Miami-Dade County (often
referred to as simply Miami-Dade, Dade
County, or Dade) is a county located in the southeastern part of the
state of Florida
. The
United States Census
Bureau estimates that the county population was 2,387,170 in
2007, making it the most populous county in Florida and the
ninth
most populous county in the United States. It is also Florida's
second largest county in terms of land area, with 1,946 square
miles.
The
county's population makes up approximately half of the South Florida
metropolitan area
population and holds several of the principal
cities of South Florida. The county seat is
the City of Miami
.
The county is home to 35 incorporated
cities
and many
unincorporated areas.
The
eastern portion of the county is heavily urbanized with many high
rises up the coastline, as well as the location of the county's
central business district,
Downtown
Miami
. The western portion of the county extends
into the Everglades
National Park
and is unpopulated. East of the mainland
in Biscayne
Bay
is also Biscayne National Park
, making Miami the only metropolitan area in the United States
that borders two national
parks.
History
Pre-European contact
The earliest evidence of Native American settlement in the Miami
region came from about 12,000 years ago. The first inhabitants
settled on the banks of the
Miami
River, with the main villages on the northern banks.
The
inhabitants at the time of first European
contact were the Tequesta people, who
controlled much of southeastern Florida, including what is now
Miami-Dade
County
, Broward County, and
the southern part of Palm Beach
County. The Tequesta Indians fished, hunted, and
gathered the fruit and roots of plants for food, but did not
practice any form of agriculture. They buried the small bones of
the deceased with the rest of the body, and put the larger bones in
a box for the village people to see.
The Tequesta are
credited with making the Miami Circle
.
European contact
Juan Ponce de León was the first
European to visit the area in 1513 by sailing into Biscayne Bay. His journal records that he reached
Chequescha, which was Miami's first recorded name. It is
unknown whether he came ashore or made contact with the Indians.
Pedro Menéndez de
Avilés and his men made the first recorded landing when they
visited the
Tequesta settlement in 1566
while looking for Avilés' missing son, shipwrecked a year earlier.
Spanish soldiers led by Father Francisco Villarreal built a Jesuit
mission at the mouth of the Miami River a year later but it was
short-lived. After the Spaniards left, the Tequesta Indians were
left to fend themselves from European-introduced diseases like
smallpox.
By 1711, the Tequesta sent a couple of
local chiefs to Havana
, Cuba
, to ask if
they could migrate there. The Cubans sent two ships to help
them, but Spanish illnesses struck and most of the Indians
died.
The first permanent European settlers arrived in the early 1800s.
People
came from the Bahamas
to South Florida and the Keys
to hunt for
treasure from the ships that ran aground on the treacherous Great
Florida reef. Some accepted Spanish land offers along the
Miami River. At about the same time, the
Seminole Indians arrived, along with a group of
runaway slaves. The area was affected by the
Second Seminole War, during which Major
William S. Harney led several raids against the
Indians.
Most non-Indian residents were soldiers
stationed at Fort
Dallas
. It was the most devastating Indian war in
American history, causing almost a total loss of population in the
Miami area.
After the Second Seminole War ended in 1842,
William English, re-established a
plantation started by his uncle on the Miami River. He charted the
“Village of Miami” on the south bank of the Miami River and sold
several plots of land. In 1844, Miami became the county seat, and
six years later a census reported that there were ninety-six
residents living in the area. The
Third Seminole War was not
as destructive as the second one. Even so, it slowed down the
settlement of southeast Florida. At the end of the war, a few of
the soldiers stayed.
Birth of Dade County
Dade County was created on January 18, 1836 under the Territorial
Act of the United States. The county was named after Major
Francis L. Dade, a
soldier killed in 1835 in the Second
Seminole War, at what has since been named the Dade
Battlefield
. At the time of its creation, Dade County
included the land that now contains Palm
Beach
and Broward
counties, together with the Florida Keys from Bahia Honda Key
north and the land of present day Miami-Dade
County. The county seat was originally at Indian Key in the Florida Keys, then in 1844, the
County seat was moved to Miami
.
The
Florida Keys from Key
Largo
to Bahia Honda were returned to Monroe
County
in 1866. In 1888 the county seat was moved to Juno,
near present-day Juno Beach, Florida
, returning to Miami in 1899. In 1909, Palm
Beach County was formed from the northern portion of what was then
Dade County, and then in 1915, Palm Beach County and Dade County
contributed nearly equal portions of land to create what is now
Broward County. There have been no significant boundary changes to
the county since 1915.
