", and "Abd Al-Qays" and advanced temporarily into Yamama in central Najd.
He
resettled these tribes in Kerman
and Ahvaz
.
Arabs named him Shabur Dhul-aktaf
which means "The owner of the shoulders" after this battle. A
twenty-six year conflict (337–363) began in two series of wars with
Roman Empire, the first from 337 to 350 against Constantius II. Although often victorious,
Shapur II made scarcely any progress. The second series of
war began in 359 with Shahpur II conquering
Amida
and he took
Singara and some other fortresses in the
next year (360). In 363 Emperor Julian defeated a
superior Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon
, but was killed during his retreat at the Battle of Samarra. His successor
Jovian (363–364) made an ignominious peace,
by which the districts beyond the Tigris which had
been acquired in 298 were handed over along with
Nisibis and Singara, and the promise
not to interfere in Armenia. The outcome was a strategic victory for
Shahpur II. Shapur II invaded Armenia, where he took King Arshak
II prisoner and forced him to commit suicide.
Shapur II
subdued the Kushans and took control of the
entire area now known as Afghanistan
and Pakistan
. By his death in 379 the
Sassinid Empire was stronger than ever before, considerably larger
than when he came to the throne, the eastern enemies were pacified
and had gained control over Armenia.
Ancient Rome
- Cincinnatus (519 BC – 430 BC?) was
an ancient Roman political figure, serving as consul in 460 BC and
Roman dictator in 458 BC and 439 BC. He saved Roman army and
defeated the Aequians.
- Fabius Maximus (275 BC–203 BC), Roman general remembered for intimidating
Hannibal with a stalking technique still
known today as Fabian strategy.
- Scipio Africanus (Scipio
Africanus Major) (235 BC–183 BC), defeated Hannibal at
the Battle of Zama in Second Punic War.
- Lucius Aemilius Paullus,
known as "Macedonicus" for subduing and annexing the Greek province
of Macedonia.
- Scipio Asiaticus (2nd century BC), he was a brother of Scipio
Africanus Maior, he got his nickname "Asiaticus" when he defeated
Antiochus III the Great of
the Seleucid Empire
- Titus Quinctius
Flamininus (228 BC–174
BC), Roman general
- Scipio Aemilianus
Africanus (Scipio Africanus Minor) (185
BC–129 BC), adopted grandson of Scipio Africanus, he was active during the
Third Punic War
- Cato the Elder (234 BC,
Tusculum–149 BC).
- Quintus
Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus (d. 115
BC), Roman Consul, conqueror of Macedon
- Gaius Marius (157
BC–86 BC), Roman general, reorganized the
Roman Legion
- Lucius Cornelius Sulla
(138 BC–78 BC), Roman
general and dictator
- Quintus Sertorius (122 BC–72 BC), Roman
general
- Pompey (106
BC–48 BC), Roman general, Caesar's
greatest rival and leader of the Republican army during the civil
war
- Julius Caesar (100 BC–44 BC), Roman military
leader and dictator, conquered Gaul and defeated his rival Pompey
in a civil war.
- Mark Antony (83
BC–30 BC), Roman general and triumvir,
served under Julius Caesar as his Master
of Horse.
- Augustus (63
BC–14 AD), the first Roman Emperor, successor of Julius
Caesar. He wasn't a military commander per se.
- Marcus Agrippa (63 BC–12 BC), Roman general that
was Augustus' friend and leading general. Defeated Mark Antony
at the decisive naval battle of Actium
.
- Trajan (53–117), Roman Emperor,
extended the Roman Empire to its greatest extent.
- Stilicho (359–408), a late Roman general.
- Aurelian (215–275), Roman Emperor, Reunited the Roman Empire after
decades of civil war during the latter part of the third century
and the beginning of the fourth.
- Constantine I (272)–337, Roman emperor. Famous for
being the first Christian Roman Emperor. Helped to put an end to
institutionalized persecution of Christians in the Empire.
- Julian Roman emperor, defeated the
- Flavius Aetius (396–454), Roman general, checked the
invasion of Attila the Hun.
Middle Ages
Africa
Albania
Franks
China
Korea
Bulgaria
in 896, annihilated the entire Byzantine army in the
Battle of Anchialus in 917.
- Samuil - Warred incessantly
to preserve Bulgarian independence from the Byzantines.
- Ivan Asen I - recovered
Bulgarian territories from the Byzantines and ultimately restored
Bulgarian independence.
- Kaloyan-
Also known as the 'Romanslayer', during the Fourth Crusade, he
crushed the Latin Crusaders at the Battle of Adrianople
and defeated them repeatedly afterwards thus
sealing the fate of the gravely weakened Latin Empire.
Byzantine Empire
- Belisarius, one of the most acclaimed
generals in history, served during the reign of Justinian I.
- Narses, general of Armenian origin, in
service of Justinian I
- Mundus, general of Gepid
origin, in service of Justinian I
- Nicephorus Phocas the elder, Byzantine general, grandfather of
later emperor and namesake
- Bardas Phokas the elder,
Byzantine general and father of Nicephorus II
- Nicephorus II Phocas,
Byzantine emperor and successful general
- Basil II, Byzantine
emperor, conquered Bulgaria,
defeated the Abbassids, annexed Armenia.
- Basil Boiannes, Byzantine general
and catepan of Italy
- George Maniaces, 11th century
Byzantine general
- Nicephorus Botaniates,
11th century Byzantine general, later emperor
- Nicephorus Bryennius, 11th
century Byzantine general
- Taticius, 11th century Byzantine
general
- Alexios I Komnenos, Byzantine
emperor and general
- John II Komnenos, Byzantine
emperor
- Manuel I Komnenos, Byzantine
emperor, campaigned in Hungary and in the Middle East and helped
keep the empire from invasion.
- Roussel de Bailleul, Norman
mercenary in Byzantine service
- Michael
Palaeologus, Byzantine general
- Alexios
Strategopoulos, retook Constantinople
from the Latin
Empire.
- Alexios Philanthropenos,
defeated the Turks in the 1290s.
Arabs
- Abu Bakr (First Caliph of Islam)
- Umar ibn al Khattab (Second Caliph of
Islam)
- Uthman (Third Caliph of Islam)
- Ali ibn Abi Talib (Fourth
Caliph of Islam)
- Abu Ubaidah ibn
al-Jarrah - was Commander in Chief of the Rashidun army and the areas of Syria, Jordan,
Lebanon, Israel, Palestine and Southern Turkey. He defeated the
Byzantine army in the Battle of Maraj-al-Rome and Yarmouk.
