encompassing land, naval,
and air engagements as well as campaigns, operations, defensive
lines and sieges. Campaigns generally refer to broader strategic
operations conducted over a large bit of territory and over a long
period of time. Battles generally refer to short periods of intense
combat localised to a specific area and over a specific period of
time. However, use of the terms in naming such events is not
consistent. For example, the
was
more or less an entire theatre of war, and the so-called battle
lasted for the duration of the entire war. Another misnomer is the
| • Battle of
Osankarica |
About 2000 Germans massacred all 69 men and women of the
Pohorje battalion. Germans lost 19 men and had 31 wounded. |
•
Battle of
Rennell Island |
Japanese bombers sink a cruiser. |
•
Battle of
Guadalcanal |
Allies take the island. |
•
Third Battle
of Kharkov |
Germans retake Kharkov . |
•
Battle of
the Kasserine Pass |
Battle between US and German armored forces
in Tunisia . |
| • Battle of Neretva |
German Army (Wehrmacht
Heer) offensive in southern Bosnia. Offensive launched to encircle and
destroy the Yugoslavian Communist Partisan forces found there.
Supporting the German forces in this effort
were Italian,
Croatian , Ustaše, and Yugoslavian
Royalist Chetnik
units. The partisans were badly mauled but managed to escape
encirclement. |
| • Battle of the
Komandorski Islands |
Naval
engagement between US and Japan in the Bering Sea . |
| • Battle of Bismarck
Sea |
US sinks
Japanese transports. |
•
Battle of
Attu |
US troops
defeat and drive the Japanese off the Aleutian Islands of Alaska. |
| • Warsaw Ghetto
Uprising |
5,000 Jews and 2,000 Germans die, Jews confined. |
| • Battle of Sutjeska |
Another attempt by German forces in Yugoslavia, this time supported by Italian, Bulgarian , Croatian , and Cossack units, to
encircle and destroy the Yugoslavian
Communist Partisan forces in southern Bosnia. Again, the partisans were
mauled but escaped. |
| • Battle of Castle
Turjak |
Slovene partisans took the castle guarded by the Slovene
village sentries. |
•
Battle of
Kursk |
Germans attack Kursk salient
at Orel and Belgorod , Russians drive them back. Arguably the
largest tank battle ever fought. |
| • Allied invasion of
Sicily |
Allies take Sicily from the Italians and
German armies. |
| • Allied invasion of
Italy |
Landings at Calabria, Taranto and Salerno . |
• Dodecanese Campaign
- : Battle of Kos
- : Battle of Leros
|
Allied and German scramble to occupy the Dodecanese Islands.
- German amphibious and airborne operation to capture Kos.
- German amphibious and airborne operation to capture Kos.
|
•
Battle of
Smolensk |
The
Soviets attack 850,000 German troops near Smolensk fortified region, drive them back inflicting severe
losses. |
| • Battle of Kiev |
Kiev retaken
by Soviets. |
| • Raid on Schweinfurt |
milestone air battle between the Luftwaffe and the USAAF known
as "Black Thursday." |
| • Schweinfurt-Regensburg
mission |
another major daylight air battle, first shuttle mission. |
•
Battle of
Tarawa |
First major American amphibious
landing in the Pacific. |
| • Battle of Makin |
Americans capture the atoll of Makin Atoll . |
| • Battle of the Bernhardt
Line |
U.S. 5th Army sustains 16,000 casualties
fighting through the Mignano Gap to reach the Cassino defenses. |
| • Battle of
Cisterna |
Part of Operation Shingle, the
1st, 3rd, and 4th US Army Ranger battalions attempted to capture
the town of Cisterna. |
•
Battle
of Monte Cassino |
Four
battles in Italy Jan -
May. Allies finally breakthrough towards
Rome . |
•
Battle
of Kwajalein |
American forces assault the islands of Kwajalein and
Roi-Namur. |
| • Battle of the Admin
Box |
Japanese attempt a local counter-attack against an Allied
offensive. |
| • Battle of Eniwetok |
Battle between American and Japanese on Eniwetok Atoll. |
| • Battle of Imphal and Battle of Kohima |
Attempted Japanese invasion of India fails with heavy losses. |
| • Operation Rösselsprung |
German attempt to capture Tito
using airborne troops. |
| • Battle of Normandy |
Allies invade northern France (Operation Overlord), hard fighting from
Cherbourg to Caen, Germans surrounded and destroyed at
Falaise. |
| • Battle of Saipan |
The
battle was fought on the island of Saipan in the Mariana Islands and resulted disastrous for Japanese forces since
most died. |
| • Battle of Guam |
American forces capture back Guam . |
| • Battle of Tinian |
American forces capture Tinian . |
| • Operation Bagration |
Soviet offensive destroys German Army Group Center on the
Eastern Front. |
| • Battle of Philippine
Sea |
Major carrier battle; US lose 123 planes and destroy 315
Japanese planes. |
| • Battle of Fontenay |
•
Battle
of Tali-Ihantala |
Finnish stop Soviet offensive. |
| • Warsaw Uprising |
20.000 armed Poles against 55.000 Wehrmacht and SS . 90%
of city destroyed, more than 250.000 casualties. |
| • Operation Dragoon |
Allied invasion of Southern France. |
| • Battle of Debrecen |
Soviets gain ground in Hungary but German and Hungarian forces manage to withdraw
relatively intact after both sides suffer similar
losses. |
| • Gothic Line offensive |
British 8th Army and U.S. 5th Army attempt unsuccessfully to
break into the north Italian plains. |
| • Battle of Arnhem |
The major battle of Operation Market Garden; Allies
reach but fail to cross the Rhine; British First Airborne Division
destroyed. |
| • Battle of Peleliu |
A
fight to capture an airstrip on a speck of coral in the western
Pacific . |
•
Battle
of Aachen |
Aachen was the first major German city to face invasion
during World War II. |
| • Battle of the
Scheldt |
Decisive Canadian victory, solved the
logistical problems of the Allies, and opened the port of Antwerp for supplies directly to the front. |
•
Battle
of Crucifix Hill |
The 18th Infantry, U.S. 1st Infantry Division take
Crucifix
Hill , a crucial position to help surround Aachen . Cpt. Bobbie
E. Brown wins a Medal of Honor for his heroics. |
| • Battle of Angaur |
American forces capture an island in
Palau . |
•
Battle
of Hurtgen Forest |
Stubborn German defense, appalling losses to US army. |
•
Battle
of Leyte |
American and Filipino guerrillas forces capture Leyte. |
•
Battle
of Leyte Gulf |
The largest air-sea battle in history. |
| • Operation Queen |
was
a joint British-American operation during World War II at the
Western Front between Aachen and the Rur river. |
| • Battle of the Bulge |
German counterattack in Ardennes ; General McAuliffe
says "NUTS" at Bastogne . |
| • Operation
Elephant |
Allied offensive against a German
bridgehead at Kapelsche Veer in the Netherlands . |
•
Raid at
Cabanatuan |
US Army
Rangers rescue Bataan and Corregidor POWs from Japanese prison
camp. |
| • Battle of Bataan |
U.S. and Philippine Forces retake the historic Bataan
Peninsula. |
| • Battle of Manila |
City totally devastated after month-long battle between the
American, Filipino and Japanese forces; 100,000 civilians
killed. |
| • Battle of
Luzon |
The
battle where Mexico entered World War II,
contributing pilots to help the United States and the Philippines defeat Japan in the South Pacific, with a
loss of 37,870 Allied
soldiers and 217,000 Japanese
soldiers, resulting in an Allied victory |
| • Battle of
Corregidor |
Spectacular combined U.S. and Philippine assault retakes island
bastion from Japanese forces. |
| • Raid at Los Baños |
U.S. Airborne Task Force rescues more than 2,000 Allied POWs
and civilian internees held by Japanese. |
| • Battle of Mindanao |
U.S. Eighth Army together with the Philippine
Commonwealth troops completes the recapture of Southern
Philippines. |
•
Operation Varsity |
134 Allied gliders land troops in Weisel. |
| • Battle of the
Visayas |
U.S. Eighth Army together with the Philippine
Commonwealth troops retakes central Philippine islands. |
| • Battle of Meiktila
and Mandalay |
Japanese defeated in decisive battle in
Central Burma |
•
Battle
of Iwo Jima |
After a month, U.S. Forces take main offshore Japanese
island. |
| • Battle of
West Henan–North Hubei |
Indecisive battle between China and Japan. Japan controls
airbases after battle. |
•
Battle
of Halbe |
Part of Battle of Berlin, Germans unable to break out. |
| • Battle of Berlin |
Soviet forces encircle and capture German capital; Hitler
commits suicide. |
| • Battle
of Triest |
British army and Yugoslav capture the city. |
•
Battle
of Tarakan |
Allied attack as part of the Borneo campaign. |
| • Battle of Poljana |
Last battle of World War II in
Europe. |
| • Battle of West Hunan |
Chinese victory in final battle to expel
Japan . |
| • Battle of Okinawa |
US takes Japanese Island in the Ryūkyūs; many casualties to
both sides. |
| • Battle of North
Borneo |
Australian victory during final stages of World War II in the
Pacific. |
| • Battle of
Balikpapan |
Allied victory over Japan . |
| • Battle of Manchuria |
Soviet forces liberate Manchuria. |
. The
, by means of small boats.