The
second-costliest natural disaster
to occur in the United
States
was Hurricane
Andrew, which hit this county early Monday morning on August
24, 1992. It struck the central part of the county
from due east, south of Miami and very near Homestead
, Kendall
, and Cutler
Ridge
(now the Town of Cutler Bay
). Damages numbered over US$25
billion in the county alone, and
recovery has taken years in these areas where the destruction was
greatest. This was the costliest natural disaster in US history
until
Hurricane Katrina struck the
Gulf region in 2005.
After the
Cuban Revolution, exiles
from Cuba migrated in large numbers to Dade County.
On
November 13, 1997 voters changed the name of the county from
Dade to Miami-Dade to acknowledge the
international name recognition of Miami.
Geography
Physical geography
Miami-Dade County is close to sea level in elevation averaging
about 6 feet above sea level. It is rather new geologically and
located at the eastern edge of the
Florida Platform, a
carbonate plateau created millions of years ago.
Eastern Dade is composed of
Oolite limestone while western Dade is composed mostly of
Bryozoa. Miami-Dade is among the last areas
of Florida to be created and populated with fauna and flora, mostly
in the
Pleistocene.
Population
According to the
U.S.
Census Bureau, the county has a
total area of 2,431 square miles (6,297 km²), of which,
1,946 square miles (5,040 km²) of it is land and
485 square miles (1,257 km²) of it (19.96%) is water,
most of which is Biscayne
Bay, with another significant portion in the adjacent
waters of the Atlantic
Ocean
.
The
bay is divided from the Atlantic
Ocean by the many barrier isles along the coast, one of which is
where well-known Miami
Beach
is located, home to South
Beach and the Art Deco district.
The
Florida
Keys, which are also barrier islands are only accessible
through Miami-Dade County, but which are otherwise part of
neighboring Monroe County.
Miami is the largest city within Miami-Dade County as well as the
county seat, with an estimated population of 424,662. Miami is the
only
metropolitan area in the
United States that borders two
national
parks.
Biscayne National Park is located east of the mainland, in Biscayne Bay, and the western third of Miami-Dade County lies
within Everglades
National Park. The northwest portion of the county contains
a small part of the Big Cypress National Preserve
.
Communities
Map of the municipalities (colored areas) and unincorporated (grey
areas) communities of Miami-Dade County.
Miami-Dade County includes 35 incorporated areas, 38
Census-designated places, and 16
unincorporated regions.
Adjacent counties
Neighborhoods
Demographics
2000 U.S. Census
As of the
census of 2000, there were
2,253,362 people, 776,774 households, and 548,402 families residing
in the county. The
population
density was 1,158 people per square mile (447/km²). There were
852,278 housing units at an average density of 438 per
square mile (169/km²).
The racial makeup of the county was 69.7%
White (20.7%
Non-Hispanic White), 20.3% African American and Black (with a large part being
of Caribbean
descent), 0.20% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 4.60% from
other races, and 3.80%
from two or more races. 57.3% of the population were
Hispanic or
Latino of any race.
In relation to
ancestry (excluding the various Hispanic and Latino ancestries), 5% were
Haitian
, 5% American, 2% Italian, 2%
Jamaican
, 2% German, 2%
Irish, and 2% English ancestry.
1,147,765
of Miami-Dade residents, or 50.9 percent of the total population,
were foreign-born, a percentage greater than any other county in the United States (47% of whom were
naturalized U.S.
citizens), The most common countries of foreign-born residents
included Cuba (42%),
Nicaragua
(16%), Colombia
(6%), Haiti (6%),
Dominican
Republic
(3%), and Jamaica (3%).
There were 776,774 households out of which 33.8% had children under
the age of 18 living with them, 47.7% were
married couples living together, 17.2% had a female
householder with no husband present, and 29.4% were non-families.
23.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.6% had
someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average
household size was 2.84 and the average family size was 3.35.
The age distribution is 24.8% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to
24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% who were 65
years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100
females there were 93.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and
over, there were 90.2 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $35,966, and
the median income for a family was $40,260. Males had a median
income of $30,120 versus $24,686 for females. The
per capita income for the county was
$18,497. About 14.5% of families and 18.0% of the population were
below the
poverty line, including 22.9%
of those under age 18 and 18.9% of those age 65 or over.
2008 U.S. Census estimates
U.S. Census Bureau 2008 Ethnic/Race Demographics:
According to the 2008 U.S. Census Bureau estimates, when compared
to the 2000 U.S. Census, the Hispanic population grew 5.1%, the
Black population dropped 0.8%, the White (non-Hispanic) population
dropped 2.9%, and the Asian population grew 0.2%.
| Population |
Miami-Dade |
| 2030 Projection |
3,196,805 |
| 2025 Projection |
3,019,785 |
| 2010 Projection |
2,551,284 |
| 2006 Estimate |
2,402,208 |
| 2000 Census |
2,253,485 |
| 1990 Census |
1,967,000 |
Languages
As of 2000, 59.25% spoke
Spanish as
their
first language, 32.09%
English, 4.12%
French Creole, 0.89%
French, and 0.67% spoke
Portuguese as their
mother language.
50.9% of the county residents
were born outside the United States, while 67.90% of the population speaks a language other than English
at home.
Economy
Burger King is headquartered in
unincorporated Miami-Dade County.
Hewlett Packard's main Latin America
offices are located in unincorporated Miami-Dade County.
Before its dissolution,
National
Airlines was headquartered by the airport. Before its
dissolution
Air Florida was
headquartered at the Dade Towers in an unincorporated area.
After
Frank Borman became president of Eastern Airlines in 1975, he moved
Eastern's headquarters from Rockefeller Center
in Midtown
Manhattan, New York
City
to an unincorporated area in Miami-Dade County
Around 1991 the Miami-Dade County lost a few corporations,
including Eastern Airlines, which folded in 1991.
Diplomatic missions
Several consulates are located in Miami-Dade County. Those in
unincorporated areas within the
county are the
Consulate-General of
Honduras, the
Consulate-General of
Nicaragua, and the
Consulate-General of
Panama.
Law and government
Miami-Dade County has operated under a unique metropolitan system
of government, a "two-tier
federation,"
since 1957.
This was made possible when Florida voters
approved a constitutional amendment in 1956 that allowed the people
of Dade County (as it was known then) to enact a home rule charter.
Prior to
this year, home rule did not exist in Florida, and all
counties were limited to the same set of
powers by the Florida
Constitution and state law.
Mattie Belle Davis, the first woman from
Florida elected to
the American Bar Foundation
and the second woman to be elected in the US, was the first woman
judge of Metropolitan Court of Dade County, Florida.
Division between county and municipality politics
Presidential elections results
| Year |
Republican |
Democrat |
| 2008 |
41.6% 358,256 |
58.1%
497,386 |
| 2004 |
46.6% 361,095 |
52.9%
409,732 |
| 2000 |
46.3% 289,574 |
52.6%
328,867 |
| 1996 |
37.9% 209,740 |
57.3%
317,555 |
| 1992 |
43.2% 235,313 |
46.7%
254,609 |
| 1988 |
55.3%
270,937 |
44.3% 216,970 |
| 1984 |
59.2%
144,281 |
40.8% 223,863 |
| 1980 |
50.7%
265,888 |
40.2% 210,868 |
| 1976 |
40.5% 211,148 |
58.1%
303,047 |
| 1972 |
58.9%
256,529 |
40.8% 177,693 |
| 1968 |
37.0% 135,222 |
48.4%
176,689 |
| 1964 |
36.0% 117,480 |
64.0%
208,941 |
| 1960 |
42.3% 134,506 |
57.7%
183,114 |
|
Unlike a
consolidated
city-county, where the
city and
county governments merge into a single entity, these
two entities remain separate. Instead there are two "tiers", or
levels, of government: city and county.