He appointed Khalid ibn al-Walid
as commander of his Mobile guard.
- Amr ibn
al-Aas- defeated Byzantine forces in
Egypt, under Theodore at the Battle of Heliopolis and the subsequent
capitulation of Alexandria
in November 641, Arab troops had
taken over what was Roman Egypt.Later he
defeated Manuel at Battle of
Nikiou.
- Sa`d ibn Abi
Waqqas - defeated the Sassanid
Empire at the Battle of al-Qādisiyyah
.
- Yazid ibn Abu Sufyan
- Muawiyah I -
sacked Caesarea
Mazaca
in 647 AD,Salamis of Cyprus
in 650 and re-invaded the island in 654, taking Rhodes
as
well. His initial naval campaigns were very successful
defeating the Byzantine navy off the coast of Lycia (655).
- Shurhabil ibn Hasana
- Qa'qa ibn Amr
- Abd-Allah
ibn al-Zubayr - under leadership of Abdullah ibn Saad marched to Sbeitla
,Tunisia
, the capital of exarchate of Carthage, King
Gregory. Gregory was defeated and killed in the Battle of Sufetula in 647.
- Zirrar ibn Azwar
- Walid ibn Uqba
- quelled a rebellion in Azerbaijan
- Asim ibn Amr
- Hakam ibn Amr -
conquered Makran in 644 after defeating
Hindu King of Sind
Raja Rasal
at a battle near River
Indus
.
- Majasha ibn Masood - In 652, Balochistan
was re-conquered during the campaign against the
revolt in Kermān.
- Abdul
Rehman ibn Samrah - crushed a revolt in Zarang
, Afghanistan.He conquered Kabul
and
Ghazni
.
At the
same time another column moved towards the Quetta
District
in the north-western part of Balochistan 
and in 654 conquered an area
up to the ancient city of Dawar and
Qandabil today known as Bolan.
- Abdullah ibn Aamir
- Khalid ibn al-Walid- won
numerous battles for Arab Muslims in the Roman Syria, Roman Egypt
and Persian fronts. He helped defeat the Byzantine army at the
Battle of Yarmouk. This battle is
also considered to be one of Khalid ibn al-Walid's most decisive
victories.
- Abdullah ibn
Saad - Tripolitania was taken,
followed by Sufetula
, 150 miles south of Carthage
. Abdallah's booty-laden force returned to
Egypt in 648. He defeated Constans II at the naval Battle of
the Masts
in 655.
- Al-Ahnaf Ibn
Qays - helped complete the conquest of Khurasan by bringing Tustar
and
Marwir-Rawdh into the fold of Muslim Arab Empire
and pushed Yazdgerd III all the way to
Merv
in Turkmenistan where he died bringing the Sassanian Imperial
dynasty to an end.
- Al-Nu'man ibn Muqarrin
al-Muzani defeated the Persian Yazdgerd
III at the Battle of
Nihawānd.
- Salman ibn Rabiah
- Abd ar-Rahman ibn
Rabiah
- Ayadh ibn
Ghanam - raided Armenia
- Habib ibn
Muslaimah - commanded a full-scale invasion up to the Black Sea
. He conquered Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
during Caliph Umar's reign the
territories emerged as an autonomous principality within the Muslim
Arab Empire. During Caliph Uthman ibn Affan's reign, a revolt broke
out, and Uthman commissioned Habib ibn Muslaimah again to
re-conquer Armenia and Georgia.
- As-Saffah - established the Abbasid
empire after defeating the Umayyads at Battle of the Zab in 750.
- Ziyad
ibn Salih - defeated the Chinese Tang Dynasty at the Battle of
Talas
in 751 and took control of Syr Darya
(Central
Asia).
- Abu Muslim Khorasani
- Asad ibn al-Furat - began a
major campaign for the conquest of Sicily.
- Harun al-Rashid defeats Nikephoros I at the Battle of Krasos in 805.
- Ali ibn Isa ibn Mahan was defeated at the
Battle of Rayy in March 811.
- Tahir ibn Husayn, a Persian
general served under al-Ma'mun and led the
armies that would defeat Caliph al-Amin at
the Battle of Rayy in March 811, followed by the Siege of Baghdad in which
Caliph al-Amin was killed and al-Ma'mun became the next Caliph.
- Abdullah ibn Tahir
al-Khurasani, most famous for pacifying the lands of the
Caliphate following the civil war between al-Amin and
al-Ma'mun.
- Simjur al-Dawati, received the surrender of
Zaranj
from
al- Mu'addal.
- Ghassan ibn Abbad, crushed a rebellion in
Sind in 831-832.
- Muhammad ibn Humayd al-Tusi, defeated by Babak Khorramdin, a Persian revolutionary
leader of the Khurramiyyah in 831.
- Al-Afshin laid Siege to Babak Castle, used siege machinery and
naphtha-throwers, and finally stormed Babak Castle in August
837 defeating and capturing Babak Khorramdin who was later
executed.
- Ishaq
ibn Ibrahim ibn Mu'sab, defeated the Khurramiyyah at Hamadan
in 833.
- Ujayf ibn Anbasa
- Caliph Al-Mu'tasim defeated Byzantine emperor Theophilus with the help of general
Al-Afshin on July 21, 838 at the Battle of Anzen taking Ancyra
followed
by the Siege of
Amorium
the same year in which the city fell.
- Al-Wathiq defeated Theoktistos at the Battle of Mauropotamos in 844.
- Bugha al-Kabir helped Calpihs
Al-Wathiq and Al-Mutawakkil crush revolts. He attacked and
burned Tiflis
in
851-852.
- Caliph Al-Mutawakkil defeated
Byzantine emperor Michael III at Dazimon
in 860.
- Al-Qummi crushed the Bujah African rebellion
of Upper Egypt in 856.
- Al-Muwaffaq along with Musa bin
Bugha defeated Ya'qub-i
Laith Saffari at the Battle of Dair al-'Aqul
in Iraq
in
876.
- Ahmad ibn
Tulun declared his independence from the Abbasid Caliphate in 874, amid chaos in Iraq due to the
Zanj Rebellion establishing the
Tulunid Dynasty of Egypt. In
877 he defeated Abbasid forces under
Musa bin Bugha
- Muhammad
bin Sulayman with naval support from frontier forces based in
Tarsus
invaded
Egypt and Shaiban ibn
Ahmad ibn Tulun was forced to retreat with his army to Fustat
, where on
10 January 905 he surrendered unconditionally thus bringing an end
to the Tulunid Dynasty of Egypt.
- Nasir ad-Daula
the Hamdanid ruler of Al-Jazira supported Caliph Al-Muttaqi by restoring order in Baghdad
between 940-941.
- Tuzun
the Turk, took Baghdad and removed Caliph Al-Muttaqi in 944. He
defeated the Buwayhids in a Battle at
Wasit.
- Ahmad Mu'izz
al-Daula the Buwayhid, took power in
Baghdad after appeal from Caliph Al-Mustakfi to restore order in the
city.
Mashriq Muslim Dynasties Generals
Zengid dynasty: 1127-1250
Ayyubid dynasty: 1171-1246
Mamluks: 1250-1517
Maghreb Muslim Dynasties Generals
- Abd ar-Rahman ibn
Rustam
- , founder of Fatimid Empire
- Idris I
- Jawhar
as-Siqilli, conquered Egypt for the
Fatimids and founded the city of Cairo
.
- Yusuf ibn
Tashfin, Almoravid general,
defeated King Alfonso VI of
Castile and the combined armies of León
, Aragón
and
Castile on 23 October 1086, at
the Battle of Sagrajas, halting
the Christian advance for four generations in the Iberian
Peninsula
.
- Abd al-Mu'min, Almohad General and founder of the Almohad
Empire.
- Yaqub
al-Mansur, the Almohad General and Amir, defeated Castilian King Alfonso VIII at the Battle of
Alarcos
, on July 18, 1195.
- Al-Afdal Shahanshah was
Fatimid vizier and commander of Egyptian
forces during the First Crusade
- Abu Marwan Abd
al-Malik I Saadi, defeated the Portuguese army under Abu Abdallah Mohammed II
Saadi and King Sebastian of
Portugal at the Battle
of Alcácer Quibir on August 4, 1578
- Ahmad al-Mansur
- Judar Pasha, defeated Askia Ishaq II of the Songhai Empire at The Battle of Tondibi, a decisive
confrontation in Morocco's sixteenth-century invasion of the
Sub-Saharan Empire.
- Al-Rashid, In 1666 he took Fes
and ended
the rule of the Saadi dynasty.
Later he
captured Marrakech
in 1669 and occupied the Sus and
the Anti-Atlas.
- Ahmed Bey
- Abd al-Qadir
- Lalla Fatma N'Soumer
- Omar Mukhtar
Afghan Generals
Ghaznavid empire
Durrani Empire
Turkic Muslim Generals
Seljuks
Ortoqids
- Murad I - defeated Lazar of Serbia at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389.
- Bayezid I -
defeated Allied Europe at the Battle of Nicopolis
in 1396.
- Murad II - took
Thessaloniki
, from the Venetians in 1423 CE.He defeated Władysław III of Poland
and János Hunyadi at the Battle of
Varna
in 1444 and Battle of Kosovo .
- Mehmed II- he conquered Constantinople, bringing an
end to the medieval Byzantine
Empire in 1453.
- Gedik Ahmet
Pasha - conquered the Principality of Theodoro
and Genoese
colonies in Cembalo, Soldaia, and Caffa in 1475.
- Kemal Reis - defeated the Venetians
first at Battle of Zonchio in 1499
and at Battle of Modon in 1500.
- Selim I - marched to Iran in 1514 and
defeated Shah Ismail at the Battle of Chaldiran.He attacked and
destroyed the Mamluk Sultanate at
the Battle of Marj Dabiq and
Battle of Ridanieh in 1517.
- Suleiman
the Magnificent- Belgrade
fell in August 1521. He defeated Louis II of Hungary at the Battle of
Mohács
in 1526. He also defeated Habsburg Monarchy at the Battle
of Szigetvár
in 1566.
- Hayreddin
Barbarossa - In February 1538, Pope Paul III succeeded in
assembling a Holy League (comprising the Papacy, Spain, the
Holy Roman Empire, the Republic
of Venice
and the Maltese Knights) against the Ottomans, but Barbarossa defeated its combined
fleet, commanded by Andrea Doria, at
the Battle of Preveza.
- Piyale Pasha - defeated the Holy
League at Battle of Djerba in
1560.
- Lala
Kara Mustafa Pasha, besieger of Malta
1565 and conqueror
of Cyprus
1570-71.
- Mehmed III's
armies conquered Erlau
and defeated the Habsburg
and Transylvanian forces at the
Battle of Mezőkeresztes
in 1596.
- Murad IV recaptured
Baghdad in 1638 in the Ottoman–Safavid
War of 1623–1639.
- Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed
Pasha - conquered Heraklion
and ended the Cretan War .
- Baltacı Mehmet Paşa - won a major victory at the Battle of Prut
against the Russians in 1710-1711.
- Silahdar Damat Ali Pasha - conquered the Morea in the Turkish-Venetian
War .
- Ahmed al-Jazzar Pasha successfully
defended Acre against Napoleon Bonaparte's Siege of Acre in 1799.
- Sultan Selim III
defeated Admiral John Thomas
Duckworth of the English
navy at the First
Battle of Dardanelles in 1807.
- Alemdar
Mustafa Pasha lead his army of Albanians and Bosnians to
Istanbul
in 1808 in an attempt to
reinstate Selim III as Sultan and restore
his reforms.
- Mahmud Dramali Pasha -
fought in the Greek War of
Independence.
- Reşid Mehmed Pasha -
fought in the Greek War of
Independence and the Egyptian-Ottoman War.
- Omar Pasha - fought in the Crimean War.
- Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
- defeated the Allies of World War
I at the Battle of Gallipoli
in 1915. He stopped the Russians at the Battle
of Bitlis in 1916. He was defeated at the
Battle of Megiddo in
1918 therefore losing Palestine to the British in World War I.
others
Normans
Persia (during the Middle Ages)
Sassanid Empire
- Yazdegerd II,
defeated the Kidarites in 450 and drove them out beyond the Oxus
River. Advancing his pro-Zoroastrian policy, he battled an uprising of
Armenian Christians in the Battle of Vartanantz
in 451 and killed Vartan Mamikonian the Armenian
commander.
- General Sukra drove
the Hephthalites out of Persia during the reign of Emperor Balash.
- Kavadh I joined the Ephthalites and began the Anastasian War against the Byzantine Empire. In 502 he took Theodosiopolis
in Armenia; in 503 Amida
on the Tigris. In 505 an invasion of
Armenia by the western Huns from the
Caucasus led to an armistice, during which
the Romans paid subsidies to the Persians for the maintenance of
the fortifications on the Caucasus.
Iberian War began with the defection of
Iberian king Gourgen to the Romans after
three major battles. Kavadh I won the war
against Byzantine Empire.
- al-Mundhir IV ibn
al-Mundhir an Arab general helped Kavadh
I defeat Roman general Belisarius at
the Battle of Nisibis in
530.
- Azarethes defeated Roman general
Belisarius in the Battle of Callinicum in 531. This defeat forced the Byzantine Empire to pay
heavy tributes in exchange for a peace treaty.
- Khosrau I aka
Anushiravan the Just,invaded Syria and sacked
the great city of Antioch, deporting its people to Mesopotamia, where he built for them a new city
near Ctesiphon under the name of
"Khosrau-Antioch". The Lazic War
was fought between the Byzantine and
Sassanid Empire for controlling the
region of Lazica what is now western Georgia. Lazic war lasted for twenty years, from
541 to 562, with varying success and ended in the Byzantine victory
and peace treaty. Khosrau I destroyed the
Hephthalite Empire
and in 567 he conquered Bactria. Khosrau I conquered the city of Dara on the Euphrates in
573, but after a largely unsuccessful incursion
of Anatolia
in 576 he was heavily
defeated by the Romans in a battle near Melitene
.
- Vahriz was a Sassanid Persian general who in 570 freed Himyarite
Kingdom of Yemen
from the Ethiopians of
Axum
under
Khosrau I directive.
- Bahram Chobin,
successfully defeated a large Göktürk army in the First Perso-Turkic War in 588 taking Balkh and Herat. He
rebelled against Khosrau II and took the
throne as King Bahram VI for about a year till he was ousted by
Khosrau II with the help of his ally
Maurice.
- Khosrau Pervez, despite early
victories against Byzantine Empire
he was defeated by Heraclius at the
Battle of Nineveh.
- Shahin
commanded forces invading Roman
territory in the Transcaucasus,
winning a battle near Theodosiopolis
in 607/8. Following the expulsion of Roman forces
from that region, in 611 Shahin led an advance
into Anatolia, capturing Caesarea
, but was driven out by Roman counter-attack led by
the Emperor Heraclius in the summer of 612
and forced to withdraw to Armenia. In 613 the Roman
offensive pressed on into Syria, but the
combined Persian armies under Shahin and Shahrbaraz crushingly
defeated Heraclius near Antioch and again near the Cilician Gates
. As a result, in 614
Shahin was able to campaign all the way across Anatolia to Chalcedon
on the shore of the Bosphoros
opposite Constantinople, and over the following years mounted further
invasions of Anatolia, causing severe and widespread
devastation. In the spring of 618,
Iranian troops of Shahin and of Shahrbaraz entered Egypt and besieged Alexandria, which soon fell.
- Shahrbaraz took
Damascus
and Jerusalem
from the Byzantine
Empire in 613 and 614
respectively, and the Holy Cross was
carried away in triumph.
- Rhahzadh, was defeated by Heraclius at the Battle of Nineveh
- Bahman, defeated the Abu Ubaid of the Rashidun Caliphate at the Battle of the Bridge in 634. He was eventually defeated and killed at the
Battle of Nihawānd.
- Rostam
Farrokhzād, a powerful Sāsānian general and aristocrat from
Armenia who in 631 conquered Armenia from its Byzantine
governor Prince Varazdirot. He was defeated by Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas at the Battle
of al-Qadisiyyah
in 636 and Iraq annexed by
Rashidun Caliphate.
Muslim Iran
- Ya'qub-i
Laith Saffari, was the founder of the Saffarid dynasty in Sistan he defeated Ibrahim ibn Ilyas Samanid ruler of
Herat in 867 who was sent by governor of Tahirid Khurasan,
Muhammad ibn Tahir during the
Abbasid Caliphate
- 'Ismail Samani, father of Tajiks took the city of Talas, the capital of the Karluk
Turks in 893.
Later established Samanid boundaries of
Transoxiana and Khorasan by defeating the Saffarids.
- Imad al-Daula,
defeated the Turkish general Yaqut from AbbasidCaliphate at
Baghdad in 934 establishing Buwayhid Confederacy of Persian revivalists within
Abbasid Caliphate.
- Shah Ala
ad-Din Muhammad, by 1205 had conquered all
of eastern Great Seljuk and declared
himself Shah In 1212 he
defeated the Gur-Khan Kutluk and
conquered the lands of the Kara-Khanid Khanate, now ruling a
territory from the Syr
Darya almost all the way to Baghdad, and from the Indus River
to the Caspian Sea
known as the Khwarezm
Empire. It was he who brought the wrath of Genghis Khan to the Muslim world by killing his
ambassadors.
- Jalal ad-Din Minkbarny with a badly
equipped army decisively defeated the Mongols at the Battle of Parwan which forced Genghis Khan to face Jalal himself at the
Battle of Indus in 1221.
- Ismail I, founded
the Safavid Shia state
in Azerbaijan in 1502, and had
incorporated all of Iran by 1509.
- Shah ‘Abbas
I, defeated the Uzbeks after 10 years of
constant warfare at the battle of Herat in 1597. In 1603 he took
Baghdad and in 1605 Basra
from the Ottomans and by
1611 Shirvan and
Kurdistan
as well. In 1602, he expelled
the Portuguese from Bahrain. In 1615, he killed more
than 60,000 Georgians and deported a
further 100,000 in Tblisi
after a rebellion. A united army of the
Turks and Tatars was completely defeated near Sultanieh
in 1618.
In
1622 he took the island of Hormuz from the Portuguese: much of the trade was diverted
to the town of Bandar
'Abbas
. The Persian Gulf
was now a Persian Domain.
- Nadir Shah Afshar, rose to power
during a period of anarchy in Persia after a rebellion by Afghans and both theOttomans and the Russians
had seized Persian territory for themselves. Nader reunited the
Persian realm and removed the invaders. He became so
powerful that he decided to depose the last members of the Safavid dynasty, which had ruled Persia for over 200 years, and become shah himself in
1736. His campaigns created a great
Iranian Empire. In 1738 conquered
Kandahar
. Invaded the Mughal Empire and He defeated the Mughal army
at the Battle of Karnal in
February, 1739, he was assassinated in 1747.
- Muhammad
Khan Qajar, In 1795 he attacked Georgia and also captured Khorasan. Shah
Rukh, ruler of Khurasan and
grandson of Nadir Shah, was tortured to death. He was the First
Persian ruler to make Tehran
, then only a village, a capital.
Crusaders
- Godfrey of Bouillon, a
leader of the First Crusade
- Baldwin of Boulogne, a
leader of the First Crusade
- Baldwin of Bourcq,
leader of the First Crusade
- Bohemond of Taranto, a
leader of the First Crusade
- Tancred, a leader of
the First Crusade
- Raymond IV of Toulouse, a
leader of the First Crusade
- Stephen, Count of Blois,
a leader of the First Crusade
- Hugh of Payens, founder of the
Knights Templar
- Frederick Barbarossa, Holy
Roman Emperor and Crusader
- Raymond III of
Tripoli
- Raynald of Chatillon
- Gerard de Ridefort, Grand
Master of the Knights Templar
- Jobert of Syria, Grand Master of
the Knights Hospitaller
- Roger de Moulins, Grand Master
of the Knights Hospitaller
- Richard I
of England, King of England, often referred as Richard the Lionhearted,
participated in the Third
Crusade.
- Boniface of Montferrat,
leader of the Fourth Crusade
- Frederick II,
leader of the Fifth Crusade and
Sixth Crusade
- Louis IX of France, leader of
the Seventh Crusade and Eighth Crusade
Indonesia
- Raden Wijaya, (1293-1309), the
founder and the first Raja (king) of Majapahit, his army defeated
Mongol army at Tuban East java in 1293
- Gajah Mada, (14th century), the
Majapahit Prime Minister that united Nusantara (southeast
Asia)
- Sultan Agung of Mataram
or Sultan Agung
Anyokrokusumo or Sultan
Agung Hanyokrokusumo, (1613-1645), He was the constructor of
the Karta Palace, and the Royal Graveyard of Imogiri.
- Cut Nyak Dien, Commander of Aceh
war against Dutch occupation
- Imam Bonjol, Commander of Padri war
against Dutch occupation during 1825-1830 at center of Java
- Pattimura, Commander of war against
Dutch occupation at Saparua, Ambon.
India
- Lalitaditya Muktapida (8th century),
Kashmiri
king who conquered a number of Indian, Uttarakuru, Kamboja, Turkic, Tocharian,
Tibetan and Dardic kingdoms.
- Devapala (9th
century), Bengali
Pala king who
conquered the Northern Indian, North-East Indian, Andhra
Pradesh
, Huna and Kamboja kingdoms.
- Rajendra Chola
I (11th century), Tamil
Chola king and
naval commander who conquered the Pala
Empire, Srivijaya Empire, Sri Lanka
, and the Chalukya, Rashtrakuta and Pandya
dynasties.
- Bakhtiyar
Khilji, laid the foundation of Muslim rule in Bengal by defeating Lakshman
Sen in 1205.
- Zafar Khan (13th century), Muslim
Indian general who defeated invaders from the Mongol Empire.
- Alauddin Khilji
- Zahir ud-Din Muhammad Babur - conquered
northern India after winning three battles namely; the Battle of Panipat, Battle of Khanwa and Battle of Ghaghra establishing the
Mughal Empire.
- Sher Shah Suri - In 1539, he was
able to defeat Humayun in the Battle of Chausa. Again in 1540, he
defeated Humayun in the Battle of
Kannauj, and went on to capture Delhi
and Agra
.
- Akbar the Great - defeated the
Hindu leader Hemu at the
Battle of Panipat
- Maharana Pratap the ruler of
Mewar was defeated by Raja Man Singh
at the Battle of Haldighati in
1576.
- Aurangzeb, Mughal
ruler annexed the whole of Deccan
.
- Guru Gobind Singh (22 December
1666 – 7 October 1708), was the tenth Guru of the Sikhs. He was a
warrior, a poet, and a spiritual leader, who fought 11 battles with
the Mughals and their Rajput alliances
- Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Sikh king of the sovereign
country of Punjab and the Sikh Empire
- Tipu Sultan, the 'Tiger of Mysore'
fought the Anglo-Mysore Wars
- Chhatrapati Shivaji
Maharaj (a.k.a. Shivaji Raje Bhosle) (1627–1680),
Maratha king who was the founder of Maratha empire in western India in 1674.
- Sambhaji) (1657–1689), Maratha king
who fought vigorously with the Mughals.
- Baji Rao I (1699 –1740), peshwa who expanded Maratha
empire in northern India in early 18th century.
Japan
- Takeda Shingen, daimyo during the Sengoku
period of Japan. Known for the famous phrase "Swift as the Wind,
Silent as a Forest, Fierce as Fire, and Immovable as a Mountain" on
his standard; demonstrating his political and military
strategies.
- Uesugi Kenshin daimyo during the
Sengoku period Japan. Known as the "Dragon of Echigo for his prowess on the battlefield, considered
the primary rival of Takeda Shingen.
- Sanada Yukimura, retainer of
Takeda Shingen, praised as "a hero who may appear once in hundred
years" and "crimson demon of war". In legend, he is the leader of
the Sanada Ten Braves.
- Minamoto no Yoshitsune,
general whose decisive victories brought down the Taira clan during the Genpei
War.
- Oda Nobunaga (1534–1582), warlord
during the Sengoku period of Japan. First of the three unifiers of
Japan.
- Toyotomi Hideyoshi, seized
control over Japan after the death of Oda Nobunaga.
- Tokugawa Ieyasu, finally ended
the Sengoku period, pacified and united Japan, and founded the
Tokugawa shogunate that would
last over 250 years.
- Date Masamune, daimyo during the
Edo period of Japan. He went on to found the
modern-day city of sendai. He was more iconic for being called
dokuganryu the one-eye dragon.
Mongols
- Genghis Khan, Great Khan of the
Mongols, also known as Temüjin.
- Ögedei Khan, Second Great Khan
of the Mongols
- Muqali, general, commanded Mongol
campaigns in Manchuria)
- Subutai, general and childhood friend of
Genghis Khan
- Jebe Noyon, general, participated in
campaigns in Central Asia and Russia.
- Batu Khan, conqueror of Eastern Europe
and first Khan of the Golden
Horde.
- Berke, Khan of the Golden Horde
- Hulagu, Khan of the Ilkhanate
- Kitbuqa, general of the Ilkhanate,
defeated in the Battle of Ain
Jalut
- Burundai, general of the Golden
Horde
- Nogai Khan, general and kingmaker of
the Golden Horde
- Kublai Khan, Fifth Great Khan of the
Mongols, finished the conquest of
China.
- Mamai, general and kingmaker of the Golden
Horde
- Qutlugh Khwaja, launched several
attacks on both Delhi Sultanate and
Ilkhanate.
- Uzbeg Khan longest-reigning Khan of
the Golden Horde
- Tokhtamysh, Khan of the Golden
Horde
- Ghazan
- Tughlugh Timur
- Timur
Vietnam
- Tran Hung Dao, general during the
Trần Dynasty. Lead the armies
that thrice repelled Mongol
invasions of Vietnam.
- Le Loi, A military commander and founder
of the le dynasty, he is among the most famous figures from the
medieval period of Vietnamese history and one of its greatest
heroes.
- Nguyen Hue known as Emperor Quang
Trung (光中皇帝; Quang Trung Hoàng đế ) .He was also one of the most
successful military commanders in Vietnam's history
Russian
English
Scottish
Irish
French
Iberian
Serbian
Welsh
Modern Era
Early Modern Era
- Sir Francis Drake Admiral and
Privateer of Queen Elizabeth's navy.
- Nadir Shah, Iran
- Hernán Cortés (Spanish
conquistador)
- Cuauhtémoc (Aztec)
- Chief Gall (Lakota)
- Konstanty Ostrogski
- Nzinga of Ndongo and
Matamba (Warrior Queen of the Mbundu people; kept Portugal at
bay)
- Shivaji (Ruler of the Maratha
empire)
- Louis XIV of France (During
his reign, he increased the power and influence of France in
Europe, in three major wars)
- Bajirao I (Peshwa of the Maratha
Empire)
- Madhavrao I Scindia (Shinde
of Gwalior)
- Sir Walter
Raleigh (English Admiral under Queen
Elizabeth I)
- Francisco Pizarro (Spanish
conquistador, conquered the Inca)
- Mikhail
Skopin-Shuisky
- Louis II de Condé
- Henri de la Tour
d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne
- Koxinga (Ming
general, took over Taiwan
)
- Jan Zamojski
- Stefan Batory (King of Poland)
- Jan Karol Chodkiewicz
- Stanisław
Żółkiewski (polish magnate and hetman, captured Moscow)
- John III Sobieski (King of Poland, commander in Battle of Vienna and wars with Turkey)
- Prince Eugene of Savoy
(Austria)
- Maurice, comte de Saxe
(France)
- Oliver Cromwell (English Civil War)
- Gustavus Adolphus (Swedish
King in the Thirty Years'
War)
- Johan Banér (Swedish Field
Marshal in the Thirty Years'
War)
- Lennart Torstenson (Swedish
Field Marshal in the Thirty Years'
War)
- Nils Brahe (Swedish General in the
Thirty Years' War)
- Albrecht von
Wallenstein (general in the Thirty
Years' War)
- Johann Tserclaes,
Count of Tilly (general in the Thirty Year's War)
- Louis of Nassau, brother of
William the Silent commander in
the Eighty Years' War
- Charles de
Héraugière, the Eighty Years'
War commander of a special force, which conquered Breda in a
"Trojan Horse" action.
- Ernst Casimir van
Nassau-Dietz military commander in the Eighty Years' War, Stadtholder of Friesland, Groningen
and Drenthe for the Dutch Republic
- Frederick Henry,
Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of the
Dutch Republic, overall commander of
the Dutch forces (Captain and Admiral-General) in the Eighty Years' War for the Dutch Republic
- Maurice of
Nassau, Prince of Orange,Stadtholder, military commander in the Eighty Years' War for the Dutch Republic
- Hendrik Casimir I van
Nassau-Dietz, military commander in the Eighty Years' War, Stadtholder of Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe
- Henry IV of France, was
involved in the Wars of Religion before ascending to the throne in
1589.
- Piet Pieterszoon Hein,
vice-admiral and admiral during the Eighty Years' War
- Maarten Tromp, Admiral during the
Eighty Years' War and the First Anglo-Dutch War
- Michiel de Ruyter, The
Netherlands (admiral in the First
Anglo-Dutch War, the Second
Anglo-Dutch War, the Third
Anglo-Dutch War and the Franco-Dutch War
- Heino Heinrich Graf von
Flemming (Austria
)
- Duke of
Marlborough (War of
the Spanish Succession)
- Gottfried
Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim
- Alexander Menshikov
- Charles XII of Sweden
- Peter The Great (Great Northern War)
- Frederick II of
Prussia
- Peter Rumyantsev
- Alexander Suvorov
- Feodor Ushakov
- George Washington
- Kazimierz Pulaski
- Tadeusz Kosciuszko
- Charles Cornwallis
- Nathanael Greene
- John Stark
(Victor at the Battle of Bennington
)
- Napoleon Bonaparte (Emperor of the French)
- Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood
- Jean Baptiste
Bessieres
- Jean Baptiste
Bernadotte
- Joachim Murat
- Louis Nicolas Davout
- Louis Alexandre
Berthier
- Michel Ney
- Jean Lannes
- Auguste Marmont
- Laurent,
Marquis de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
- Nicolas Oudinot
- Nicolas Jean de Dieu
Soult
- Guillaume Brune
- Jean Baptiste Jourdan
- André Masséna
- Louis Gabriel Suchet
- Jozef Poniatowski (Prince of
Grand Duchy of Warsaw, Marschal of France)
- Jose de San Martin (Argentine
General. Liberator of Argentina
, Chile
and Peru
)
- Mikhail Illarionovich
Kutuzov
- Arthur
Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
- Horatio Nelson British Navy
Officer (late 1700 to 1805)
- Isaac Brock (British major general
in Canada during War of 1812)
- François-Marie, 1st duc
de Broglie
- Victor-Maurice,
comte de Broglie
- Gebhard Leberecht
von Blücher
- Peter Wittgenstein
- Petr Bagration
- Michael Andreas
Barclay de Tolly (Russian Field Marshal)
- Andres Bonifacio
(Katipunero)
- Shaka (changed the Zulu tribe from a small clan into a nation)
- Sir George Howard
(UK)
- Aleksey Petrovich
Yermolov (Caucasian wars)
- Simón Bolívar (South
American nationalist and general)
- Luís
Alves de Lima e Silva, duke of Caxias (Brazilian soldier and
politician)
- Gaston d'Orleans, comte
d'Eu (French-born Brazilian general)
- José de San Martín
(South American nationalist and general)
- Giuseppe Garibaldi (South
American and Italian independence wars general)
- Zuo Zongtang (Chinese general)
- Zeng Guofan (Chinese military
commander)
- Li Hongzhang (Chinese general)
- Winfield Scott (Mexican-American
War)
- Antonio López de
Santa Anna (Mexican-American War)
- P.G.T. Beauregard (US Civil War)
- David Farragut (US Civil
War)
- Robert E. Lee (US Civil War)
- Ulysses S. Grant (US Civil War)
- Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson (US
Civil War)
- William Tecumseh
Sherman (US Civil War)
- George McClellan (US Civil
War)
- George Meade (US Civil War)
- A.E. Burnside (US Civil War)
- Beverly Robertson (US Civil
War)
- Braxton Bragg (US Civil War)
- Joseph E. Johnston (US Civil War)
- George Pickett (US Civil
War)
- Henry Jackson Hunt (US Civil
War)
- Phillip H. Sheridan (US Civil War)
- James Longstreet (US Civil
War)
- Joseph Gilbert Totten (US
Civil War)
- Thomas Francis Meagher
(US Civil War)
- Sir Harry Smith (UK)
- Pavel Nakhimov (Crimean War)
- Mikhail Skobelev (Russo-Turkish
and Central Asian wars)
- Joseph Gurko (Bulgarian war)
- Pancho Villa (Mexican
Revolutionary)
- Horatio Kitchener
- Yuan Shikai (China)
- Yamagata Aritomo (Japan)
- Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
(Balkan Wars, World War I Turkey)
- Živojin Mišić
(Serbo-Tuskish Wars, Serbo-Bulgarian War, Balkan Wars, World War I,
Serbia)
- Stepa Stepanović
(Serbo-Bulgarian War, Balkan Wars, World War I, Serbia)
- Douglas Haig (World War I UK)
- Aleksei Brusilov (World War I
Russia)
- Ferdinand Foch (World War I
France)
- Erich Ludendorff (World War I
Germany)
- Paul Erich von
Lettow-Vorbeck (World War I Germany, never defeated, lead
campaign in East Africa)
- Paul von Hindenburg (World
War I Germany)
- Vladimir Vazov (World War I
Bulgaria, never defeated; defeated superior Anglo-Greek forces at
Doiran)
- John Monash (World War I
Australia)
- Arthur Currie (World War I
Canada)
- John J. Pershing (World War I US)
- Erich von Falkenhayn (World
War I Germany)
- Hugh
Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard (World War I UK, commander of
the Royal Flying Corps and father of the Royal Air Force)
- William S. Harney (US)
- Sterling Price (US Civil
War)
- Hermann von François
(German general, World War I)
- Helmuth von Moltke
(Prussian/German general, Franco-Prussian War)
- Patrice MacMahon (Marshal of
France, Franco-Prussian War)
- Michael Collins
(Irish War of
Independence)
- Emilio Aguinaldo (First
Philippine President, Philippine-Spanish War)
- Macario Sakay (Filipino General,
80 years of rebellion against Spain)
- Gabriela Silang (Filipina
Revolutionary Leader)
- Baibars (Mamluke General)
- Ghazi Osman Pasha (Ottoman
hero of the Siege of Pleven in the Russo Turkish War)
- Miguel Primo de Rivera
(Captain General in the Third Rif War)
- Francisco de
Baqueiro, duke of Berducido and Vigo (General and Admiral
during the Spanish-American war)
- Francisco Javier
Girón, duke of Ahumada (Spanish General)
- Osman Digna (Sudan)
- Theodore Roosevelt ( Colonel
and commander of First U.S. Volunteer Cavalry Regiment in Spanish-American War in Cuba
1898
).
World War II - 1990
- Adan, Abraham (1947-1973
Israel)
- Anders, Wladyslaw
(World War II Poland)
- Alexander, Harold (World War
II, UK)
- Auchinleck, Claude (World War
II UK)
- Biao, Lin (World War II, China)
- Blamey, Thomas (World War II,
Australia)
- Buckner Jr., Simon
Bolivar (World War II, US)
- Bradley, Omar (World War II,
US)
- Lord Alan Brooke (World War II,
UK)
- K.M. Cariappa (World War II & 1st Indo-Pak War
1948, India)
- Castro, Fidel (1950s Cuba)
- Chuikov, Vasily (World War II
Soviet Union)
- Clark, Mark (World War II US)
- Michael O'Moore Creagh (World War II UK)
- De Wiart, Adrian Carton
(World War II UK)
- Crerar, Henry Duncan
Graham (Canada's leading general during World War II)
- Cunningham, Alan Gordon
(World War II UK)
- Cunningham,
Andrew Brown (World War II UK)
- Dayan, Moshe (Israel)
- Peng Dehuai (World War II, Chinese
Civil War and Korean War, China)
- Dempsey, Miles (World War II
UK)
- Dumitrescu, Petre (World War II
Romania)
- De, Zhu (Chinese communist revolutionary
leader)
- Eisenhower, Dwight (World War
II US)
- Franks, Tommy (Iraq US)
- Fraser, Simon
(World War II UK)
- Freyberg, Bernard (World War I
World War II NZ)
- Göring, Hermann (World War I
World War II Germany)
- Gott, William (World War II
UK)
- Giap, Vo Nguyen (First Indochina
War and Vietnam War, Vietnam)
- Guevara, Che (1950s Cuba)
- Graziani, Rodolfo (World War II
Italy)
- De Gaulle, Charles (World War
II France)
- Guderian, Heinz (World War II
Germany)
- Harris Arthur
(World War II RAF)
- Heinrici, Gotthard (World War
II Germany)
- Hitler, Adolf (World War II
Germany)
- Horrocks, Brian (World War II
UK)
- Kesselring, Albert (World War
II Germany)
- Kjærnested,
Guðmundur (Anglo-Icelandic Cod War's I, II & III
Iceland)
- Koenig, Marie Pierre (World
War II France)
- Konev, Ivan (World War II Soviet
Union)
- Krueger, Walter (World War II
US)
- de Lattre de Tassigny,
Jean (World War II France)
- Leclerc, Philippe (France World
War II)
- Leese, Oliver (World War II
UK)
- MacArthur, Douglas (World War
II and Korea, US)
- Maczek, Stanislaw (World
War II Poland)
- McNaughton, Andrew (World War
I, World War II Canada)
- Manekshaw, Sam (3rd Indo-Pak War
1971, India)
- Mannerheim, Carl Gustaf
Emil (Winter War and World War II
Finland)
- Marshall, George (World War
II US Army))
- Massoud, Ahmad Shah
(1979-2001 Afghanistan)
- Ushijima, Mitsuru (World War II
Japan)
- Model, Walther (World War II
Germany)
- Field Marshal Montgomery
(World War II UK)
- Morshead, Leslie (World War II
Australia)
- Mountbatten,
Louis (World War II UK)
- Mukhtar, Omar (Libyan freedom
fighter who fought against the Italians from 1911 to 1931)
- Prince Higashikuni Naruhiko
(World War II Japan)
- Nimitz, Chester (World War II US
Navy)
- O'Connor, Richard (World War II
UK)
- Papagos, Alexandros (World War
II Greece)
- Patton, George (World War II
US)
- Paulus, Friedrich (World War II
Germany)
- Petraus, David (Iraq US)
- Powell, Colin (Persian Gulf
US)
- "Chesty" Puller (World War II US
Marines)
- Rabin, Yitzhak (Israel)
- Ramos, Fidel (Korean War)
- Ridgway, Matthew (World War
II and Korea, US)
- Ritchie, Neil (World War II
UK)
- Rokossovsky, Konstantin
(World War II Soviet Union)
- Rommel, Erwin (World War II
Germany)
- von Rundstedt, Gerd (World
War II Germany)
- von Manstein, Erich (World
War II Germany)
- Stane, Franc Rozman (World
War II Slovene partisans)
- Singh, Arjan (2nd Indo-Pak War
1965,India)
- William Slim
(World War II UK)
- Sharon, Ariel (Israel)
- Schlemm, Alfred (World War II
Germany)
- Spaatz Carl (World War II USAF)
- Spruance, Raymond (World War II
US Navy)
- Student, Kurt (World War II
Germany)
- Mihailović, Dragoljub
"Draža" (World War II General of Serbian Royalists)
- Tito, Josip Broz (World War II
Yugoslav partisans)
- Kodandera Subayya
Thimayya (World War II, Korea, Congo & Cyprus, India)
- Vasilevsky, Aleksandr
(World War II Soviet Union)
- Wavell,
Archibald (World War II UK)
- Westmoreland, William
(Vietnam War US)
- Woodward, Sandy (Falklands War)
- Vatutin, Nikolai
(World War II Soviet Union)
- Voroshilov, Kliment (Winter
War and World War II)
- Isoroku, Yamamoto (World War II
Japan)
- Yi, Chen (World War II China
)
- Zedong, Mao
(Chinese
communist leader)
- Zhukov, Georgy (World War II
Soviet Union)
- Maneckshaw, Sam ( 1971 Indo Pak
WAR, India)
- Monte Melkonian (Nagorno-Karabakh War Armenian
commander)
- Hans Frank Hitler's lawyer and later
senior Nazi official in occupied Poland (Germany)
- Hermann Göring
Reichsmarschall, Commander of the Luftwaffe, founder of the
Gestapo. (Germany)
- Reinhard Heydrich chief of the
Reich Main Security Office (head of the Gestapo) (Germany)
- Heinrich Himmler leader of the
SS, key figure in the Holocaust and the "Final Solution"
(Germany)
- Alfred Jodl senior nazi military
commander (Germany)
- Erwin Rommel The "Desert Fox"
German tank commander in Africa, and Field Marshal of Germany.
Remained the toughest German commander to beat for the allies.
Wrote the book Infantry Attacks. (Germany)
- Wilhelm Keitel military Field
Marshal during World War II (Germany)
- Kim Ja Jin Leader of the Korean
Revolutionary Army (World War II Korea)
- Sudirman ,First TNI General after
Indonesian independence declaration (Indonesia)
- Yos Sudarso, Commander of Laut Aru
battle. (Indonesia)
- Robert Wolter
Monginsidi, Commander of Makassar battle (Indonesia)
- Sutomo, also known as Bung Tomo, commander of Surabaya battle against
British Army (Indonesia)
- I Gusti Ngurah Rai, Commander
of Puputan Margarana Battle against Dutch Army at Bali
(Indonesia)
After 1990
See also
against the Sassanids
which preserved Christianity in Armenia.
.
to Eilat
.
in 1235 and established the
Mali Empire. Mali became one of
the wealthiest Muslim kingdoms in the world
at the time (roughly 1230-1450), exporting gold by the ton to
North Africa, Europe and the Middle
East.
)
)
in 674; He also helped defeat
Husayn ibn Ali at the Battle of
Karbala] in 680.
in
676.
and the
first exploratory Islamic forays into the Indian frontier.
Under him
the conquest of Makran, where susbstantial
Azdi Arabs were settled, was consolidated and
military incursions into Sindh
, in the
Punjab in present day Pakistan
and Morocco
in North Africa. He was also the nephew of
Amr ibn al-Aas
during the Seventh Crusade. Fought and
defeated the 7th, 8th, and 9th Crusades.
, Syria
of Egypt
.
Upon his death, Qutb-ud-din Aybak,
Muhammad Ghori's most capable general, took control of Muhammad's
Indian conquests and declared himself the first Sultan of Delhi
thus establishing Sultanate of
Delhi.
and conquered Khorasan in 1040.
in 1071 preparing the way for the Turkish
settlement in Anatolia
in 1119.
, Grand Prince of Vladimir, saint and national hero of Russia)
.
knight and hero)
Supreme
Commander
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