Events

• 69 – Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus, the commander of the Danube armies, loyal to Vespasian, defeat the forces of Emperor Vitellius.
• 1147 – After a siege of 4 months crusader knights led by Afonso Henriques, reconquered Lisbon.
• 1260 – The spectacular Cathedral of Chartres is dedicated in the presence of King Louis IX of France; the cathedral is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• 1260 – Saif ad-Din Qutuz, Mamluk sultan of Egypt, is assassinated by Baibars, who seizes power for himself.
• 1360 – The Treaty of Brétigny is ratified at Calais, marking the end of the first phase of the Hundred Years' War.
• 1590 – John White, The governor of the second Roanoke Colony, returns to England after an unsuccessful search for the "lost" colonists.
• 1648 – The Peace of Westphalia is signed, marking the end of the Thirty Years' War.
• 1795 – Partitions of Poland: The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is completely divided among Austria, Prussia, and Russia
• 1812 – Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Maloyaroslavets takes place near Moscow.
• 1857 – Sheffield F.C., the world's first football club, is founded in Sheffield, England.
• 1861 – The First Transcontinental Telegraph line across the United States is completed, spelling the end for the 18-month-old Pony Express.
• 1892 – Goodison Park, the world's first association football specific stadium is opened.
• 1901 – Annie Edson Taylor becomes the first person to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel.
• 1911 – Orville Wright remains in the air 9 minutes and 45 seconds in a Wright Glider at Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina.
• 1912 – First Balkan War: The Battle of Kumanovo concludes with the Serbian victory.
• 1914 – End of Battle of Langemarck: The first Battle of Ypres (Flanders) ends with two more to follow.
• 1917 – Battle of Caporetto; Italy suffers a catastrophic defeat at the forces of Austria-Hungary and Germany on the Austro-Italian front of World War I (lasts until 19 November - also called Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo).
• 1917 – The day of the October revolution, The Red Revolution.
• 1926 – Harry Houdini's last performance, which is at the Garrick Theatre in Detroit, Michigan.
• 1929 – "Black Thursday" stock market crash on the New York Stock Exchange.
• 1930 – A bloodless coup d'état in Brazil ousts Washington Luís Pereira de Sousa, the last President of the First Republic. Getúlio Dornelles Vargas is then installed as "provisional president."
• 1931 – The George Washington Bridge opens to public traffic.
• 1944 – World War II: The Japanese aircraft carrier Zuikaku, and the battleship Musashi are sunk in the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
• 1945 – Founding of the United Nations
• 1946 – A camera on board the V-2 No. 13 rocket takes the first photograph of earth from outer space.
• 1947 – Walt Disney testifies to the House Un-American Activities Committee, naming Disney employees he believes to be communists.
• 1954 – Dwight D. Eisenhower pledges United States support to South Vietnam
• 1957 – The USAF starts the X-20 Dyna-Soar program.
• 1960 – Nedelin catastrophe: An R-16 ballistic missile explodes on the launch pad at the Soviet Union's Baikonur Cosmodrome space facility, killing over 100. Among the dead is Field Marshal Mitrofan Nedelin, whose death is reported to have occurred in a plane crash
• 1964 – Northern Rhodesia gains independence from the United Kingdom and becomes the Republic of Zambia (Southern Rhodesia remained a colony)
• 1973 – Yom Kippur War ends
• 1977 – Veterans Day is observed on the fourth Monday in October for the seventh and last time. (The holiday is once again observed on November 11 beginning the following year.)
• 1980 – Government of Poland legalizes Solidarity trade union
• 1986 – Nezar Hindawi is sentenced to 45 years in prison, the longest sentence handed down by a British court, for the attempted bombing on an El Al flight at Heathrow. After the verdict, the United Kingdom breaks diplomatic relations with Syria, claiming that Hindawi is helped by Syrian officials.
• 1990 – Italian prime minister Giulio Andreotti reveals to the Italian parliament the existence of Gladio, the Italian "stay-behind" clandestine paramilitary NATO army.
• 1998 – Launch of Deep Space 1 comet/asteroid mission
• 2002 – Police arrest spree killers John Allen Muhammad and Lee Boyd Malvo, ending the Beltway sniper attacks in the area around Washington, DC.
• 2003 – Concorde makes its last commercial flight.
• 2005 – Hurricane Wilma makes landfall in Florida resulting in 35 direct 26 indirect fatalities and causing $20.6B USD in damage.
• 2006 – Justice Rutherford of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice struck down the "motive clause", an important part of the Canadian Anti-Terrorism Act.
• 2008 – "Bloody Friday" saw many of the world's stock exchanges experienced the worst declines in their history, with drops of around 10% in most indices.
• 2009 – First International Day of Climate Action organized by 350.org, but a global campaign for climate action to address the climate crisis of global Warming.