There are 35 municipalities in the county, the City of
Miami being the
largest.
| District |
Commissioner |
| 1st |
Barbara J. Jordan |
| 2nd |
Dorrin D. Rolle |
| 3rd |
Audrey Edmonson |
| 4th |
Sally A. Heyman |
| 5th |
Bruno A. Barreiro |
| 6th |
Rebeca Sosa |
| 7th |
Carlos A. Gimenez |
| 8th |
Katy Sorenson |
| 9th |
Dennis C. Moss, Chairman |
| 10th |
Javier D. Souto |
| 11th |
Joe A. Martinez |
| 12th |
José Pepe Diaz |
| 13th |
Natacha Seijas |
Cities are the "lower tier" of local government, providing
police and fire protection, zoning and code
enforcement, and other typical city services within their
jurisdiction. These services are paid for by city taxes. The County
is the "upper tier", and it provides services of a metropolitan
nature, such as emergency management, airport and seaport
operations, public housing and health care services,
transportation, environmental services, solid waste disposal etc.
These are funded by county taxes, which are assessed on all
incorporated and unincorporated areas.
Of the county's 2.2 million total residents (as of 2000),
approximately 52% live in unincorporated areas, the majority of
which are heavily urbanized. These residents are part of the
Unincorporated Municipal Services Area (UMSA). For these residents,
the County fills the role of both lower- and upper-tier government,
the County Commission acting as their lower-tier municipal
representative body. Residents within UMSA pay a UMSA tax,
equivalent to a city tax, which is used to provide County residents
with equivalent city services (police, fire, zoning, water and
sewer, etc.). Residents of incorporated areas do not pay UMSA
tax.
Structure of county government
The Executive
Mayor of
Miami-Dade County is elected countywide to serve a four-year
term. The Mayor is not a member of the County Commission. The Mayor
appoints a
County Manager, with
approval and consent of the Board of County Commissioners, to
oversee the operations of the County Departments. The Mayor has
veto power over the Commission.
The current mayor is
Cuban-born Carlos
Alvarez.
The Board of County Commissioners is the legislative body,
consisting of 13 members elected from single-member districts.
Members are elected to serve four-year terms, and elections of
members are staggered. The Board chooses a Chairperson, who
presides over the Commission, as well as appoints the members of
its legislative committees. The Board has a wide array of powers to
enact legislation, create departments, and regulate businesses
operating within the County. It also has the power to override the
Mayor's
veto with a two-thirds vote.
The election of Commissioners from single member districts came to
be in 1992 after a group led by attorney and City of Miami
Commissioner Arthur Teele, Jr. with the support of some African
American and Hispanic civic leaders, challenged the at large
election system in the courts, arguing that the present system did
not allow for the election of minority commissioners, despite the
fact that African American Commissioner Barbara Carey-Shuler had
been elected several times. The court, under the ruling of Judge
Graham, created the single member district election system.
Florida's Constitution provides for
four elected officials to oversee executive and administrative
functions for each county (called "Constitutional Officers"):
Sheriff, Property Appraiser, Supervisor of
Elections, and Tax Collector. However, the current
Constitution allows voters in home-rule counties (including
Miami-Dade) to abolish the offices and reorganize them as
subordinate County departments; Miami-Dade voters chose this
option.
The most visible distinction between Miami-Dade and other Florida
counties is the title of its law enforcement agency. It is the only
county in Florida that does not have an elected sheriff, or an
agency titled "Sheriff's Office." Instead the equivalent agency is
known as the Miami-Dade Police Department, and its leader is known
as the Metropolitan Sheriff and Director of the Miami-Dade Police
Department. The judicial offices of Clerk of the Circuit
Court,
State Attorney,
and
Public Defender are still
branches of State government and are therefore independently
elected and not part of County government.
Public services
Fire Rescue
The Miami-Dade County Fire Rescue Department is the agency that
provides
fire protection and
emergency medical
services for Miami-Dade County, Florida. The department serves
28 municipalities and all unincorporated areas of Miami-Dade County
from 60 fire stations.
The Department also provides fire protection
services for Miami International Airport
, Kendall-Tamiami Executive
Airport
and Opa-Locka Airport
.
The
communities served are Aventura
, Bal Harbour
, Bay Harbor Islands
, Biscayne Park
, Doral
, El
Portal
, Florida City
, Golden Beach
, Hialeah Gardens
, Homestead, Indian Creek
, Islandia
, Medley
, Miami
Lakes
, Miami Shores
, Miami Springs
, North Bay Village
, North Miami
, North Miami Beach
, Opa-locka
, Palmetto Bay
, Pinecrest
, South Miami
, Surfside
, Sweetwater,
Sunny Isles
Beach
, Virginia Gardens
, and West Miami
.
Miami-Dade Fire Rescue is also the home to
Urban Search and
Rescue Florida Task Force 1 as well as EMS operations
consisting of 57 Advanced Life Support units staffed by 760
state-certified paramedics and 640 state-certified emergency
medical technicians.
Police Department
A Miami-Dade police car
The
Miami-Dade Police Department is full service metropolitan police department serving
Miami-Dade
County's unincorporated areas, although they have lenient
mutual aid agreements with other municipalities, most often the
City of Miami Police
Department. The Miami-Dade Police Department is the
largest police department in the state of Florida with over
5,000 employees. The Department is still often referred by
its former name, the
Metro-Dade Police or simply
Metro.
The Miami-Dade Police Department operate out of nine districts
throughout Miami-Dade County and have two special bureaus. The
current director of the Miami-Dade Police Department is Robert
Parker, who succeeded Carlos Alvarez, the current mayor of
Miami-Dade County.
The Department's headquarters are located in
Doral,
Florida.
Water and Sewer Department
Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department (MDWASD) is one of the
largest public utilities in the United States, employing
approximately 2,700 employees as of 2007. It provides service to
over 2.4 million customers, operating with an annual budget of
almost $400 million. Approximately 330 million gallons of water are
drawn everyday from the Biscayne Aquifer for consumer use. MDWASD
has over 7,100 miles of water lines, a service area of and 14 pump
stations. MDWASD has over 3,600 miles of sewage pipes, a service
area of and 954 pump stations
Education
In Florida, each county is also a
school
district.
Miami-Dade County Public
Schools, is operated by an independently-elected
School Board. A professional
Superintendent of Schools manages
the day-to-day operations of the district, who is appointed by and
serves at the pleasure of the School Board. The
Miami-Dade County Public School
District is currently the
fourth-largest public school district in the nation with almost
400,000 students in 2007/2008.
The
Miami-Dade Public
Library is one of the largest public library systems in the
country, comprising 42 branch locations, and 8 branch locations
currently being built/not officially opened.
Colleges and universities
Miami-Dade County is home to many private and public universities
and colleges. Total approximate college/university student
enrollment in the county in 2006 was about 245,000, one of the
largest number for university students in the USA.
Transportation
Airports
Miami
International Airport, located in an unincorporated area in the county,
serves as the primary international airport of the Miami
Area. One of the busiest international airports in the
world, Miami International Airport caters to over 35 million
passengers a year. Identifiable locally, as well as several
worldwide authorities, as MIA or KMIA, the airport is a major hub
and the single largest international gateway for
American Airlines, the world’s largest
passenger air carrier.
Miami International is the United States’
third largest international port of entry for foreign air
passengers (behind New York's John F.
Kennedy International Airport
and Los Angeles International
Airport
), and is the seventh largest such gateway in the
world. The airport’s extensive international route network
includes non-stop flights to over seventy international cities in
North and South America, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.
General
aviation airports in the county include Kendall-Tamiami Executive
Airport in an unincorporated area, Opa-Locka
Airport in Opa-Locka
, and Homestead General Aviation
Airport
in an unincirporated area west of Homestead. Homestead Joint Air Reserve
Base
, east of Homestead in an unincorporated area,
serves military traffic.
Public transit
Public transit in Miami-Dade County is served by
Miami-Dade Transit, and is the largest
public transit in Florida.
Miami-Dade Transit operates a heavy rail metro system Metrorail, an elevated people mover in Downtown Miami, Metromover and the bus
system, Metrobus.
Currently, expansion of Metrorail is underway with the construction
of a new
Orange Line.
Major expressways
In Florida a Tolled
State Road is often
(but not always) denoted by having the word "TOLL" printed on the
top of the State Road shield.
When a driver passes through a toll plaza without paying the proper
toll a digital image of the cars license tag is recorded. Under
Florida Law, this image can be used by the Authority to issue a
toll violation.
Miami-Dade County has 10 major expressways
and 1 minor expressway in Downtown Miami.
Street grid
A
street grid stretches from downtown
Miami throughout the county. This grid was adopted by the City of
Miami following
World War I after the
United States Post Office
threatened to cease mail deliveries in the city because the
original system of named streets, with names often changing every
few blocks and multiple streets in the city sharing the same name,
was too confusing for the mail carriers. The new grid was later
extended throughout the county as the population grew west, south,
and north of city limits. The grid is laid out with Miami Avenue as
the
meridian going North-South and
Flagler Street the
baseline
going east-west. The grid is primarily numerical so that, for
example, all street addresses north of Flagler and west of Miami
Avenue have
NW in their address (eg. NW 27th
Avenue). Because its point of origin is in downtown Miami which is
close to the coast, the
NW and
SW
quadrants are much larger than the
SE and
NE quadrants. Many roads, especially major ones,
are also named, although, with a few notable exceptions, the number
is in more common usage among locals. Although this grid is easy to
understand once one is oriented to it, it is not universal in the
entire county. Hialeah uses its own grid system which is entirely
different in its orientation. Coral Gables and Miami Lakes use
named streets almost exclusively, and various smaller
municipalities such as Florida City and Homestead use their own
grid system along with the Miami-Dade grid system adding to the
confusion. Miami Beach has its own system of numbered streets
without compass directions.
Sites of interest
Museums
- American Police Hall of Fame,
Miami
- Bass Museum of Art
, Miami
Beach
- Cuban Museum of Arts and
Culture, Coral
Gables
- Frost Art Museum
, (Florida International
University
, Miami)
- Haitian Heritage Museum,
Miami
- Historical Museum of
Southern Florida, Downtown Miami
- Holocaust Memorial, Miami
Beach
- Jewish Museum of Florida
, Miami Beach
- Lowe Art Museum
, (University of Miami
, Coral Gables)
- Miami Art Museum
, Downtown Miami
- Miami Children's Museum
, Miami
- Miami Cultural Center, Downtown Miami
- Miami Science Museum
, Miami
- Museum of
Contemporary Art
, North Miami
- Rubell Family
Collection, Miami
- The
Gold Coast
Railroad Museum
, Miami
- United in Elian House,
Miami
- Vizcaya Museum and Gardens
, Miami
- Weeks Air Museum, Miami
- Wings Over Miami Museum,
Miami
- Wolfsonian
, (Florida International
University, Miami Beach)
- World Erotic Art Museum,
Miami Beach
Culture and wildlife
- Miami MetroZoo
, Miami
- Jungle Island
, Miami
- Fairchild Tropical Gardens
, Coral Gables
- Vizcaya Museum and Gardens, Miami
- Bayside Marketplace
, Downtown Miami
- Miami Seaquarium
, Miami
- Monkey Jungle
, Miami
- Ancient Spanish Monastery
, North Miami
- Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing
Arts
, Downtown Miami
- Wertheim Performing
Arts Center, (Florida International University, Miami)
- Florida Grand Opera,
Miami
- Gusman
Center for the Performing Arts
, Downtown Miami
- Bayfront Park Amphitheatre
, Downtown Miami
Other areas and attractions
Parks
Sports venues
Miami-Dade County holds the majority of
sports arenas, stadiums and complexes in South Florida
. Some of these sports facilities
are:
Former venues include:
Sister cities
Miami-Dade County has 23
sister
cities, as designated by
Sister Cities International:
- Veracruz
 , Mexico
- Iquique
 , Chile
- Kingston
 , Jamaica
- Petit Goâve
 , Haiti
- The Bahamas
- Santo Domingo
 , Dominican Republic
- Lamentin
 , Guadeloupe
- Santa Cruz de Tenerife
 , Spain
- Stockholm
County, Sweden
- Taipei County,
Taiwan
- Pereira, Colombia
- Turks and Caicos
Islands
|
|
References
External links
Government links
County departments and agencies
Special districts
Judicial branch
Tourism
Environment
- northwest
(private/Catholic)
Interstate 95
Interstate 75
Florida's Turnpike
Dolphin
Expressway / 
Interstate 395
Gratigny
Parkway
Airport Expressway / 
Interstate 195
Don
Shula Expressway
Snapper Creek Expressway
Palmetto Expressway
Hialeah Expressway
Downtown Distributor
- Miami Dolphins,
Miami Hurricanes (football), and
Florida Marlins
- Miami Heat
- Sony Ericcson Open
- FIU Golden
Panthers (football)
- FIU Golden Panthers (basketball)
- FIU Golden Panthers (baseball)
- Miami Hurricanes (basketball)
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