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Popular science, sometimes called literature of science, is interpretation of science intended for a general audience. While science journalism focuses on recent scientific developments, popular science is broad-ranging, often written by scientists as well as journalists, and is presented in many formats, which can include books, television documentaries, magazine articles and web pages.

Role

Popular science is a bridge between scientific literature as a professional medium of scientific research, and the realms of popular political and cultural discourse. The goal of the genre is often to capture the methods and accuracy of science, while making the language more accessible. Many science-related controversies are discussed in popular science books and publications, such as the long-running debates over biological determinism and the biological components of intelligence, stirred by popular books such as The Mismeasure of Man and The Bell Curve.

The purpose of scientific literature is to inform and persuade peers as to the validity of observations and conclusions and the forensic efficacy of methods. Popular science attempts to inform and convince scientific outsiders (sometimes along with scientists in other fields) of the significance of data and conclusions and to celebrate the results through epideictic rhetoric. Statements in scientific literature are often qualified and tentative, emphasizing that new observations and results are consistent with and similar to established knowledge wherein qualified scientists are assumed to recognize the relevance. By contrast, popular science emphasizes uniqueness and generality, taking a tone of factual authority absent from the scientific literature. Comparisons between original scientific reports and derivative science journalism and popular science typically reveal at least some level of distortion and oversimplification which can often be quite dramatic, even with politically neutral scientific topics.

Popular science literature can be written by non-scientists who may have a limited understanding of the subject they are interpreting and it can be difficult for non-experts to identify misleading popular science, which may also blur the boundaries between formal science and pszeudkoscience.

Common threads

Some common traits of popular science productions include:
  • Bridging the is-ought gap
  • Entertainment value or personal relevance to the audience
  • Emphasis on uniqueness and radicalness
  • Exploring ideas overlooked by specialists or falling outside of established disciplines
  • Generalized, simplified science concepts
  • Presented for an audience with little or no science background, hence explaining general concepts more thoroughly
  • Synthesis of new ideas that cross multiple fields and offer new applications in other academic specialties
  • Use of metaphors and analogies to explain difficult and/or abstract scientific concepts
  • Very limited mathematical formulas or complicating details


Notable popularizers of science

Name
Carl Sagan, astrobiologist, broadcaster, (astronomer) author; co-writer and host of Cosmos: A Personal Voyage
David Attenborough, broadcaster and naturalist
James Burke, BBC science historian best know for the series Connections
John Acorn, naturalist and broadcaster known as the "Nature Nut"
Amir Aczel, author and mathematician
Isaac Asimov, author and biochemist
Johnny Ball, broadcaster and math popularizer
David Bellamy, broadcaster, author, and botanist
Bob Berman, astronomer
David Bodanis, author
Daniel J. Boorstin, author and Librarian of Congress
Jacob Bronowski, mathematician, biologist, author and pioneering science broadcaster
Bill Bryson, author
Fritjof Capra, physicist and author
Nigel Calder, broadcaster and journalist
Brian Clegg, author
Jack Cohen, reproductive biologist
Brian Cox , Broadcaster, musician and physicist
Paul Davies, physicist, author and broadcaster
Richard Dawkins, evolutionary biologist and author
Jared Diamond, evolutionary biologist, physiologist, biogeographer and author
Sir Arthur Eddington, astrophysicist
Peter Fairley, journalist and broadcaster
Michael Faraday, scientist and lecturer
Richard Feynman, physicist and author
Brian J. Ford, biologist, lecturer and author
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George Gamow, physicist and cosmologist
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Martin Gardner, mathematician and author
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James Gleick, author and journalist
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Ben Goldacre, GP
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Stephen Jay Gould, paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and science historian
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Brian Greene, physicist
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John Gribbin, astronomer and author
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Heinz Haber, physicist and author
Thomas Hager, author and science journalist
Bas Haring, philosopher and author
Stephen Hawking, theoretical physicist and author
Don Herbert, aka Mr. Wizard, broadcaster
Roald Hoffmann, chemist
Douglas Hofstadter, computer scientist, cognitive scientist, and author
Jamie Hyneman, special effects artist and television personality (MythBusters)
Jay Ingram, broadcaster and author
Steve Jones, evolutionary biologist and author
Horace Freeland Judson, historian of molecular biology and author
Olivia Judson, evolutionary biologist, broadcaster, and author
Michio Kaku, theoretical physicist and author
Lawrence Krauss, physicist and author
Robert Krulwich, broadcaster
Karl Kruszelnicki, aka Dr Karl, broadcaster
Richard Lewontin, evolutionary biologist, geneticist and author
Chris Lintott, astrophysicist
Robert A. J. Matthews, physicist, mathematician, computer scientist, and journalist
Bob McDonald, CBC journalist and host of Quirks and Quarks
Fulvio Melia, physicist, astrophysicist and author
Julius Sumner Miller, broadcaster
Sir Patrick Moore, amateur astronomer and broadcaster
Desmond Morris, zoologist, ethologist, and author.
PZ Myers, professor and author of the science blog Pharyngula
Jayant Narlikar, Cosmologist and author
Bill Nye, broadcaster and mechanical engineer known as the "Science Guy"
Tor Nørretranders, author
Robert Olby, author and historian of science
John Allen Paulos, mathematician and author
Fred Pearce, journalist at New Scientist
Yakov I. Perelman, author
Steven Pinker, experimental psychologist, cognitive scientist and author
Robert Pollack, biologist and author
Christopher Potter, publisher, philosopher and author
Magnus Pyke, author
V. S. Ramachandran, neuroscientist, cognitive scientist and author
Matt Ridley, zoologist, journalist and author
Steven Rose, biologist, neurobiologist, broadcaster and author
Oliver Sacks, neurologist and author
Kirsten Sanford, neurophysiologist and broadcaster
Adam Savage, special effects artist and television personality (MythBusters)
Simon Singh, physicist, mathematician and author
Ian Stewart, mathematician and author
David Suzuki, broadcaster and environmental activist
Colin Tudge, biologist and author
Neil deGrasse Tyson, astrophysicist and author
Kevin Warwick, biomedical scientist, roboticist, and author
Doron Weber, Sloan Foundation program director
Robert Winston, scientist and broadcaster
Lewis Wolpert, developmental biologist, author and broadcaster
Carl Zimmer, science writer and author of the science blog The Loom


Some sources of popular science



See also



Notes and references

Further reading

  • McRae, Murdo William (editor). The Literature of Science: Perspectives on Popular Scientific Writing. The University of Georgia Press: Athens, 1993. ISBN 0-8203-1506-0



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