Births

• 51 – Domitian, Roman Emperor (d. 96)
• 1378 – David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, heir to the throne of Scotland (d. 1402)
• 1561 – Anthony Babington, Leader of the Babington Plot (d. 1586)
• 1632 – Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Dutch microbiologist (d. 1723)
• 1675 – Richard Temple, 1st Viscount Cobham, English soldier and politician (d. 1749)
• 1710 – Alban Butler, English Catholic priest and writer (d. 1773)
• 1763 – Dorothea von Schlegel, German novelist (d. 1839)
• 1788 – Sarah Josepha Hale, American poet (d. 1879)
• 1804 – Wilhelm Eduard Weber, German physicist (d. 1891)
• 1811 – Ferdinand Hiller, German composer (d. 1885)
• 1854 – Hendrik Willem Bakhuis Roozeboom, Dutch chemist (d. 1907)
• 1855 – James S. Sherman, Vice President of the United States (d. 1912)
• 1857 – Ned Williamson, American baseball player (d. 1894)
• 1868 – Alexandra David-Néel, French explorer and writer (d. 1969)
• 1872 – Peter O'Connor, Irish athlete (d. 1957)
• 1875 – Konstantin Yuon, Russian painter (d. 1958)
• 1882 – Dame Sybil Thorndike, British actress (d. 1976)
• 1887 – Octave Lapize, French cyclist (d. 1917)
• 1887 – Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg, Queen of Spain (d. 1969)
• 1891 – Rafael Molina-Trujillo, President of the Dominican Republic (d. 1961)
• 1894 – Bibhutibhushan Mukhopadhyay, Bengali author (d. 1987)
• 1896 – Jack Warner, English actor (d. 1981)
• 1901 – Gilda Gray, Polish-born American actress and dancer (d. 1959)
• 1903 – Melvin Purvis, American FBI agent (d. 1960)
• 1904 – Moss Hart, American dramatist (d. 1961)
• 1905 – Fran Zwitter, Slovenian historian (d. 1988)
• 1906 – Alexander Gelfond, Russian mathematician (d. 1968)
• 1909 – Bill Carr, American athlete (d. 1966)
• 1911 – Sonny Terry, American blues musician (d. 1986)
• 1911 – Paul Grégoire, French Canadian archbishop of Montreal (d. 1993)
• 1913 – Tito Gobbi, Italian baritone (d. 1984)
• 1915 – Bob Kane, American cartoonist (d. 1998)
• 1915 – Roger Milliken, American millionaire
• 1915 – Marghanita Laski, British Journalist and Novelist (d. 1988)
• 1919 – Frank Piasecki, American aeronautical engineer (d. 2008)
• 1920 – Marcel-Paul Schützenberger, French mathematician (d. 1996)
• 1923 – Denise Levertov, English-born poet (d. 1997)
• 1925 – Luciano Berio, Italian composer (d. 2003)
• 1926 – Y. A. Tittle, American football player
• 1926 – Rafael Azcona, Spanish screenwriter (d. 2008)
• 1927 – Jean-Claude Pascal, French singer and actor (d. 1992)
• 1927 – Gilbert Bécaud, French composer and actor (d. 2001)
• 1929 – George Crumb, American composer
• 1929 – Yordan Radichkov, Bulgarian writer (d. 2004)
• 1929 – Hubert Aquin, French-Canadian novelist and activist (d. 1977)
• 1930 – J.P. Richardson, The Big Bopper, American singer (d. 1959)
• 1930 – Johan Galtung, Norwegian peace researcher
• 1930 – Sultan Ahmad Shah, King of Malaysia
• 1931 – Sofia Gubaidulina, Russian composer
• 1932 – Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2007)
• 1932 – Robert Mundell, Canadian economist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1933 – Norman Rush, American writer
• 1935 – Malcolm Bilson, American pianist and music professor
• 1936 – David Nelson, Actor/Television Personality
• 1936 – Bill Wyman, English musician (The Rolling Stones)
• 1937 – Santo Farina, American musician and composer (Santo & Johnny)
• 1939 – F. Murray Abraham, American actor
• 1940 – Martin Campbell, New Zealand film director
• 1941 – William H. Dobelle, American biomedical engineer
• 1943 – Bill Dundee, American professional wrestler
• 1944 – Ray Downs American author and musician
• 1944 – Viktor Prokopenko, Ukranian footballer and coach (d. 2007)
• 1945 – Anthony Christian, English artist
• 1945 – Gérald Larose, Quebec labour union executive
• 1945 – Alan Titus, American baritone
• 1945 – Duncan Lunan, Scottish astronomer and writer
• 1946 – Jerry Edmonton, Canadian drummer (Steppenwolf) (d. 1993)
• 1947 – Kevin Kline, American actor
• 1948 – Paul and Barry Ryan, British composers-singers
• 1948 – Kweisi Mfume, American politician and activist
• 1949 – Robert Pickton, Canadian serial killer
• 1950 – Steven Greenberg, American composer (Lipps Inc.)
• 1950 – Rawly Eastwick, American baseball player
• 1954 – Brad Sherman, American politician
• 1954 – Malcolm Turnbull, Australian politician
• 1954 – Thomas J. Mulcair, Quebec politician
• 1954 – Mike Rounds, American politician, current governor of South Dakota
• 1954 – Jozef Ráž, Slovak musician
• 1956 – Dale Maharidge, American author
• 1956 – Jeff Merkley, American politician
• 1957 – Ron Gardenhire, German-born American baseball manager
• 1957 – John Kassir, American actor and comedian
• 1959 – Anthony Waller, Lebanese film director
• 1960 – Ian Baker-Finch, Australian golfer
• 1960 – B.D. Wong, American actor
• 1960 – Jaime Garzón, Colombian journalist and comedian (d. 1999)
• 1960 – Joachim "Jo" Winkelhock, German race car driver
• 1960 – Dennis Anderson, American monster truck driver (Grave Digger)
• 1961 – Mary Bono, American politician
• 1961 – Bruce L. Castor, Jr. American politician
• 1961 – Dave Meltzer, American wrestling journalist
• 1962 – Dave Blaney, American race car driver
• 1962 – Jay Novacek, American football player
• 1963 – John Hendrie, Scottish footballer
• 1965 – Kyriakos Velopoulos, Greek politician
• 1966 – Roman Abramovich, Russian oil magnate
• 1967 – Jacqueline McKenzie, Australian actress
• 1968 – Robert Wilonsky, American journalist
• 1969 – Adela Noriega, Mexican actress
• 1970 – Rob Leslie-Carter, British engineer and project manager
• 1971 – Dervla Kirwan, Irish actress
• 1971 – Caprice Bourret, American model and actress
• 1972 – Kim Ji-soo, South Korean actress
• 1972 – Scott Peterson, American murderer
• 1972 – Pat Williams, American football player
• 1973 – Levi Leipheimer, American cyclist
• 1973 – Madlib, American musician and rapper
• 1973 – Jackie McNamara, Scottish footballer
• 1973 – Jeff Wilson, New Zealand rugby player and cricketer
• 1974 – Wilton Guerrero, Dominican baseball player
• 1974 – Corey Dillon, American football player
• 1974 – Jamal Mayers, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1975 – Juan Pablo Ángel, Colombian footballer
• 1976 – Petar Stoychev, Bulgarian swimmer
• 1977 – Iván Kaviedes, Ecuadoran footballer
• 1978 – Carlos Edwards, Trinidadian footballer
• 1978 – Justin Lee Brannan, American musician
• 1978 – James Hopes, Australian one-day cricketer
• 1979 – Ben Gillies, Australian musician (Silverchair)
• 1980 – Monica, American singer and actress
• 1980 – Matthew Amoah, Ghanaian footballer
• 1980 – Zac Posen, American fashion designer
• 1980 – Casey Wilson, American comic actress (Saturday Night Live)
• 1981 – Mallika Sherawat, Indian actress
• 1981 – Tila Tequila, American model
• 1982 – Mohamed Fairuz Fauzy, Malaysian racing driver
• 1982 – Macay McBride, American baseball player
• 1983 – Brian Vickers, American race car driver
• 1983 – Adrienne Bailon, American actress and singer
• 1984 – Kaela Kimura, Japanese model and singer
• 1984 – Felicia Chin, Singaporean actress
• 1985 – Wayne Rooney, English footballer
• 1986 – Aubrey Graham, Canadian actor and rapper
• 1986 – John Ruddy, English footballer
• 1987 – Charlie White, American ice dancer
• 1987 – Anthony Vanden Borre, Belgian footballer
• 1987 – Lincoln Lewis, Australian actor
• 1989 – Shenae Grimes, Canadian actress
• 1989 – Eliza Taylor-Cotter, Australian actress

Deaths

• 996 – King Hugh Capet of France (b. 938)
• 1260 – Saif ad-Din Qutuz, Mamluk sultan of Egypt
• 1375 – King Valdemar IV of Denmark (b. c.1320)
• 1537 – Jane Seymour, third wife of Henry VIII of England (b. 1508)
• 1572 – Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derby, English politician (b. c.1508)
• 1601 – Tycho Brahe, Danish astronomer (b. 1546)
• 1655 – Pierre Gassendi, French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist (b. 1592)
• 1669 – William Prynne, English Puritan leader (b. 1600)
• 1672 – John Webb, English architect (b. 1611)
• 1708 – Kowa Seki, Japanese mathematician
• 1725 – Alessandro Scarlatti, Italian composer (b. 1660)
• 1799 – Karl Ditters von Dittersdorf, Austrian composer (b. 1739)
• 1821 – Elias Boudinot, American President of the Continental Congress (b. 1740)
• 1852 – Daniel Webster, American lawyer and politician (b. 1782)
• 1875 – Raffaello Carboni, Italian writer (b. 1817)
• 1898 – Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, French painter (b. 1824)
• 1912 – Mykola Lysenko, Ukrainian composer (b. 1842)
• 1915 – Désiré Charnay, French archaeologist (b. 1828)
• 1922 – George Cadbury, British chocolate and cocoa manufacturer (b. 1839)
• 1935 – Dutch Schultz, American gangster (b. 1902)
• 1938 – Ernst Barlach, German sculptor (b. 1870)
• 1943 – Hector de Saint-Denys Garneau, French Canadian poet (b. 1912)
• 1944 – Louis Renault, French car manufacturer (b. 1877)
• 1945 – Vidkun Quisling, Norwegian soldier, politician and convicted traitor, by execution (b. 1887)
• 1948 – Franz Lehár, Austrian composer (b. 1870)
• 1964 – Toni Kinshofer, German mountaineer, first winter ascent of the Eiger North Face (b. 1931)
• 1966 – Sofya Yanovskaya, Russian mathematician (b. 1896)
• 1971 – Carl Ruggles, American composer (b. 1876)
• 1972 – Jackie Robinson, American baseball player, and the first black player in Major League Baseball (b. 1919)
• 1972 – Claire Windsor, American actress (b. 1897)
• 1974 – David Oistrakh, Ukrainian violinist (b. 1908)
• 1975 – Zdzisław Żygulski, Sr., Polish literary historian (b. 1888)
• 1985 – Richie Evans, American NASCAR driver (b. 1941)
• 1985 – Maurice Roy, Archbishop of Quebec, (b. 1905)
• 1989 – Jerzy Kukuczka, Polish mountaineer, second person to climb all fourteen eight-thousanders (b. 1948)
• 1991 – Gene Roddenberry, American television producer (b. 1921)
• 1994 – Yannis Hotzeas, Greek Marxist theoretician (b. 1930)
• 1994 – Raúl Juliá, Puerto Rican actor (b. 1940)
• 1997 – Don Messick, American voice actor (b. 1926)
• 2001 – Wolf Rüdiger Hess, German neo-Nazi (b. 1937)
• 2002 – Herman Gaviria, Colombian football player (b. 1969)
• 2002 – Winton M. Blount, United States Postmaster General (b. 1921)
• 2002 – Harry Hay, American activist (b. 1912)
• 2003 – Rosie Nix Adams, Stepdaughter of Johnny Cash (b. 1958)
• 2004 – Randy Dorton, American race car crew member (b. 1954)
• 2004 – Ricky Hendrick, American race car team owner (b. 1980)
• 2004 – James Cardinal Hickey, American Catholic archbishop (b. 1920)
• 2005 – José Azcona del Hoyo, President of Honduras (b. 1926)
• 2005 – Joy Clements, American soprano (b. 1932)
• 2005 – Robert Sloman, writer (b. 1926)
• 2005 – Rosa Parks, American civil rights activist (b. 1913)
• 2005 – Immanuel C.Y. Hsu, scholar of modern Chinese intellectual and diplomatic history (b. 1923)
• 2005 – Mokarrameh Ghanbari, Iranian painter (b. 1928)
• 2006 – Enolia McMillan, American civil rights activist (b. 1904)
• 2006 – William Montgomery Watt, Islamic studies scholar, orientalist and historian (b. 1909)
• 2007 – Petr Eben, Czech organ composer (b. 1929)
• 2007 – Alisher Saipov, Kyrgyz journalist (b. 1981)
• 2007 – Ian Middleton, New Zealand novelist (b. 1928)
• 2008 – Moshe Cotel, American composer and pianist (b. 1943)

Holidays and observances

• Independence Day in Zambia (1964)
• United Nations Day (charter 1945)
• French Republican Calendar – Poire Day, third day in the Month of Brumaire
• Christian observances
  • Anthony Mary Claret
• Maladay (Discordianism)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada