Number the Stars is a work of historical fiction about the Holocaust of the Second World War by award-winning author Lois Lowry. Ten-year-old Annemarie Johansen is the central character, who lived in Copenhagen, Denmark, in 1943 and was caught up in the events surrounding the rescue of the Danish Jews. She and her family risked their lives to help Annemarie's best friend, Ellen Rosen, by pretending that Ellen is Annemarie's older sister; the sister had died earlier in the war during her work for the Resistance.

The title is taken from Psalm 147:4, in which the writer of the psalm relates that God has numbered all the stars in the universe. It is meant to tie into the Star of David, specifically to Ellen's necklace (Ellen is Jewish), which is symbolic to the story.

The novel was awarded the Newbery Medal in 1990 as the "most distinguished contribution to American literature for children".

Plot summary

Annemarie Johansen and her best friend Ellen Rosen, who is Jewish, are 10 year olds growing up in Copenhagen, Denmark in the year 1943. Nazi forces have occupied the country for over three years. Both girls try to live normal lives under this oppression, however,they notice the occupation more each day. One day, as Annemarie goes to Mrs. Hirsch's corner shop to buy a button for her sister Kirsti, she finds that it has been closed by the Nazi authorities. Mrs. Hirsch and her son have been "relocated."

Soon after, Peter Nielsen, a young red-headed man working in the Danish Resistance and who was engaged to Annemarie's deceased older sister Lise, visits Annemarie and her family and tells them that the Germans have started closing Jewish stores, such as Mrs. Hirsch's, as well as "relocating" Jews. The Nazis have been questioning rabbis in the local synagogue for the names of Jewish families. They find the Rosens listed and have begun to hunt them. The next day, Peter takes Mr. and Mrs. Rosen with him into hiding and Ellen Rosen comes to live with the Johansens, disguised as Annemarie's deceased older sister, Lise.

In the middle of the night, Nazi soldiers arrive at the Johansens' apartment and demand that the Johansens reveal the whereabouts of the Rosen family. Ellen Rosen is almost betrayed when one of the Nazi soldiers recognizes that two of Mr. Johansen's daughters are blond and have straight hair, while Ellen is dark-haired. Mr. Johansen retrieves baby photos of his three daughters, with their names listed, which clearly show that Lise had hair similar to Ellen's when she was a baby, so the soldier tears the photo and leaves.

The next day, Mr. Johansen calls his brother-in-law, Henrik, and asks "Is the weather good for fishing?" This was a code for "is it okay to bring Ellen over?". Annemarie, Ellen, Mrs. Johansen, and Kirsti leave by train for Uncle Henrik's home in Gilleleje, arrive, and come across a young kitten. Kirsti names him Thor, after the God of Thunder. She is laughed at for this.

One peaceful day goes by at Henrik's until Mrs. Johansen tells the girls that Great-aunt Birte has died and they will be having a funeral. However, Annemarie knows that Great-aunt Birte doesn't exist, and confronts Uncle Henrik. He explains to her that it is easier to be brave when you don't know the full truth, and gives no further explanation.

Strangers arrive at Uncle Henrik house, among them a rabbi and several Jewish families. Ellen's parents and Peter Nielsen arrives after dark cars filled with Nazi soldiers arrive at the house. A soldier questions Annemarie about the funeral, and asks her mother to open the casket. Annemarie's mother tells the soldier that Great-aunt Birte died of typhus but she will be only too happy to open the casket. The officer slaps her face and leaves, putting out the candles with a gloved hand. Peter reads a Psalm to the group from the Bible, recounting the Lord God numbering the stars. Annemarie thinks that it is impossible to number the stars in the sky, and that the world is cold and very cruel.

Peter opens the casket and distributes warm clothing and blankets to the Jewish families. They put on the clothing and walk out on a trail at night, splitting up to be less conspicuous. Peter leads the first group, while Annemarie's mother leaves with the second. Annemarie says goodbye to Ellen and goes to sleep for the night.

In the morning she finds that her mother has not returned. Annemarie looks out the window to see her lying on the grass below. She frantically runs outside and finds, to her relief, that her mother has only broken her ankle. They realize that a package important to the Resistance was accidentally left behind by Mr. Rosen. Mrs. Johansen, knowing the importance of the package, gives Annemarie a basket and puts the package inside. She places cheese, bread and an apple on top to hide it. Annemarie runs off, onto a wooded path towards her uncle's boat.

When she gets near the harbor, she is stopped by German soldiers on patrol. She lies and says she is merely delivering lunch to her uncle. The soldiers toss some of the food onto the ground. Eventually they reach the packet, which they tear open to find only a handkerchief. The German soldiers laugh, toss the cheese and handkerchief to the ground, and walk away. Annemarie continues onward to Uncle Henrik and gives him the packet. He boards his fishing boat and leaves for Sweden.

Uncle Henrik returns to Denmark later that evening and while teaching Annemarie how to milk a cow, explains that the Rosens were hiding in his boat and the handkerchief contained a chemical used to temporarily numb the German dogs' sense of smell.

Two years later, the war ends and all of Denmark celebrates. Annemarie knows that the Rosens will return soon. It is during this celebration that several revelations are made; Peter was captured and executed by the Germans and Annemarie's sister, Lise, was not killed in a car accident, but had been deliberately run down by the Nazis, who knew she was part of the Resistance. The Jews who were forced to leave Denmark will return, and their friends and neighbors have kept up their apartments for them in anticipation of the return. Before the Rosens come back, Annemarie asks her father to mend Ellen's Star of David necklace (which had been broken off the night the Nazis broke into the apartment in order to conceal her identity), wanting to wear it herself in honor of her.

Characters in Number the Stars

• Annemarie Johansen is an active ten-year-old girl and is the protagonist of the story. She saves Ellen from being killed by the German soldiers.
• Ellen Rosen is Annemarie's best friend, who is also ten years old. She is Jewish.
• Kirsti Johansen is Annemarie's five-year-old little sister. She is a chatterbox and a big pain to Annemarie and Ellen.
• King Christian X was the King of Denmark in 1943.
• German Soldiers are the main antagonists of the novel.
• Lise Johansen is Annemarie's deceased older sister who Annemarie loved very much.
• Mr. Johansen is Annemarie's father
• Mr. Rosen is Ellen's father.
• Mrs.(Inge) Johansen is Annemarie's mother.
• Mrs.(Sophy) Rosen is Ellen's mother.
• Mrs. Hirsch is a Jewish woman who ran a button store and was captured by the Nazis.
• Mrs. Hirsch's son is named Samuel and according to Ellen is very ugly.
• Peter Nielsen is Lise's ex-fiance who misses Lise very much and loves Annemarie.
• Uncle Henrik is Annemarie's uncle.
• Mr. Hirsch is Mrs. Hirsch's husband and Samuel's father.
• Thor the cat is a gray kitten named by Kirsti.

References

External links

• Lois Lowry - Author