Events

• 800 – Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Pope Leo III.
• 939 – Edmund was crowned as king of England as his half-brother Aethelstan died.
• 1394 – The Korean king Yi Song-gye, founder of the Joseon-Dynasty, moved the capital from Kaesŏng to Hanyang, today known as Seoul.
• 1777 – San Jose, California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe. It is the first civilian settlement, or pueblo, in Alta California.
• 1781 – The crew of the British slave ship Zong murders 133 Africans by dumping them into the sea in order to claim insurance.
• 1807 – The Portuguese Royal Family leaves Lisbon to escape from Napoleonic troops.
• 1830 – November Uprising: An armed rebellion against Russia's rule in Poland begins.
• 1845 – The Sonderbund is defeated by the joint forces of other Swiss cantons under General Guillaume-Henri Dufour.
• 1847 – Whitman Massacre: Missionaries Dr. Marcus Whitman, his wife Narcissa, and 15 others are killed by Cayuse and Umatilla Indians, causing the Cayuse War.
• 1850 – The treaty, Punctation of Olmütz, signed in Olomouc means diplomatic capitulation of Prussia to Austrian Empire, which took over the leadership of German Confederation.
• 1854 – By the lead of Peter Lalor's the australian miners of the camp Eureka Stockade protested for the releaseof the imprisioned and argued for democratic reformation.
• 1864 – Indian Wars: Sand Creek Massacre – Colorado volunteers led by Colonel John Chivington massacre at least 150 Cheyenne and Arapaho noncombatants inside Colorado Territory.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Spring Hill – Confederate advance into Tennessee misses opportunity to crush Union army. Gen. Hood angered, leads to Battle of Franklin.
• 1872 – Indian Wars: The Modoc War begins with the Battle of Lost River.
• 1877 – Thomas Edison demonstrates his phonograph for the first time.
• 1881 – The city of Spokan Falls (today Spokane, Washington) is officially incorporated as a city.
• 1890 – The Meiji Constitution goes into effect in Japan and the first Diet convenes.
• 1890 – At West Point, New York, the United States Naval Academy defeats the United States Military Academy 24-0 in the first Army–Navy football game.
• 1893 – Ziqiang Institute, today known as Wuhan University, is founded by Zhang Zhidong, governor of Hubei and Hunan Provinces in late Qing Dynasty of China after his memorial to the throne is approved by the Qing Government.
• 1899 – Spanish football club FC Barcelona is founded by Joan Gamper.
• 1910 – The first US patent for inventing the traffic lights system is issued to Ernest Sirrine.
• 1913 – Fédération Internationale d'Escrime, the international organizing body of competitive fencing is founded in Paris, France.
• 1915 – Fire destroys most of the buildings on Santa Catalina Island, California.
• 1922 – Howard Carter opens the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun to the public.
• 1929 – U.S. Admiral Richard Byrd becomes the first person to fly over the South Pole.
• 1934 – The Chicago Bears defeat the Detroit Lions 19-16 in the first nationally broadcast game.
• 1943 – The second session of AVNOJ, the Anti-fascist council of national liberation of Yugoslavia, is held in Jajce, Bosnia and Herzegovina, determining the post-war ordering of the country.
• 1944 – The first surgery (on a human) to correct blue baby syndrome is performed by Alfred Blalock and Vivien Thomas.
• 1944 – Albania is liberated by the Albanian partisans.
• 1945 – The Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia is declared.
• 1947 – The United Nations General Assembly votes to partition Palestine (The Partition Plan).
• 1950 – Korean War: North Korean and Chinese troops force United Nations forces to retreat from North Korea.
• 1952 – Korean War: U.S. President-elect Dwight D. Eisenhower fulfills a campaign promise by traveling to Korea to find out what can be done to end the conflict.
• 1961 – Project Mercury: Mercury-Atlas 5 Mission – Enos, a chimpanzee, is launched into space. The spacecraft orbited the Earth twice and splashed-down off the coast of Puerto Rico.
• 1963 – U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson establishes the Warren Commission to investigate the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.
• 1963 – Trans-Canada Airlines Flight 831: A Douglas DC-8 carrying 118, crashes after taking-off from Dorval Airport near Montreal.
• 1965 – Canadian Space Agency launches the satellite Alouette 2.
• 1967 – Vietnam War: U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara announces his resignation.
• 1972 – Nolan Bushnell (co-founder of Atari) releases Pong (the first commercially successful video game) in Andy Capp’s Tavern in Sunnyvale, California.
• 1983 – Soviet war in Afghanistan: The United Nations General Assembly passes United Nations Resolution 37/37, stating that Soviet Union forces should withdraw from Afghanistan.
• 1987 – A Korean Air Boeing 707 explodes over the Thai-Burmese border, killing 155.
• 1990 – Gulf War: The United Nations Security Council passes United Nations Security Council Resolution 678, authorizing "use all necessary means to uphold and implement" United Nations Security Council Resolution 660 "to restore international peace and security" if Iraq did not withdraw its forces from Kuwait and free all foreign hostages by January 15, 1991.
• 2007 – The Armed Forces of the Philippines lay siege to The Peninsula Manila after soldiers led by Senator Antonio Trillanes stage a mutiny.
• 2007 – A 7.4 magnitude earthquake occurs off the northern coast of Martinique. This affected the Eastern Caribbean as far north as Puerto Rico and as far south as Trinidad.

Births

• 1338 – Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence, son of Edward III of England (d. 1368)
• 1427 – Zhengtong, Emperor of China (d. 1464)
• 1484 – Joachim Vadian, Swiss humanist (d. 1551)
• 1627 – John Ray, English naturalist (d. 1705)
• 1690 – Christian Augustus of Anhalt-Zerbst, father of Catherine II of Russia (d. 1747)
• 1752 – Jemima Wilkinson, American preacher (d. 1819)
• 1762 – Pierre André Latreille, French zoologist (d. 1833)
• 1781 – Andrés Bello, Venezuelan poet and philosopher (d. 1865)
• 1786 – Syed Ahmad Shaheed, Indian Muslim revolutionist killed by Sikh at Balakote.
• 1797 – Gaetano Donizetti, Italian composer (d. 1848)
• 1798 – Alexander Brullov, Russian painter (d. 1877)
• 1799 – Amos Bronson Alcott, American writer and educator (d. 1888)
• 1802 – Wilhelm Hauff, German poet and novelist (d. 1827)
• 1803 – Christian Doppler, Austrian physicist (d. 1853)
• 1803 – Gottfried Semper, German architect (d. 1879)
• 1813 – Franz von Miklosich, Slovenian linguist (d. 1891)
• 1816 – Morrison Waite, American jurist (d. 1888)
• 1825 – Jean-Martin Charcot, French neurologist (d. 1893)
• 1832 – Louisa May Alcott, American novelist (d. 1888)
• 1835 – Empress Dowager Cixi, Chinese ruler (d. 1908)
• 1849 – Sir John Ambrose Fleming, British physicist (d. 1945)
• 1856 – Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg, German statesman (d. 1921)
• 1857 – Theodor Escherich, German pediatrician (d. 1911)
• 1874 – Francis Dodd, British artist (d. 1949)
• 1874 – Egas Moniz, Portuguese physician, neurologist and Nobel laureate (d. 1955)
• 1876 – Nellie Tayloe Ross, American politician (d. 1977)
• 1879 – Jacob Gade, Danish composer(d. 1963)
• 1881 – Artur Phleps, German Waffen-SS officer (d. 1944)
• 1881 – Julius Raab, Austrian politician (d. 1964)
• 1882 – Henri Fabre, Aviation Pioneer (d. 1984)
• 1888 – Joe Slater, Australian Rules footballer (d. 1917)
• 1894 – Lucille Hegamin, American singer and entertainer (d. 1970)
• 1895 – Busby Berkeley, American film director and choreographer (d. 1976)
• 1895 – William Tubman, Liberian politician (d. 1971)
• 1896 – Yakima Canutt, American actor and stuntman (d. 1986)
• 1898 – C. S. Lewis, Irish writer (d. 1963)
• 1899 – Andrija Artuković, Croatian war criminal (d. 1988)
• 1901 – Mildred Harris, American actress (d. 1944)
• 1904 – Egon Eiermann, German architect (d. 1970)
• 1905 – Marcel Lefebvre, French Roman Catholic bishop (d. 1991)
• 1908 – Adam Clayton Powell Jr., American civil rights leader and politician (d. 1972)
• 1908 – N. S. Krishnan, Tamil film comedian (d. 1957)
• 1910 – Antanas Škėma, Lithuanian writer, stage actor and director (d. 1961)
• 1915 – Billy Strayhorn, American musician and composer (d. 1967)
• 1916 – Fran Ryan, American actress (d. 2000)
• 1917 – Merle Travis, American singer/guitarist (d. 1983)
• 1918 – Madeleine L'Engle, American author (d. 2007)
• 1920 – Yegor Ligachev, Soviet politician
• 1921 – Dagmar, American television personality (d. 2001)
• 1921 – Jackie Stallone, mother of Sylvester Stallone
• 1922 – Minnie Miñoso, Cuban baseball player
• 1926 – Tofik Bakhramov, Azerbaijani linesman (d. 1993)
• 1927 – Vin Scully, American baseball announcer
• 1928 – Tahir Salahov, Azerbaijani painter
• 1928 – Paul Simon, American politician (d. 2003)
• 1930 – Shirley Porter, English politician
• 1931 – Shintaro Katsu, Japanese actor (d. 1997)
• 1931 – André Noyelle, Belgian cyclist (d. 2003)
• 1932 – Jacques Chirac, French politician
• 1932 – Diane Ladd, American actress
• 1933 – John Mayall, British blues musician
• 1933 – James Rosenquist, American artist
• 1938 – Gene Okerlund, American wrestling interviewer and annoucer
• 1939 – Peter Bergman, American comedian
• 1939 – Domenico Monardo, American record producer
• 1940 – Denny Doherty, Canadian singer (The Mamas & the Papas) (d. 2007)
• 1940 – Chuck Mangione, American musician
• 1941 – Bill Freehan, American baseball player
• 1942 – Felix Cavaliere, American musician
• 1942 – Philippe Huttenlocher, Swiss opera singer
• 1942 – Maggie Thompson, American magazine editor
• 1943 – Sue Miller, American author
• 1946 – Brian Cadd, Australian singer-songwriter
• 1946 – Silvio Rodríguez, Cuban poet
• 1947 – Petra Kelly, German politician (d. 1992)
• 1947 – Ronnie Montrose, American guitarist
• 1949 – Stan Rogers, Canadian folk musician and songwriter (d. 1983)
• 1949 – Wayne Cowan, American wrestler
• 1949 – Jerry Lawler, American wrestler
• 1949 – Garry Shandling, American comedian
• 1951 – Barry Goudreau, American musician (Boston)
• 1951 – Roger Troutman, American musician (d. 1999)
• 1953 – Alex Grey, American artist
• 1953 – Christine Pascal, French actress, director and screenwriter (d. 1996)
• 1954 – Joel Coen, American film director, producer, and writer
• 1954 – Steve Rogers, Australian rugby league footballer (d. 2006)
• 1955 – C. David Johnson, Canadian actor
• 1955 – Howie Mandel, Canadian comedian
• 1956 – Hinton Battle, American dancer
• 1956 – Leo Laporte, American television personality
• 1956 – Eric Laakso, American football player
• 1957 – Matthew Rubel, CEO of Collective Brands Licensing
• 1957 – Janet Napolitano, United States Secretary of Homeland Security
• 1958 – Michael Dempsey, English musician (The Cure)
• 1959 – Neal Broten, American ice hockey player
• 1959 – Rahm Emanuel, White House Chief of Staff under President Barack Obama
• 1959 – Kim Delaney, American actress
• 1959 – Rich Camarillo, American football player
• 1959 – Richard Borcherds, Fields Medal winner
• 1960 – Howard Johnson, American baseball player
• 1960 – Cathy Moriarty, American actress
• 1961 – Masayoshi Yamashita, Japanese musician
• 1962 – Andy LaRocque Swedish musician (King Diamond)
• 1962 – Andrew McCarthy, American actor
• 1964 – Don Cheadle, American actor
• 1964 – Cork Graham, American journalist, actor and author
• 1964 – Tom Sizemore, American actor
• 1965 – Ellen Cleghorne, American comedian
• 1965 – Yutaka Ozaki, Japanese musician (d. 1992)
• 1966 – John Layfield, American professional wrestler
• 1968 – Jonathan Knight, American singer (New Kids on the Block)
• 1969 – Pierre van Hooijdonk, Dutch footballer
• 1969 – Kasey Keller, American soccer player
• 1969 – Mariano Rivera, Panamanian baseball player
• 1970 – Mark Pembridge, Welsh footballer
• 1971 – Gena Lee Nolin, American actress
• 1971 – Gregory Byrne, American college administrator
• 1971 – Brad May, Canadian hockey player
• 1972 – Brian Baumgartner, American actor
• 1972 – Larry Joe Campbell, American actor
• 1972 – Jamal Mashburn, American basketball player
• 1972 – Minoru Tanaka, Japanese pro-wrestler
• 1973 – Ryan Giggs, Welsh footballer
• 1973 – Sarah Jones, American playwright
• 1974 – Lin Chi-ling, Taiwanese model
• 1974 – Pavol Demitra, Slovak ice hockey player
• 1975 – Younis Khan, Pakistani cricketer
• 1976 – Anna Faris, American actress
• 1976 – Michalis Kakiouzis, Greek basketball player
• 1976 – Ehren McGhehey, American actor
• 1977 – Maria Petrova, Russian figure skater
• 1978 – Ludwika Paleta, Polish-born actress
• 1978 – Alessandro Fei, Italian volleyball player
• 1978 – Lauren German, American actress
• 1978 – Dimitrios Konstantopoulos, Greek footballer
• 1978 – Benjamín Vicuña, Chilean actor
• 1979 – Simon Amstell, English comedian and television presenter
• 1979 – Francis Beltrán, Dominican baseball player
• 1979 – Jayceon "The Game" Taylor, American rapper
• 1980 – Brian Wolfe, American baseball player
• 1981 – Nicholas Teo, Malaysian singer and actor
• 1982 – Lucas Black, American actor
• 1982 – Ashley Force, American race car driver
• 1983 – Tanner Glass, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1984 – Sitti Navarro, Philippine bossa nova artist
• 1985 – Shannon Brown, American basketball player
• 1987 – Stephen O'Halloran, Irish footballer

Deaths

• 741 – Pope Gregory III
• 1253 – Otto II Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1206)
• 1268 – Pope Clement IV
• 1314 – Philip IV of France (b. 1268)
• 1330 – Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March (b. 1287)
• 1342 – Michael of Cesena, Italian Franciscan leader (b. 1270)
• 1378 – Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1316)
• 1530 – Thomas Wolsey, English religious leader (b. c.1470)
• 1590 – Philipp Nikodemus Frischlin, German philologist and poet (b. 1547)
• 1595 – Alonso de Ercilla y Zúñiga, Basque soldier and poet (b. 1533)
• 1626 – Ernst, Graf von Mansfield, German soldier (b. c. 1580)
• 1632 – Frederick V, Elector Palatine (b. 1596)
• 1643 – William Cartwright, English dramatist (b. 1611)
• 1643 – Claudio Monteverdi, Italian composer (b. 1567)
• 1646 – Laurentius Paulinus Gothus, Swedish theologian and astronomer (b. 1565)
• 1661 – Brian Walton, English clergyman and scholar (b. 1600)
• 1694 – Marcello Malpighi, Italian physician (b. 1628)
• 1695 – James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount Stair, Scottish lawyer and statesman (b. 1619)
• 1699 – Patrick Gordon, Scottish general (b. 1635)
• 1759 – Nicolaus I Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (b. 1687)
• 1780 – Queen Maria Theresa of Hungary and Bohemia, Holy Roman Empress (b. 1717)
• 1797 – Samuel Langdon, American university president (b. 1723)
• 1847 – Marcus Whitman, Washington state pioneer (b. 1802)
• 1924 – Giacomo Puccini, Italian composer (b. 1858)
• 1927 – George Giffen, Australian cricketer (b. 1859)
• 1939 – Philipp Scheidemann, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1865)
• 1942 – Boyd Wagner, First USAAF fighter ace of WWII (b. 1916)
• 1953 – Alfons Fryland, Austrian actor (b. 1888)
• 1953 – Sam De Grasse, American actor (b. 1875)
• 1953 – Milt Gross, American comic book illustrator and animator (b. 1895)
• 1954 – Dink Johnson, American musician (b. 1892)
• 1957 – Erich Wolfgang Korngold, Austrian composer (b. 1897)
• 1967 – Ferenc Münnich, Hungarian Communist politician (b. 1886)
• 1972 – Carl Stalling, American composer (b. 1888)
• 1974 – James J. Braddock, American heavyweight boxer (b. 1905)
• 1975 – Graham Hill, English race car driver (b. 1929)
• 1980 – Dorothy Day, American journalist (b. 1897)
• 1980 – George J. Maloof, Sr., American businessman (b. 1923)
• 1981 – Fredric Wertham, German psychologist (b. 1895)
• 1981 – Natalie Wood, American actress (b. 1938)
• 1982 – Percy Williams, Canadian athlete (b. 1908)
• 1984 – Gotthard Günther, German philosopher (b. 1900)
• 1986 – Cary Grant, British-born American actor (b. 1904)
• 1987 – Irene Handl, English actress (b. 1901)
• 1991 – Ralph Bellamy, American actor (b. 1904)
• 1992 – Jean Dieudonné, French mathematician (b. 1906)
• 1996 – Dan Flavin, American artist (b. 1933)
• 1998 – Martin Ruane, English professional wrestler (b. 1947)
• 1998 – Frank Latimore, American actor (b. 1925)
• 1999 – Gene Rayburn, American game show host (b. 1917)
• 2001 – Mic Christopher, Irish singer and songwriter (b. 1969)
• 2001 – George Harrison, English singer, guitarist, songwriter, and Beatle (b. 1943)
• 2001 – John Knowles, American author (b. 1926)
• 2002 – Daniel Gélin, French actor (b. 1921)
• 2002 – George "Two Ton" Harris, American professional wrestler (b. 1927)
• 2003 – Moondog Spot, American professional wrestler (b. 1952)
• 2004 – Anne Samson, oldest-ever nun documented (b. 1891)
• 2004 – Harry Danning, American baseball player (b. 1911)
• 2004 – John Drew Barrymore, American actor (b. 1932)
• 2005 – Wendie Jo Sperber, American actress (b. 1958)
• 2005 – David di Tommaso, French footballer (b. 1979)
• 2006 – Allen Carr, English anti-smoking campaigner (b. 1934)
• 2007 – Henry Hyde, American politician (b. 1924)
• 2007 – James Barber, Canadian chef and writer (b. 1923)
• 2007 – Ralph Beard, American basketball player (b. 1927)
• 2007 – Roger Bonham Smith, American automobile executive (b. 1925)
• 2007 – Tom Terrell, American musicologist (b. 1950)
• 2008 – Jørn Utzon, Danish architect (b. 1918)
• 2009 – Robert Holdstock, English author (b. 1948)

Holidays and observances

• Feast day of the following saints in the Roman Catholic Church:
  • Saint Saturnin
  • Saint Cuthbert Mayne, martyr
  • Saint Radboud
• Albania – Liberation Day (Dita e Çlirimit)
• Israel – Kaftet be-November (commemoration of the U.N. decision in 1947 to partition Palestine)
• Former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia – Republic Day
• Liberia – William Tubman's Birthday

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada