New Haven is the
second-largest municipality in Connecticut
, after Bridgeport
and just ahead of Hartford
, with a core
population of about 124,000 people. "New Haven" may also
refer to the wider
Greater New
Haven area, which has nearly 600,000 inhabitants in the
immediate area.
It is located in New Haven
County
, on New Haven Harbor
, on the northern shore of Long Island
Sound
.
One year after its founding in 1638, eight streets were laid out in
a
grid of four streets by four streets
creating what is now commonly known as the "Nine Square Plan",
which is recognized by the
American Institute of
Certified Planners as a National Historic Planning Landmark.
The
central common block is New Haven Green
a square, now a National Historic Landmark and
the center of Downtown New
Haven.
New Haven had the first public tree planting program in America,
producing a canopy of mature trees (including some large
elms) that gave New Haven the nickname "The Elm
City".
The city
is the home of Yale
University
.
Along with Yale, health care (hospitals, biotechnology),
professional services (legal, architectural, marketing,
engineering), financial services, and retail trade form the base of
the economy. Since the mid-
1990s, the city's
downtown area has seen extensive revitalization.
History
Pre-colonial and colonial
Before European arrival, the New Haven area was the home of the
Quinnipiac tribe of
Native Americans, who
lived in villages around the
harbor and
subsisted off local fisheries and the farming of
maize.
The area was briefly visited by Dutch
explorer Adriaen Block
in 1614. Dutch traders set up a small trading system of
beaver pelts with the local inhabitants, but
trade was sporadic and the Dutch did not settle permanently in the
area.
In April 1638, five hundred
Puritans who
left the
Massachusetts Bay
Colony under the leadership of the Reverend
John Davenport and the London
merchant
Theophilus Eaton sailed
into the harbor.
These settlers were hoping to establish a
better theological community than the one they left in Massachusetts
and sought to take advantage of the excellent port
capabilities of the harbor. The Quinnipiacs, who were under
attack by neighboring
Pequots, sold their
land to the settlers in return for protection.
By 1640, the
town's theocratic
government and nine square grid plan were in place, and the town
was renamed Newhaven from Quinnipiac.
However, the area
north of New Haven remained Quinnipiac until 1678, when it was
renamed Hamden
. The settlement became the headquarters of
the
New Haven Colony.
At the time, the New
Haven Colony was separate from the Connecticut Colony which had been
established to the north focusing on Hartford
. One of the principal differences between
the two colonies was that the New Haven colony was an intolerant
theocracy that did not permit other
churches to be established while the Connecticut colony permitted
the establishment of other churches.
A sign on New Haven Green that details
the city history
Economic disaster struck the colony in 1646, however, when the town
sent its first fully loaded ship of local goods back to England.
This ship
never reached the Old World, and its disappearance stymied New
Haven's development in the face of the rising trade power of
Boston
and New
Amsterdam. In 1660, founder John Davenport's wishes
were fulfilled and Hopkins
School
was founded in New Haven with money from the estate
of Edward Hopkins.
In 1661, the judges who had signed the death warrant of
Charles I of England were pursued by
Charles II. Two judges,
Colonel
Edward Whalley and Colonel
William Goffe, fled to New Haven to
seek refuge from the king's forces.
John Davenport arranged for these
"Regicides" to
hide in the West
Rock
hills northwest of the town. A third judge,
John Dixwell, joined the other
regicides at a later time.
New Haven became part of the Connecticut Colony in 1664, when the
two colonies were merged under political pressure from England,
according to folklore as punishment for harboring the three judges
(in reality, done in order to strengthen the case for the takeover
of nearby
New Amsterdam, which was
rapidly losing territory to migrants from Connecticut).
Some
members of the New Haven Colony seeking to establish a new
theocracy elsewhere went on to establish Newark, New
Jersey
.
It was made co-
capital of
Connecticut in 1701, a status it retained until 1873.
In 1716, the
Collegiate School relocated from Old
Saybrook
to New Haven and established New Haven as a center
of learning. In 1718, the name of the Collegiate School was
changed to
Yale College in response to
a large donation from Welsh merchant
Elihu
Yale.
For over a century, New Haven citizens had fought alongside British
forces, as in the
French and
Indian War. As the
American
Revolution approached, General
David
Wooster and other influential residents hoped that the conflict
with Britain could be resolved short of rebellion. On 23 April
1775, which is still celebrated in New Haven as
Powder House Day, the Second Company,
Governor's Foot Guard, of New
Haven entered the struggle against the British.
Under Captain
Benedict Arnold, they broke into the
powder house to arm themselves and began a three-day march to
Cambridge,
Massachusetts
. Other New Haven militia members were on
hand to escort
George Washington
from his overnight stay in New Haven on his way to Cambridge.
Contemporary reports, from both sides, remark on the New Haven
volunteers' professional military bearing, including
uniforms.
British
forces under General William Tryon
raided the 3,500-person town in July 1779, but did not torch it as
they had with Danbury
in 1777, or Fairfield
and Norwalk
a week after the New Haven raid, leaving many of
the town's colonial features preserved.
Towns in the New Haven
area
Post-colonial
New Haven was incorporated as a city in 1784, and
Roger Sherman, one of the signers of the
Constitution and author of the "
Connecticut Compromise", became the
new city's first mayor.
The city
struck fortune in the late 18th century with the inventions and
industrial activity of Eli Whitney, a
Yale graduate who remained in New Haven to develop the cotton gin and establish a gun-manufacturing
factory in the northern part of the city near the Hamden town line. That area is still known as
Whitneyville, and the main
road through both towns is known as Whitney Avenue.
The factory is now
the Eli Whitney
Museum
which has a particular emphasis on activities for
children, and exhibits pertaining to the A. C. Gilbert Company. His factory, along
with that of
Simeon North, and the
lively clock-making and brass hardware sectors, contributed to
making early Connecticut a powerful manufacturing economy; so many
arms manufacturers sprang up that the state became known as 'The
Arsenal of America'. It was in Whitney's gun-manufacturing plant
that
Samuel Colt invented the
automatic revolver in 1836.
The
Farmington Canal, created in the
early 1800s, was a short-lived transporter of goods into the
interior regions of Connecticut and Massachusetts, and ran from New
Haven to Northampton, Massachusetts
.
New Haven was home to one of the important early events in the
burgeoning
anti-slavery
movement when, in 1839, the trial of mutineering
Mendi tribe being transported as slaves on the
Spanish
slaveship Amistad was held in New Haven's United
States District Court. There is a statue of
Joseph Cinqué, the informal leader of the
slaves, beside City Hall. See "Museums" below for more
information.
The
American Civil War boosted
the local economy with wartime purchases of industrial goods. After
the war, New Haven's population grew and doubled by the start of
the 20th century, most notably due to the influx of immigrants from
southern Europe, particularly Italy. Today, roughly half the
populations of East Haven, West Haven, and North Haven are
Italian-American. Jewish immigration to New Haven has left an
enduring mark on the city. Westville was the center of Jewish life
in New Haven, though today many have fanned out to suburban
communities such as Woodbridge and Cheshire.
Modern
New Haven's growth continued during the two World Wars, with most
new inhabitants being
African
Americans from the
American
South and
Puerto Ricans. The city
reached its peak population after
World War
II. The area of New Haven is only , encouraging further
development of new housing after 1950 in adjacent, suburban towns.
Moreover, as in other U.S. cities in
1950s, New Haven began to suffer
from an
exodus of
middle-class workers.
In 1954, then-mayor
Richard C.
Lee began some of the earliest major
urban renewal projects in the United
States. Certain sections of
Downtown
New Haven were destroyed and rebuilt with new office towers, a
hotel, and large shopping complexes. Other parts of the city were
affected by the construction of
Interstate 95 along the Long
Wharf section,
Interstate 91 and the
Oak Street Connector.
The Oak
Street Connector (Route 34),
running between Interstate
95, downtown and The
Hill
neighborhood, was originally intended as a highway
to the city's western suburbs but was only completed as a highway
to the downtown area, with the area to the west becoming a
boulevard.
From the 1960s through the early 1990s, central areas of New Haven
continued to decline both economically and in terms of population
despite attempts to resurrect certain neighborhoods through renewal
projects. In the mid-1990s New Haven began to stabilize and grow,
though poverty in some central neighborhoods remains a problem.
Since 2000, downtown has seen an increasing concentration of new
restaurants, nightlife, and small retail stores. National chains
such as J. Crew, Urban Outfitters, Ann Taylor, Origins, and
Footlocker, share the neighborhood with home-grown stores such as
Trailblazer, Savitt Jewelers, and Cutlers Records. Retail is
concentrated on Chapel Street, Broadway, College Street, and in the
Whitney Avenue/Audobon Street area. Away from downtown, retail
corridors exist on lower Whalley Avenue, upper Whalley Avenue in
Westvile Center and in the Westvile/Amity areas, on State Street,
and along Grand Avenue in Fair Haven.
1970 trial
New Haven in 1970 witnessed the largest trial in Connecticut
history.
Black Panther Party
co-founder
Bobby Seale and ten other
Party members were tried for murdering an alleged informant. On 1
May 1970,
May Day, the pretrial proceedings
began for the first of the two
New Haven Black Panther
trials; it was met with a demonstration by twelve thousand
Black Panther supporters, including a large number of college
students, who had come to New Haven individually and in organized
groups and were housed and fed by community organizations and by
Yale students in their dorms.
The demonstrations continued through the Spring.
By day protesters
assembled on the New Haven
Green across the street from the Courthouse to hear
speakers including Jean Genet, Benjamin Spock, Abbie Hoffman, Jerry
Rubin, and John Froines;
afterwards, many taunted the New Haven police, and in return
were tear gassed and retreated to their
temporary quarters. The police behind them half-heartedly
assaulted the dormitories, as was customary for such demonstrations
at the time, but on the whole it was peaceful, with very little
injury or property damage and only two minor bombings.
The National Guard were kept ready
on the highways into the city, but police chief Jim Ahern determined that the city
police were controlling the situation adequately, and that the
presence of the Guard would only inflame the situation; the events
at Kent State
University
a few days later were to prove him
prescient.
This coincided with the beginning of the national student strike of
May 1970. Yale (and many other colleges) went "on strike" from just
before May Day until the end of the term; as at many colleges it
was not actually "shut down", but classes were made "voluntarily
optional" for the time and students were graded pass/fail for work
done up to then.
Politics
New Haven is the birthplace of former president
George W. Bush,
who was born when his father, former president
George H. W. Bush,
was living in New Haven while a student at Yale. A predominantly
Democratic city,
New Haven voters overwhelmingly supported
Al
Gore in the
2000 election and
Yale graduate
John Kerry in
2004. In
addition to being the site of the college educations of both
Presidents Bush, New Haven was also a temporary home to former
president
Bill Clinton and
U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, who met while
they were students at
Yale Law
School. New Haven was also the residence of conservative
thinker
William F. Buckley, Jr. in 1951, when he wrote
his influential
God and Man at
Yale.
Since the mid-1950s and spearheaded by its former long-serving
mayor, Richard C. Lee, New Haven has undertaken numerous urban
redevelopment projects, but with overall mixed results. The
downtown area in particular has been the site of sometimes dubious
experiments in urban redesign, with new hotels, retail complexes,
parking structures, a sports colosseum, and office towers built
under a labyrinth of city, state, federal, and private efforts. Of
recent note, as each of these pieces of the redevelopment puzzle
transform, become obsolete or again redeveloped, New Haven tends to
bear the brunt of a fair share of painful analysis in regard to its
ongoing rebuilding efforts, mostly in response to the overhyped
claims of success that many similar projects touted over a
generation ago.
During the 1950s and 60s, New Haven received more
urban renewal funding per capita than any city
in the U.S. New Haven became the
de facto showcase of the
new modern redeveloped city and plans for its downtown development
were featured on the cover of Time Magazine in the early 1960s.
Some
projects, such as the brutalist-styled New Haven
Coliseum
(demolished in 2007), drew major crowds but were
ultimately considered to be victims of modernist over-design and
rapid obsolescence. In 2004, the central structure of the
mall was converted to luxury apartments, joining a renovated 4-star
Omni hotel and new street-level retail. Other numerous smaller
projects have in-fill design qualities and are mixed-use.
Current
plans for downtown include developing the sites of the Coliseum and
Macy's and Malley's department stores and relocating Gateway
Community College, Long Wharf Theatre
and a mixed-use development there. A major
focus has been the "Ninth Square", named from the original nine
square layout of New Haven center. This area has experienced an
influx of hundreds of new and renovated apartment and condominium
units, plus a significant number of upscale restaurants and
nightclubs have opened.
John DeStefano, Jr., the current
mayor of New Haven, has served eight consecutive terms and was
re-elected for a record ninth term in November 2009. Mayor
DeStefano has focused his tenure on improving education and public
safety, as well as on economic development. Notable initiatives
include the Livable City Initiative, begun in 1996, which promotes
homeownership and removes blight, and the Citywide Youth
Initiative. In 1995, DeStefano launched a 15-year, $1.5 billion
School Construction Program, already half finished, to replace or
renovate every New Haven public school.
In April
2009 the United States Supreme Court
agreed to hear a
suit over reverse
discrimination brought by 18 white firefighters against the
city. The suit involved the 2003 promotion test for the New
Haven Fire Department. After the tests were scored, no
blacks scored high enough to qualify for
consideration for promotion, so the city announced that no one
would be promoted. On 29 June 2009, the United States Supreme Court
ruled in favor of the firefighters, agreeing that they were
improperly denied promotion because of their race.
Geography
According to the
United
States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of
20.2 square miles (52.4 km²), of which, 18.9 square
miles (48.8 km²) is land and 1.4 square miles
(3.6 km²) of it (6.91%) is water.
New Haven's best-known geographic features are its large deep
harbor, and two reddish basalt
trap rocks
which rise to the northeast and northwest of the city core.
These
trap rocks are known respectively as East Rock
and West
Rock, and both serve as extensive parks. West
Rock has been tunneled through to make way for the east-west
passage of the
Wilbur Cross
Parkway (the only highway tunnel through a natural obstacle in
Connecticut), and once served as the hideout of the "
Regicides"
(see:
Regicides Trail). Most New
Haveners refer to these men as "The Three Judges". East Rock
features the prominent Soldiers and Sailors war monument on its
peak as well as the "Great/Giant Steps" which run up the rock's
cliffside.
The city
is drained by three rivers, the West
, Mill, and
Quinnipiac, named in order from
west to east. The West River discharges into the West
Haven
Harbor, while the Mill and Quinnipiac Rivers
discharge into the New Haven Harbor. Both harbors are
embayments of Long Island
Sound. In addition, several smaller streams flow
through the city's neighborhoods, including Wintergreen Brook, the
Beaver Ponds Outlet, Wilmot Brook, Belden Brook, and Prospect
Creek. Not all of these small streams have continuous flow
year-round.
Climate
New Haven
experiences a warm summer-type Humid continental climate, typical
of southern New
England
. Summers are warm to moderately hot, with
high levels of humidity and frequent afternoon thunderstorms.
Spring and Fall bring pleasantly cool temperatures with moderate
precipitation. Winters are cold and humid, with frequent snowfalls.
The
weather patterns that affect New Haven result from a primarily
offshore direction, thus minimizing the marine influence of the
Atlantic
Ocean
that would otherwise moderate summer and winter
temperatures—though, like other marine areas, differences in
temperature between areas right along the coastline and areas a
mile or two inland can be very significant at times.
| Monthly
Normal and Record High and Low Temperatures |
|
Month |
Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
| Rec
High °F (°C) |
65 (18.3) |
69 (20.5) |
84 (28.8) |
93 (33.9) |
95 (35) |
98 (36.7) |
104 (40) |
101 (38.3) |
98 (36.7) |
90 (32.2) |
79 (26.1) |
71 (21.7) |
| Norm
High °F (°C) |
35 (1.7) |
37 (2.8) |
46 (7.8) |
57 (13.9) |
68 (20) |
77 (25) |
83 (28.3) |
81 (27.2) |
73 (22.8) |
62 (16.7) |
50 (10) |
39 (3.9) |
| Norm
Low °F (°C) |
17 (-8.3) |
19 (-7.2) |
28 (-2.2) |
37 (2.8) |
47 (8.3) |
56 (13.3) |
62 (16.6) |
60 (15.5) |
52 (11.1) |
41 (5) |
32 (0) |
23 (-5) |
| Rec
Low °F (°C) |
-17 (-27.2) |
-24 (-31.1) |
-11 (-23.9) |
11 (-11.7) |
26 (-3.3) |
32 (0) |
38 (3.3) |
36 (2.2) |
26 (-3.3) |
16 (-8.9) |
1 (-17.2) |
-18 (-27.8) |
| Precip
in (mm) |
4.59 (116.5) |
3.24 (82.3) |
4.65 (118.1) |
4.53 (115) |
4.70 (119.4) |
4.44 (112.8) |
4.28 (108.7) |
4.5 (114.3) |
4.65 (118.1) |
4.54 (115.3) |
4.47 (113.5) |
4.03 (102.4) |
|
Source: The Weather Channel |
Streetscape
New Haven has a long tradition of
urban
planning and a purposeful design of the city's layout. The city
could be argued to have some of the first preconceived layouts in
the country. Upon founding, New Haven was laid out in a
grid plan of nine square blocks; the central
square was left open, in the tradition of many New England towns,
as the
city green (a commons area).
The city also instituted the first public tree planting program in
America. As in other cities, many of the
elms
that gave New Haven the nickname "Elm City" perished in the
mid-20th century due to
Dutch Elm
disease, although many have since been replanted.
The New Haven
Green is currently home to three separate historic
churches which speak to the original theocratic nature of the
city. The Green remains the social center of the city today.
It was named a
National
Historic Landmark in 1970.
Downtown New Haven, occupied by
nearly 7,000 residents, has a more residential character than most
downtowns. The downtown area provides about half of the city's jobs
and half of its tax base and in recent years has become filled with
dozens of new upscale restaurants, several of which have garnered
national praise (such as Ibiza, recognized by
Esquire and
Wine Spectator magazines as well as the
New York Times as the best
Spanish food in the country), in addition to shops and thousands of
apartments and condominium units.
Neighborhoods
The Dwight Street Historic District,
one of several official historic districts in New Haven
The city has many distinct neighborhoods.
In addition to
Downtown, centered on the central business district and the
Green, are the
following neighborhoods: the west central neighborhoods of Dixwell and Dwight
; the southern neighborhoods of The
Hill
, historic water-front City
Point
(or Oyster Point), and the harborside district of
Long Wharf; the western
neighborhoods of Edgewood,
West River, Westville
, Amity
, and West
Rock-Westhills; East Rock
, Cedar Hill,
Prospect
Hill
, and Newhallville
in the northern side of town; the east central
neighborhoods of Mill
River and Wooster Square, an
Italian-American neighborhood; Fair Haven
, an immigrant community located between the
Mill and Quinnipiac rivers; Quinnipiac Meadows and Fair Haven Heights across the Quinnipiac
River; and facing the eastern side of the harbor, The Annex and East Shore (or Morris
Cove).
Economy and demographics
Data from City-Data.com
New Haven's economy originally was based in manufacturing, but the
postwar period brought rapid industrial decline and factories were
shuttered; the entire Northeast was affected, and medium-sized
cities with large working-class populations, like New Haven, were
hit particularly hard.
Simultaneously, the growth and expansion of
Yale
University further
effected the economic shift. Over half (56%) of the city's
economy is now made up of services, in particular education and
healthcare; Yale is the city's largest employer, followed by
Yale-New Haven Hospital.
Other large employers include St. Raphael Hospital, Smilow Cancer
Hospital, Southern Connecticut State University, ASSA ABLOY
Manufacturing, Knights of Columbus headquarters, Higher One,
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, and United Illuminating. Yale and Yale-New
Haven are also among the largest employers in the state, and
provide more $100,000+-salaried positions than any other employer
in Connecticut.
The US Census Bureau estimates a 2006 population of 124,001; the
2000
census lists 47,094 households and
25,854 families within the central municipality, the City of New
Haven. The
population density is
6,558.4 people per square mile (2,532.2/km²). There are 52,941
housing units at an average density of 2,808.5/sq mi
(1,084.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city is 63.46%
White, 37.36%
African American, 0.43%
Native American, 1.90%
Asian, 0.06%
Pacific Islander, 10.89% from
other races, and 3.91%
from two or more races.
Hispanic or
Latino residents of any race were 9.39%
of the population. Non-Hispanic whites made 75.57% of the
population. The city's demography is shifting rapidly: New Haven
has always been a city of immigrants and currently the Latino
population is growing rapidly. Previous influxes among ethnic
groups have been: African-American's in the postwar era, and Irish,
Italian and (to a lesser degree) Slavic peoples in the prewar
period. The large undocumented population in New Haven is also
severely undercounted; estimates place as many as 10,000 illegal
immigrants (mostly Hispanics) living within the city.
As of the 2000
census, of the 47,094
households, 29.3% have children under the age of 18 living with
them, 27.5% include married couples living together, 22.9% have a
female householder with no husband present, and 45.1% are
non-families. 36.1% of all households are made up of individuals
and 10.5% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or
older. The average household size is 2.40 and the average family
size 3.19.
The ages of New Haven's residents are: 25.4% under the age of 18,
16.4% from 18 to 24, 31.2% from 25 to 44, 16.7% from 45 to 64, and
10.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age is 29
years, which is statistically very young. There are 91.8 males per
100 females. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 87.6
males.
The median income for a household in the city is $29,604, and the
median income for a family is $35,950. Median income for males is
$33,605, compared with $28,424 for females. The
per capita income for the city is $16,393.
About 20.5% of families and 24.4% of the population live below the
poverty line, including 32.2% of those
under age 18 and 17.9% of those age 65 or over.
As of 2001, the New Haven metropolitan area has the third-highest
per capita income in the country, behind San Francisco and Silicon
Valley, California. Yet a 2006 analysis of a slightly
differently-defined urban area showed New Haven to have the
32nd-highest per capita income; while a significantly lower figure,
this still placed New Haven in the top 10% highest per-capita
income metropolitan areas in the country.
Today New Haven is a predominantly
Roman Catholic city, as the city's
Dominican, Irish, Italian, Mexican, Ecuadorian, and Puerto Rican
populations are overwhelmingly Catholic.
Jews
also make up a considerable portion of the population, as do Black
Baptists. There is a growing number of
(mostly Puerto Rican)
Pentacostals as
well. Catholic New Haven is part of the
Archdiocese of Hartford. There are
churches for all major branches of Christianity within the city,
several Jewish synagogues, multiple store-front churches,
ministries (especially in working-class Latino and Black
neighborhoods) and other places of worship; the level of religious
diversity in the city is high.
Government
New Haven is governed via the mayor-council system. The city
council, called the Board of Aldermen, consists of thirty members,
each elected from single member wards. The mayor is elected by the
entire city. The first mayor of New Haven was Roger Sherman. The
current mayor is John DeStefano, who is the city's longest-serving
mayor.
Fire department
The City of New Haven is protected 24/7 by the professional
firefighters of the City of New Haven Fire Department. The
Department operates out of ten fire stations, located throughout
the city, and has a frontline fire apparatus fleet of ten engines,
four trucks, two squad engines, one haz-mat. unit, and two
ambulances out of two battalions, the East Battalion, and the West
Battalion.
Education
Colleges and universities
Yale
University, at the
heart of downtown, is one of the city's best known features and its
largest employer. New Haven is also home to other centers of
higher education, including Southern
Connecticut State University
and Albertus Magnus College
. Gateway Community College has a
campus in New Haven, located in the
Long Wharf district.
There are institutions immediately outside of New Haven, as well.
Quinnipiac
University
and the Paier
College of Art are located just to the north, in the town of
Hamden. The University of New Haven
is located not in New Haven but in neighboring
West
Haven.
Primary and secondary schools
Wilbur Cross High School
and Hillhouse High School are New Haven's two largest public
secondary schools.
Hopkins School, a private school, was founded in 1660 and is the
fifth oldest educational institution in the United States.
New Haven is home to a number of other private schools as well as
public magnet schools including
High School in the Community,
Hill Regional Career
High School,
Co-op High
School,
ACES
Educational Center for the Arts, and the
Sound School, all of which draw students from
New Haven and suburban towns. New Haven is also home to two
Achievement First charter schools, Amistad Academy and Elm City
College Prep. It is also home to Common Ground, an environmental
charter school.
The school district is called
New Haven Public Schools. Almost all have been
renovated under a 15-year, $1.5 billion School Construction
Program; the immense effort to improve city public schools is
slowly erasing the bad reputation that New Haven public schools had
acquired in past decades, though it will yet take years to see if
the program has truly been a success.
Culture and notable features
Architecture
A view of the buildings around Yale
University in New Haven, with its distinctive architecture.
New Haven has many architectural landmarks dating from every
important time period and architectural style in American history.
The city has been home to a number of architects and architectural
firms that have also left their mark on the city including
Ithiel Town and
Henry Austin in the 19th century
and
Cesar Pelli,
Warren Platner,
Kevin
Roche,
Herbert Newman and
Barry Svigals in the 20th.
The
Yale School
of Architecture
has fostered this important component of the city's
economy. Cass Gilbert, of
the Beaux-Arts school,
designed New Haven's Union Station
and the New Haven Free Public Library and was
also commissioned for a City
Beautiful plan in 1919.Frank Lloyd Wright,
Marcel Breuer,
Alexander Jackson Davis,
Philip C. Johnson,
Gordon
Bunshaft,
Louis Kahn,
James Gamble Rogers,
Frank Gehry,
Charles
Moore,
Stefan Behnisch,
James Polshek,
Paul Rudolph,
Eero
Saarinen and
Robert Venturi all
have designed buildings in New Haven.
Many of
the city's neighborhoods are well-preserved as walkable "museums"
of 19th and 20th century American architecture, particularly by the
New Haven
Green, Hillhouse
Avenue
and other residential sections close to Downtown New Haven. Overall, a
large proportion of the city's land area is National (NRHP)
historic districts. One of the best sources on local architecture
is "New Haven: Architecture and Urban Design", by Elizabeth Mills
Brown.
The five tallest buildings in New Haven are:
- Connecticut Financial Center 383 ft (117 m) 26 Floors
- Knights of Columbus Building
321 ft (98 m) 23 Floors
- Kline Biology Tower 250 ft (76 m) 16 Floors
- Crown Towers 233 ft (71 m) 22 Floors
- Harkness Tower
217 ft (66 m)
Note: 360 State (under construction - 31 Floors - completion,
2010)
Cuisine
New Haven boasts an overwhelming array of restaurants, surprisingly
many for a city its size. Though choices are extremely varied,
eateries serving
pizza,
hamburgers, and Southeast Asian foods are
especially abundant.
New-Haven-style pizza, called
apizza
(pronounced ah-BEETS in the local dialect), made its debut in 1925.
It is baked in coal- or wood-fired brick ovens, and is notable for
its thin crust. Apizza may be Red (with a
tomato-based sauce) or White (
garlic and
olive oil), and
pies ordered "plain" are made without the otherwise customary
mozzarella cheese (pronounced
sca-MOTZ, as it was originally smoked mozzarella, known as
"scamorza" in Italian).
A white clam pie is a
well known specialty of the restaurants on Wooster Street in the Little Italy section of
New Haven, including Sally's Apizza
and Frank Pepe Pizzeria
Napoletana
.
Louis' Lunch
, located in a small brick building on Crown Street,
has been serving fast food since
1895. Louis' Lunch
broils
hamburgers,
steak sandwiches and
hot dogs vertically in original
antique 1898
cast iron
stoves using
gridirons, patented by local resident
Luigi Pieragostini in 1939, that hold the meat in place while it
cooks.
Though fiercely debated, Louis Lassen is
credited by the Library of Congress
with inventing the hamburger and steak
sandwich.
The tradition of immigration in New Haven has continued to a
significant extent, particularly in the late 1990s and 2000s, and
as a result there are now hundreds of ethnic restaurants and small
markets specializing in various foreign foods. Represented cuisines
include: Malaysian (Bentara), Ethiopian (Lalibela), Spanish
(Barcelona, Ibiza), Latino (Pacifico, Sabor), Thai (Bangkok
Gardens, Thai Taste, Rice Pot), Chinese (Chow, Royal Palace),
Japanese (Akasaka, Miya's, Miso), Vietnamese (Pot-au-Pho), Korean
(Seoul), Indian (Tandoor, Thali, Thali Too, Sitar), Jamaican, Cuban
(Soul De Cuba), Peruvian (Macchu Picchu), Syrian/Lebanese,
(Mamoun's Falafel), and Turkish (Istanbul Cafe).
There are
61 top Zagat-rated restaurants, more
than anywhere in Connecticut save Stamford
, including new additions such as upmarket downtown
restaurants Bentara, Foster's, Geronimo, Pacifico, Zinc, and
Ibiza. Over 120 restaurants are located within two
blocks of the New Haven
Green. Claire's Corner Copia at Chapel and College
Streets is one of the oldest
vegetarian
restaurant in the country having opened in September 1975.
Also of
note are "The Carts", about 20-something lunch carts from
neighborhood restaurants that cater to different student
populations throughout the university's campus during weekday
lunchtime in three main points: by Yale-New Haven Hospital in the
center of the Hospital Green (Cedar and York Streets), by Yale's
Trumbull College (Elm and York
Streets), and on the intersection of Prospect and Sachem Streets by
the Yale School
of Management
. Popular Farmers' Markets set up shop weekly
in several neighborhoods including Westville/Edgewood Park, Fair
Haven, Upper State Street, Wooster Square, and Downtown/New Haven
Green.
Theatre and film
The city
hosts numerous theatres and production houses including the
Yale
Repertory Theatre
, the Long Wharf Theatre, and the Shubert Theatre
. There is also theatre activity from the
Yale School of Drama, which
works through the
Yale
University Theatre and the student-run
Yale Cabaret.
Southern
Connecticut State University hosts the Lyman Center for the
Performing Arts. The shuttered Palace Theatre (oppostite
the Shubert Theater) was rumored to being re-opened in 2008, but
new development there is on hold. Smaller theaters include the
Little Theater on Lincoln Street and the soon to open Co-op High
School Theater on College Street.
The Shubert Theater once premiered many major theatrical
productions before their Broadway debuts. Productions that
premiered at the Shubert include
Oklahoma!,
Carousel,
South Pacific,
My Fair Lady,
The King and I, and
The Sound of Music, as well as the
Tennessee Williams' play
A Streetcar Named
Desire.
Bow Tie Cinemas owns and operates the Criterion Cinemas, the first
new movie theater to open in New Haven in over 30 years. The
Criterion has 7 screens and opened in November, 2004 showing a mix
of upscale first run commercial and independent film.
Museums
New Haven has a variety of museums, many of them associated with
Yale.
The
Beinecke
Rare Book and Manuscript Library
features an original copy of the Gutenberg Bible. There is also the
Connecticut Children's
Museum; the Knights of
Columbus museum near that organization's world headquarters;
the Peabody Museum of Natural
History
; the Yale
University Collection of Musical Instruments; the Eli Whitney museum (across the town line in
Hamden,
Connecticut, on Whitney Avenue); the Yale Center
for British Art
, which houses the largest collection of British art
outside the U.K., and the Yale University Art Gallery
, the nation's oldest college art museum.
New Haven
is also home to the New Haven
Museum and Historical Society
on Whitney Avenue, which also has a library of many
primary source treasures dating from Colonial times to the
present.
Artspace on Orange Street is one of several
contemporary art galleries around the city, showcasing the work of
local, national, and international artists. Others include City
Gallery, A. Leaf Gallery in the downtown area. Westville galleries
include Kehler Liddell, Jennifer Jane Gallery, and The Hungry Eye.
The
Erector Square complex in the
Fair Haven neighborhood houses the
Parachute Factory gallery along with numerous artist studios, and
the complex serves as an active destination during
City-Wide Open Studios held yearly in
October.
New Haven is also the home port of a life-size replica of the
historical
Freedom Schooner
Amistad, which is open for tours at Long Wharf pier at
certain times during the summer. Also at Long Wharf pier is the
Quinnipiack schooner, offering sailing cruises of the
harbor area throughout the summer. The Quinnipiack also functions
as a floating classroom for hundreds of local students.
Music
The New Haven Green is the site of many free music concerts,
especially during the summer months. These have included the
New Haven Symphony
Orchestra, the July Free Concerts on the Green in July, and the
New Haven Jazz Festival in
August. The Jazz Festival, which began in 1982, was one of the
longest-running free outdoor festivals in the U.S., until it was
canceled for 2007. Headliners such as The Breakfast, Dave Brubeck,
Ray Charles and Celia Cruz have historically drawn 30,000 to 50,000
fans, filling up the New Haven Green to capacity. The New Haven
Jazz Festival has been revived for 2008 and 2009 under the
sponsorship of Jazz Haven.
[8613]
New Haven
is also home to the concert venue Toad's Place
. The city has retained an alternative art
and music underground that has helped to influence post-punk era
music movements such as
indie,
college rock and underground
hip-hop. Other local venues include Cafe Nine, BAR,
Firehouse 12, and Rudy's.
The
Yale School of Music also
contributes to the city's music scene by offering hundreds of free
concerts throughout the year at venues in and around the Yale
campus.
Nightlife
In the past decade downtown has seen an influx of new restaurants,
bars, and nightclubs.Large crowds are drawn to the Crown Street
area downtown on weekends where many of the restaurants and bars
are located.Crown Street between State and High Streets has dozens
of establishments as do nearby Temple and College Streets.Away from
downtown, Upper State Street also has a number of restaurants and
bars popular with local residents and weekend visitors.
Newspapers and media
New Haven is served by the daily
New Haven Register, the weekly
"alternative" (which is corporate run by Tribune, the company
owning The Hartford Courant)
New
Haven Advocate, the online daily
New Haven
Independent, and the monthly
Grand News Community
Newspaper. The city's Spanish-speaking community is served by
Registro, a Spanish-language twice-weekly operated by The New Haven
Register's parent company. Downtown New Haven is covered by an
in-depth civic news forum,
Design New
Haven. The Register also backs
PLAY magazine, a weekly entertainment publication.
It is also served by several student-run papers, including the
Yale Daily News, the weekly
Yale Herald and a humor
tabloid,
Rumpus
Magazine.
WTNH
Channel 8,
the ABC affiliate for
Connecticut, WCTX
Channel
59, the MyNetworkTV affiliate for the
state, and Connecticut
Public Television station WEDY channel 65,
a PBS affiliate, broadcast from New
Haven.
Though
both WTNH and WCTX are located in New Haven, CT, their Master
Control, and Traffic departments are located in Springfield,
Massachusetts
in a former section of the city called
Chicopee.
Sports and athletics
Much like other mid-sized Northeastern industrial cities, New Haven
has historically supported its minor league hockey teams
enthusiastically, having had a hockey team for 76 years. The
New Haven Eagles were founding
members of the
American Hockey
League in 1936, playing at the old
New Haven Arena on Grove Street.
The New
Haven Blades of the Eastern Hockey
League played from 1954 to 1972 before being succeeded by the
New Haven Nighthawks of the AHL, which played at the then-new
New Haven
Coliseum, a sports and entertainment facility that hosted
such performers and others as the U.S. Olympic Hockey Team,
Aerosmith,
Grateful
Dead,
Bruce Springsteen,
Van Halen,
Yes,
and the
Steve Miller Band before
closing in 2002.
The Nighthawks were replaced by the short-lived Senators in 1993.
After a hiatus, hockey returned in 1997, with the
Beast of New Haven, a team famous for its
ugly logo. Playing in a newly refurbished Coliseum, this team
lasted only two seasons, ending AHL hockey in New Haven.
The
New Haven Knights of the
United Hockey League then took
up residence in the Coliseum, playing there until the Coliseum
closed in 2002.
Afterward, fans' allegiance shifted to the
Yale University hockey team, which plays at Ingalls Rink
; the Quinnipiac University hockey team; or United Hockey League's Danbury Trashers, owned by James Galante,
who attempted to purchase and save the New Haven Coliseum and the
New Haven Knights, though the Trashers have been disbanded and
Galante is currently incarcerated for alleged mob
ties.
New Haven had been known for its
blue
collar fans who favor rough play, especially the "Crazies" who
sat in "The Jungle" — Section 14 at the Coliseum, behind and
adjacent to the opposing team's bench. These fans were renowned for
being extremely tough on opposing teams, relentlessly screaming
obscenities and taunts at opposing players (and sometimes at
hometown players), making New Haven an intimidating place to play
even though outright physical violence in the stands was rare.
Section 14ers maintain a website called "Section 14 Online" which
can be found at Section14.com.
New Haven was home to the
minor
league baseball team the
New Haven
Ravens, an
Eastern
League AA unit, from 1994 to 2003. Many of the older Ravens
fans fondly recalled their days watching the West Haven Yankees in
neighboring West Haven from 1972 to 1979.The Yankees were also the
New Haven area's entry in the AA Eastern League. Many future
Yankees made their way though West Haven, including Ron Guidry. The
Yankees finished 1st five times in their eight years and won the
championship four times. In 1980, the New York Yankees moved their
farm team else where and the Oakland A's fielded a team for three
years in West Haven. They were know as the Whitecaps their first
year, then the A's for the last two. They were to give the New
Haven area a final championship in 1982 and then the team moved to
Albany in 1983. The New Haven area was without professional
baseball until the Ravens came to town in 1994.
As was the case for with the prior teams, the Ravens played in
neighboring West Haven at Yale Field, just across the town line.
Yale Field was renovated for the team, which was very successful in
its first few seasons before losing support. The Ravens won the
Eastern League championship in 2000, giving New Haven proper its
first professional championship since the New Haven Blades'
championship in 1956.
The Ravens have since moved to Manchester,
New Hampshire
, becoming the New Hampshire Fisher Cats.
The
New Haven County
Cutters baseball team began play at Yale Field in 2004 in the
independent Northeast (now
Can-Am) League.
They suspended operation after the 2007 season leaving New Haven
without baseball for the 2008 season.
New Haven is home to both
rugby union
and
rugby league teams, the New Haven
Old Black and the
New Haven
Warriors, respectively. Both teams play at 'The Boulevard" on
route 34. The rugby union team won the US DII National title in
2002. The last few years they have regularly qualified for the
Sweet 16 in DI national championships. The rugby league team plays
in the
top level
championship of the USA. They are the regining
2008 champions.
In 1974, a little league team from New Haven placed sixth in the
Little League World
Series.
In 2002, New Haven had an
af2 minor-league
arena football franchise, the Ninjas,
who were successful but had to leave when the Coliseum was closed
the following year
The
New York Giants of the
NFL played an exhibition game
against the
Baltimore
Colts in 1956 in the Yale Bowl, a pro-football first for the
city.
The
New York Jets played exhibition games
in the Bowl through the 1970s, and in 1973 and 1974, the Giants
made the Yale
Bowl
their home field while Giants Stadium
in the Meadowlands
in East Rutherford, New Jersey
was under construction. As of 2006, the Yale
Bowl is the second-largest stadium in New England, and is often
full when rivals Yale and Harvard
play what has become known as "The Game". The
Yale Bowl received a thorough and long-overdue renovation in
2007.
On March 20, 1914, the first United States
figure skating championship was held
here.
From July 1 – July 9, 1995, the city hosted the
1995 Special Olympics
World Summer Games.
The
Connecticut
Tennis Center
hosts the Pilot Pen
International, a professional men's and women's tennis event,
every August. The 15,000 seat Tennis
Center Stadium
at the Connecticut Tennis Center is tied as the fourth largest tennis venue in
the world by capacity.
The
Hartford Whalers played some
preseason games in New Haven in their last few years, in a late,
overdue, and futile attempt to win support around New Haven.
New Haven has a very large cycling community, represented by the
advocacy and community group
ElmCityCycling. Group rides are held several
times per week.
Five Mile Point Lighthouse
(2005)
Five Mile Point Lighthouse
(1991)
Points of interest
Miscellaneous
The
Knights of Columbus was
founded on October 2, 1881 by
Fr. Michael J. McGivney in New Haven.
In 1892, local
confectioner George C. Smith of the Bradley Smith Candy Co.
invented the first
lollipops.
In
competition with competing explanations, the Frisbee is said to have originated on the Yale
campus, based on the tin pans of the Frisbie Pie Company which were tossed
around by students on the New Haven Green.
New Haven serves as the world headquarters of the
Knights of Columbus organization, which
maintains its headquarters and nearby museum downtown. The
organization was founded in the city in 1882.
New Haven hosted the first
Bell PSTN (telephone) switch office. The District Telephone
Company of New Haven created the world's first
telephone exchange and first
telephone directory (1878) and installed
the first public phone (1880). The company expanded and became the
Connecticut Telephone Company, then the
Southern New England
Telephone Company (now part of
ATT).
The
Erector Set, the popular and
culturally important construction toy, was invented in New Haven by
A.C. Gilbert in 1911, and was manufactured
by the A. C. Gilbert Company at the Erector Square factory in New
Haven, Connecticut, from 1913 until the company's bankruptcy in
1967.
The first memorial to victims of the
Holocaust on public land in America stands in New
Haven's
Edgewood Park at the corner of
Whalley and West Park Avenues; it was built in 1977 with funds
collected from the community and is maintained by
Greater New Haven
Holocaust Memory, Inc. The ashes of victims killed and cremated at Auschwitz
are buried under the memorial.
New Haven was the location of one of
Jim
Morrison's infamous arrests while he fronted the rock group
The Doors. The near-riotous concert and
arrest in 1967 at the
New Haven
Arena was commemorated by Morrison in the lyrics to "Peace
Frog" which include the line
"...blood in the streets in the
town of New Haven..." This was also the first time a rock star
had ever been arrested in concert.
New Haven serves as the home city of the annual
International Festival
of Arts and Ideas.
Doonesbury comic-strip creator
Garry Trudeau attended Yale University. There
he met fellow student and later
Green Party candidate for
senator Charlie Pillsbury, a long-time New Haven resident for whom
Trudeau's comic strip is named. During his college years, Pillsbury
was known by the
nickname "The Doones".
Harrison Ford and Shia LaBeouf in 2007
filming
Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal
Skull
New Haven has been depicted in a number of movies.
Scenes in the film
All About Eve (1950) are set
at the Taft
Hotel
on the corner of College and Chapel Streets.
The hotel was since converted into apartments.
New Haven was
fictionalized in the movie The
Skulls, which focused on conspiracy theories surrounding
the real-life Skull and
Bones
secret society which is located in New
Haven. The city was also fictionally portrayed in the movie
Amistad concerning the
events around the mutiny trial of that ship's rebelling
captives.
Several recent movies have been filmed in New Haven, including
The Life Before Her
Eyes, with
Uma Thurman,
Mona Lisa Smile, with
Julia Roberts, and
Indiana Jones
and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull directed by
Steven Spielberg and starring
Harrison Ford,
Cate
Blanchett and
Shia LaBeouf. The TV
show
Gilmore Girls is set
(but not filmed) in New Haven and at Yale University.
In 2008,
the country of Ecuador
opened a consulate in New Haven to serve the large
Ecuadorean immigrant population in the area. It is the first
foreign mission to open in New Haven since Italy opened a consulate
(now closed) in the city in 1910.
Infrastructure
Hospitals and medicine
The New Haven area supports several medical facilities that are
considered some of the best hospitals in the country. There are two
major medical centers downtown:
Yale-New Haven Hospital has four
pavilions, including the
Yale-New Haven Children's
Hospital and the
Smilow
Cancer Hospital; the
Hospital of Saint Raphael is
several blocks North, and touts its excellent cardiac emergency
care program. Smaller downtown health facilities are the Temple
Medical Center located downtown on Temple Street,
Connecticut Mental Health
Center, across Park Street from Y-NHH, and the
Hill Health Center, which serves the
working-class Hill Neighborhood.
A large Veterans Affairs
hospital is located nearby in West Haven. To
the west in Milford is
Milford Hospital and to the
north in Meriden is the
MidState
Medical Center.
Yale and New Haven are working to build a medical and biotechnology
research mecca in the city and Greater New Haven region, and are
succeeding to some extent.
The city, state and Yale together run
Science Park, a large site three blocks
north-west of Yale's Science
Hill
campus area. This multi-block site,
approximately bordered by Mansfield Street, Division Street, and
Shelton Avenue is the former home of
Winchester's and Olin
Corporation's 45 large-scale factory buildings. Currently, sections
of the site are large-scale parking lots or abandoned structures,
but there is also a large remodeled and functioning area of
buildings (leased primarily by a private developer) with numerous
Yale employees, financial service and biotech companies.
A second biotechnology district is being planned for the median
strip on Frontage Road, on land cleared for the never-built
Route 34 extension. As of late
2009, a
Pfizer drug-testing clinic, a medical
laboratory building serving Yale New Haven Hospital, and a
mixed-use structure containing parking, housing and office space,
have been constructed on this corridor. A former
SNET telephone building at 300 George Street is being
converted into lab space, and has been so far quite successful in
attracting biotechnology and medical firms.
Transportation
Railroad & Bus
New Haven
is connected to New York
City
by both commuter rail,
regional rail and intercity rail, provided by Metro-North Railroad (commuter rail)
and Amtrak (regional and intercity rail)
respectively, and some New Haven residents commute to work in New
York City (just under two hours away by train). The city's main
railroad station is Union Station, which serves Metro-North trains to New York,
Shore Line East commuter trains to
New London, and Amtrak trains to New York, Hartford, Boston, and Springfield, Massachusetts. An additional station at State
Street
provides Shore Line East and a few peak-hour
Metro-North passengers easier access to and from Downtown.
Peter Pan and Greyhound Bus lines have scheduled stops at Union
Station and connections downtown can be made by the CT Transit Bus
Service. All CT Transit Bus lines run downtown and transfers can be
made at the New Haven Green.
The start of the New Haven Railroad began in a small area of New
Haven called
Cedar Hill
Area.
A commuter rail line to run along the existing Amtrak line from New
Haven through Hartford to Springfield, MA has been proposed by the
Connecticut Department of Transportation (ConnDOT) and is currently
in the planning phase.
The City of New Haven is in the very early stages of considering
restoring streetcar (light-rail) service, which has been absent
since the immediate postwar period.
Major highways
New Haven
lies at the intersection of Interstate 95 on the coast -
which provides access southwards and/or westwards to the western
coast of Connecticut and to New York City, and eastwards to the
eastern Connecticut shoreline, Rhode Island
, and eastern Massachusetts - and Interstate 91,
which leads northward to the interior of Massachusetts and Vermont
and the Canadian border. I-95 is infamous for traffic jams increasing with
proximity to New York City; on the east side of New Haven it passes
over the Quinnipiac River via the
Pearl Harbor Memorial, or "Q Bridge
", which often presents a major bottleneck to
traffic. I-91, however, is relatively
less congested, except at the intersection with I-95 during peak
travel times.
The
Oak Street Connector
(
Route 34) intersects I-91 at
exit 1, just south of the I-95/I-91 interchange, and runs northwest
for a few blocks as an expressway spur into downtown before
emptying onto surface roads.
The Wilbur
Cross Parkway (Route 15
) runs parallel to I-95 west of New Haven,
turning northwards as it nears the city and then running northwards
parallel to I-91 through the outer rim of New Haven, and Hamden, offering an alternative to the I-95/I-91 journey
(restricted to non-commercial vehicles). Route 15 in New Haven
is also the site of the only highway tunnel in the state
(officially designated as Heroes' Tunnel), running through West Rock, home to West Rock Park
and the Three Judges Cave
.
In addition to these expressways, the city also has several major
surface arteries.
U.S.
Route 1 (Columbus Avenue, Union
Avenue, Water Street, Forbes Avenue) runs in an east-west direction
south of downtown serving Union Station and leading out of the city to Milford
, West Haven, East Haven
and Branford
. The main road from downtown heading
northwest is Whalley Avenue (partly signed as Route 10 and Route 63) leading to Westville
and Woodbridge
. Heading north towards Hamden, there are two major thoroughfares, Dixwell
Avenue and Whitney Avenue. To the northeast are
Middletown Avenue (Route 17
), which leads to the Montowese section of North
Haven, and Foxon Boulevard (Route 80, which leads to the Foxon
section of East Haven and to the town of North
Branford
. To the west is Route 34, which leads to the city of
Derby
. Other major intracity arteries are
Ella
Grasso Boulevard (
Route
10) west of downtown, and
College Street,
Temple
Street,
Church Street,
Elm Street, and
Grove Street in the downtown area.
Traffic safety is a major concern for drivers, pedestrians and
cyclists in New Haven.
In addition to many traffic-related
fatalities in the city each year, since 2005, over a dozen Yale
students,
staff and faculty have been killed or injured in traffic collisions
on or near the campus.
Airport
Tweed
New Haven Regional Airport
, located three miles (5 km) east of the city,
provides daily service through US
Airways. While CT Transit has bus service from downtown
to Tweed, a taxi or car ride takes less than 15 minutes.
Seaport
New Haven
Harbor is home to The Port of New Haven, a deep-water
seaport with three berths capable of hosting vessels and barges as
well as the facilities required to handle break-bulk cargo.
The port has the capacity to load 200 trucks a day from the ground
or via loading docks. Rail transportation access is available, with
a private switch engine for yard movements and private siding for
loading and unloading. There is approximately of inside storage and
of outside storage available at the site. Five shore cranes with a
250-ton capacity and 26 forklifts, each with a 26-ton capacity, are
also available.
Power supply facilities
Electricity for New Haven is generated by 448 MW oil and gas-fired
generating station located on the shore at New Haven Harbor. In
addition,
Pennsylvania
Power and Light (PPL) Inc. operates a 220 MW peaking natural
gas turbine plant in nearby Wallingford.Near New Haven there is the
static inverter plant of the
HVDC Cross Sound
Cable.
New construction
Current construction includes the 31 story, 500 unit
apartment/retail building called 360 State which is rising downtown
at Chapel and State streets. The medical district near Route 34 is
experiencing a building boom centering on the new Smilow Cancer
Center, a 14 story facility scheduled to open in October, 2009,
along with several related medical buildings under construction in
late, 2009.
Foundation and ramp work to widen I-95 to create a new harbor
crossing for New Haven, with an extradosed bridge to replace the Q-bridge
has started with a completion date as beyond
2012. No work on the bridge structure
itself has begun.
A new Long Wharf Theater
and a new campus for Gateway Community College are
planned downtown on the site of the former New Haven
Coliseum. Other discussed projects include a
streetcar connecting New Havens neighborhoods and a major
revitalization in New Haven's
Long Wharf neighborhood.
Sister cities
Some of these were selected because of historical connection —
Freetown because of the Amistad trial. Others, such as Amalfi and
Afula-Gilboa, reflect ethnic groups in New Haven.
In 1990, the
United Nations named New
Haven a "
Peace
Messenger City".
Notable people
Yale alumni and faculty
Hopkins School alumni
Literature
- Leonard Bacon, Thirteen Historical Discourses, (New
Haven, 1839)
- C. H. Hoadley (editor), Records of the Colony of New Haven,
1638–1665, (two volumes, Hartford, 1857–58)
- J. W. Barber, History and Antiquities of New Haven,
(third edition, New Haven, 1870)
- C. H. Levermore, Town and City Government of New
Haven, (Baltimore, 1886)
- C. H. Levermore, Republic of New Haven: A History of
Municipal Evolution, (Baltimore, 1886)
- E. S. Bartlett, Historical Sketches of New Haven, (New
Haven, 1897)
- F. H. Cogswell, "New Haven" in L. P. Powell (editor),
Historic Towns of New England, (New York, 1898)
- H. T. Blake, Chronicles of New Haven Green, (New
Haven, 1898)
- E. E. Atwater, History of the Colony of New Haven,
(New edition, New Haven, 1902)
- Robert A. Dahl, Who
Governs? Democracy and Power
in An American City (Yale University Press, New Haven,
1961)
- Douglas W. Rae, City: Urbanism and Its End, (New
Haven, 2003)
- New Haven City Yearbooks
- Michael Sletcher, New Haven: From Puritanism to the Age of
Terrorism, (Charleston, 2004)
- William Lee Miller, The Fifteenth Ward and the Great
Society, (Houghton Mifflin/Riverside, 1966)
- Preston C. Maynard and Majorey B. Noyes, (editors), "Carriages
and Clocks, Corsets and Locks: the Rise and Fall of an Industrial
City-New Haven, Connecticut" (University Press of New England,
2005.)
See also
References
- In US Census population estimates between 2000 and 2008, New
Haven and Hartford's populations were estimated to have been within
511 of each other. In the American Community Survey 2008, New Haven
was significantly larger (124,000 in New Haven versus 118,000 in
Hartford). Since such differences are still potentially within the
margin of error in these estimates, which is "officially" larger
will not be known until the 2010 Census. As of October 2009, the
Census population estimate page listed New Haven as having a larger
population than Hartford in the 2000 (most recent) Decennial
Census.
- U.S. Census Bureau - Population in New England City
and Town Areas (NECTAs) in Alphabetical Order and Numerical and
Percent Change: 1990 and 2000
- South Central Regional Council of Governments
- New Haven: The Elm City
- They’re Putting The “Elm” Back In “Elm
City”
- 03/15/2004 What's Up Downtown? Business New
Haven
- Connecticut Register and Manual
- Biography of President George W. Bush
- Details on the plans for Downtown New Haven's
Coliseum Site, May 2008
- Williams, Joseph (2009-06-30). Supreme Court rules in favor of
Conn. firefighters. The Boston Globe. Retrieved on 2009-07-06 from
http://www.boston.com/news/local/connecticut/articles/2009/06/30/supreme_court_rules_in_favor_of_conn_firefighters/.
- Average Weather for New Haven, CT - Temperature and
Precipitation
- The Society of Colonial Wars in the State of
Connecticut
- New Haven’s Comprehensive Plan
-
http://www.cityofnewhaven.com/CityPlan/pdfs/PlanningPrograms/ComprehensivePlan/SectionVIDowntown.pdf
Comprehensive Report: New Haven pg3
- Harrison's illustrated guide to greater New Haven, (H2
Company, New Haven, 1995).
- Maps of the New Haven Neighborhoods
(PDF) are available from the
City of New Haven's City Plan Department. There are
also quick traces from the above PDFs in Google Earth/Map Shapes of the New Haven
Neighborhoods (KML).
- New Haven: Economy - Major Industries and
Commercial Activity
- New Haven city, Connecticut - Fact Sheet - American
FactFinder
- New Haven city, Connecticut - DP-3. Profile of
Selected Economic Characteristics: 2000
-
http://www.acinet.org/acinet/oview6.asp?soccode=&id=&nodeid=12&stfips=09&from=State
- Tribute to Elizabeth Mills Brown, 'Athena' of New
Haven Preservation, January 2009
- Buildings of New Haven
- Price & Lee's New Haven (New Haven County, Conn.) City Directory, 1899, page 375
- U.S. Patent #2,148,879
- Library of Congress retrieved on
2009-05-04
- Local Legacies American Folklife Center retrieved on
2009-05-04
- New Haven restaurants by cuisine @ Zagat
Survey
- Zagat Survey page for CT
- Yale University Bulldogs, Official Athletic Site
- Elm City Cycling
- http://www.fathermcgivney.org/mcg/legacy/index.do
-
http://www.conntact.com/archive_index/archive_pages/1632_Business_New_Haven.html
Connecticut Business News Journal "Dates of Our Lives"
- Pushing Boundaries – A History of the Knights of
Columbus
- Shifre Zamkov on the New Haven Holocaust
Memorial
- Greater New
Haven Holocaust Memory, Inc
-
http://www.nhregister.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=18340961&BRD=1281&PAG=461&dept_id=566835&rfi=6
- [citation forthcoming]
- New Haven Independent: A Streetcar
Comeback?
- New Haven Independent: Where To Catch The
Streetcar
- TransSystems: New Haven Electric StreetCar A
Catalyst for Development
- TranSystems/Stone Consulting & Design, "New
Haven Streetcar Assessment", April 2008.
- http://www.newhavensafestreets.org
- http://www.yaledailynews.com
- The New Haven Harbor Generating Station
- I-95
Expansion Project for New Haven, official site
External links
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