The island of Ireland, comprising Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, has an extensive network of tens of thousands of kilometres of public roads, usually surfaced. These roads have been developed and modernised over centuries, from trackways suitable only for walkers and horses, to surfaced roads including modern motorways. Northern Ireland has had motorways since 1962, and has a well developed network of primary, secondary and local routes. Historically, the road network in the Republic of Ireland was less well developed and maintained. However, with the advent of the Celtic Tiger and significant European Union funding, most national roads in the Republic continue to be upgraded. In the 1990s the Republic went from having only a few short sections of motorway to constructing motorways, dual-carriageways and other improvements on most major routes as part of a National Development Plan. Road construction in Northern Ireland has proceeded at a slower pace in recent years, although a number of important bypasses and upgrades to dual carriageway have recently been completed or are about to begin.

The major differences between roads in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland are in road quality and route classification, signposts and speed limits.

Roads in Northern Ireland are classified as either motorways (shown by the letter M followed by a route number, eg. M1), A-roads (shown by the letter A followed by a route number, eg. A6), B-roads (shown by the letter B followed by a route number, eg. B135) and other roads. There are two types of A-roads: primary and non-primary. Roads in the Republic are classified as either motorways (shown by the letter M followed by a route number, eg. M7), National roads (shown by the letter N followed by a route number, eg. N25), Regional roads (shown by the letter R followed by a route number, eg. R611) and Local roads (shown by the letter L followed by a route number, eg. L4202). There are two types of National roads: National Primary routes and National Secondary routes.

Distance signposts in Northern Ireland show distances in miles, while all signposts placed in the Republic since the 1970s use kilometres. The Republic's road signs are bilingual, using both of the state's official languages, Irish and English. The signs in Irish Gaelic are written in lower case italic script, which are smaller than the English language script and are therefore more difficult to read than the English version , which are in non-italic large capital letters. Signs in Northern Ireland are in English only. Warning signs in the Republic have a yellow background and are diamond-shaped, those in Northern Ireland are triangle-shaped and have a white background with a red border.

Currently speed limits in Northern Ireland are specified in miles per hour. Those in the Republic use kilometres per hour (km/h), a change introduced on 20 January 2005. This involved the provision of 58,000 new metric speed limit signs, replacing and supplementing 35,000 imperial signs.

History

There have been routes and trackways in Ireland connecting settlements and facilitating trade since ancient times. Ireland was never part of the Roman Empire and, therefore, Roman roads were not built in Ireland. However, an Iron Age road with a stone surface has been excavated in Munster and togher ( ) roads, a type of causeway built through bogs, were found in many areas of the country.

According to an entry in the Annals of the Four Masters for AD 123, there were five principal highways ( ) leading to Tara ( ) in Early Medieval Ireland.

Early medieval law-tracts set out five types of road including the highway (slighe), the '[regional] main road' (ród or rout), the 'connecting road' (lámraite), the 'side road' (tógraite) which could be tolled, and the 'cow road' (bóthar). Bóthar is the most common term for 'road' in modern Irish: its diminutive form, bóithrín, (or boreen in English) is used as a term for very narrow, rural roads.

The development of roads in Ireland seemed to have stagnated until the eighteenth- and early nineteenth-centuries. However, in the eighteenth century, a network of turnpike roads (charging tolls) was built: "a turnpike was a primitive form of turnstile - a gate across the road, opened on payment of a toll. The average length of a turnpike road was 30 miles". Routes to and from Dublin were developed initially and the network spread throughout the country. Turnpikes operated between 1729 and 1858 when the extensive railway network made them increasingly unpopular.

Specialist routes to facilitate the butter trade, which centered on Cork, were built in Munster. The first butter road was commissioned in 1748 and was built by John Murphy of Castleisland in Co. Kerry. In other areas, notably in Co. Wicklow, military roads were built to help secure British military control over remote areas. The Military Road through Co. Wicklow was begun in 1800 and completed in 1809. The R115 is part of the Military Road for its entire length.

Railways became the dominant form of land transport from the mid-nineteenth century. This situation persisted until the first half of the twentieth century when motorised road transport (cars, buses and trucks) gradually began to take over from railways as the most important form of land transport.

Pre-independence legislation (the Ministry of Transport Act, 1919) laid the foundation for the regulation of the modern system of public roads in Ireland. The Act gave the Minister for Local Government the power to classify roads: Trunk Road Funds were used to enable local councils to improve major roads and road surfacing was gradually undertaken throughout the 1920s, 1930s and beyond.

By the 1950s an established system of road classification and numbering with Trunk Roads and Link Roads had long been developed. The present system of road classification and numbering began in 1977 when twenty-five National Primary roads and thirty-three National Secondary roads were designated.

Regional roads were first formally designated in 1994, although Regional road route-numbers began appearing on signposts in the 1980s. The Roads Act 1993 also classified all public roads which are not national or regional roads as local roads.

Roads in the Republic of Ireland

The Republic has an extensive network of public roads connecting all parts of the country.As of 31 December 2007, there was a total of 5,427.58 km of national roads: 2,743.606 km of national primary routes (including motorways) and 2,683.974 km of national secondary routes. In addition to national roads, the Republic also has an extensive network of other public roads: there are 11,630 kilometres of regional roads and 78,972 kilometres of local roads.

The Republic's major road network is focused on Dublin, and motorways are currently being extended to other major cities as part of the Transport 21 programme which aims to have a world-class motorway network in place by the end of 2010. By then most of Ireland's main cities (Cork, Limerick, Galway, Waterford, Belfast) excluding Derry will be connected to Dublin with motorways or with near-motorway standard roads. Dublin has been the focus of some other major projects, such as the East-Link and West-Link toll-bridges, as well as the Dublin Port Tunnel. Major by-pass projects are underway at other cities and towns; most of these are under construction as of 2009. The Jack Lynch Tunnel under the River Lee in Cork was a major project outside Dublin, and a fourth crossing at Limerick under the River Shannon (known as the Limerick Tunnel) commenced construction in 2006.

Major roads are either known as motorways or national roads. There are two classes of national roads:

• National Primary Routes are currently numbered from 1 to 33 and 50 (route numbers 34-49 are not currently allocated).
• National Secondary Routes are currently numbered from 51 to 87 (however, the N57 was reclassified as the N26, the N64 was reclassified as a section of the N18 and the N79 was reclassified as the N30).

Non-motorway sections of national routes are sign-posted with the N prefix, motorway sections are signed with the M prefix.

Motorways

In the Republic of Ireland, the highest category of road is a motorway, indicated by the prefix M followed by one or two digits. The motorway network is focused on Dublin and is currently under-going a major expansion programme, through construction of motorways and redesignation of existing dual-carriageway sections of National Primary routes. At present, there are over 350 km of new motorway under construction, due to be completed by the end of 2010 or earlier. Recent redesignation of dual-carriageway sections of National Primary routes mean that there will be approximately 930 km of motorway in the Republic of Ireland by the end of 2010 with further planned construction possibly leading to around 1100 km of motorway by 2015.

The first motorway section in the state was the M7 Naas by-pass, which opened in 1983. As of 2009, all motorways in Ireland are part of, or form, national primary roads. At the end of 2004 there were 192 km of motorway in the Republic and 286 km of dual-carriageway. This was extended, by the end of 2005, to 247 km of motorway and 297 km of dual-carriageway. By the end of December 2008 there were 435 km of motorway in Ireland, with several hundred kilometres under construction and a further 235.4 km at various planning stages.

In June 2007, it was announced that around 800 kilometres of 'new' motorway would be created; however, much of this resulted from the re-classification of most of the country's high quality dual carriageways to motorway regulations rather than the construction of purpose-built motorways. This has affected most of the major inter-urban routes between Dublin and various towns and cities and some of the Atlantic Corridor along the Western seaboard. In December 2007, it was announced that a planned high quality dual carriageway scheme between Galway and Tuam would be built as a motorway, the first such new motorway project to be announced since the early 2000s.

• Another new motorway, the M20, is being planned as the main route between Cork and Limerick.
• By 2015, there may be approximately 1090 km of motorway in Ireland, comprising the M50 (49 km), M20 (90 km approx), M18 (70 km approx), M17 (25.5 km), M11 (62 km), M9 (116.5 km), M8 (150 km), M7 (169 km), M6 (143 km), M4 (62 km), M3 (43 km), M2 (13 km), and M1 (91 km).
• On 30 September 2008 (see below), it was announced that the proposed 26.6 km Gort to Oranmore scheme was to be included in the second tranche of motorway re-designations as it will link into the proposed M17.

National primary roads

This category of road has the prefix "N" followed by one or two digits. The most important routes are numbered N1-N11 (radiate anti-clockwise from Dublin), with those in the range N12-N33 being cross-country roads. National secondary roads (see next section) are numbered under the same scheme with higher numbers. On road signage, destinations served but not on the route in question are listed in brackets, with the connecting route also listed (see thumbnail).

Northern Ireland route sections (which are classified separately according to NI schemes) are in some cases included in a theoretical complete cross-border route – for example the N3 route, which re-enters the Republic. These are listed here in brackets for completeness (and are present on southern road signage).



This list ignores the sections of route reclassified as motorway (see previous section).

Name	Description
N1	Dublin – Border (North of Dundalk) – (A1 Newry – Belfast)
N2	Dublin – Monaghan – (A5 Omagh – Derry)
N3	Dublin – Cavan – Ballyshannon
N4	Dublin – Sligo
N5	(N4 from Dublin) – Longford – Castlebar with planned extension to Westport
N6	(N4 from Dublin) – Kinnegad – Galway
N7	Dublin – Limerick
N8	(N7 from Dublin) – Portlaoise – Cork
N9	(N7 from Dublin) – Kilcullen – Carlow – Waterford
N10	(N9 from Dublin) – Paulstown – Kilkenny – Ballyhale – (N9 to Waterford)
N11	Dublin – Wexford
N12	Monaghan – (A3 to Belfast)
N13	(N15 from Sligo) – Stranorlar – Letterkenny – (A2 to Derry, A6, M22, M2 to Belfast)
N14	Letterkenny – Lifford – (A5 to Strabane)
N15	Sligo – Donegal – Lifford – (B72, A5 to Derry)
N16	Sligo – (A4 to Enniskillen, A4, M1 to Belfast)
N17	Galway – Claremorris – Collooney – (N4 to Sligo)
N18	(N4, N17 from Sligo) – Claregalway – (N6 from Galway) Oranmore – Ennis – Limerick
N19	(N18 from Limerick/Ennis) – Shannon Town – Shannon Airport
N20	Limerick – Cork
N21	Limerick – Castleisland – Tralee
N22	Cork – Killarney – Farranfore – Tralee
N23	(N21 from Limerick) – Castleisland – Farranfore – (N22 to Killarney)
N24	Limerick – Waterford
N25	Cork – Waterford – Rosslare Europort
N26	(N4, N5 from Dublin) – Swinford – Ballina
N27	Cork city centre – Cork Airport
N28	Cork – Ringaskiddy
N29	(Spur off N25 east of Waterford to Belview Port)
N30	(N25 from Cork, Waterford near New Ross) -– Enniscorthy – (N11 to Dublin)
N31	(Spur off N11 at Dublin to Dún Laoghaire)
N32	(Continuation of M50 to Malahide Road)
N33	(Spur off M1 to Ardee)
(N50)	Dublin ring-road. Only exists as the M50, but route set out in legislation as a primary (N) route.

National secondary roads

National secondary roads are also indicated with a "N" prefix. Routes N51 and higher (currently to N87) are national secondary routes.

There are 2683.974 km of national secondary roads in Ireland, making up slightly less than 50% of the entire national route (national primary and national secondary) network. National secondary routes are generally more poorly maintained than primary routes (although their quality can vary widely), but often carry more traffic than regional roads. Almost the entire network of national secondary roads is single carriageway, although there are some short sections of dual carriageway on the Tallaght bypass section of the N81, on the N52 at Dundalk, on the N85 at Ennis, on the N62 at Athlone and on the N71 between Cork and Bandon. Typically, national secondary roads are of a similar standard or higher than regional roads although some are of lower quality than the better sections of regional roads. Many of them have been resurfaced with higher quality pavements in recent years with relatively smooth surfaces and good road markings and signposting. However, road widths and alignments are often inadequate, with many narrow and winding sections.

National secondary roads generally do not bypass towns on their routes although there are a number of exceptions: the N52 bypasses Nenagh, Mullingar and the centre of Dundalk (as a relief road) with a further N52 bypass of Tullamore planned, the N55 (along with the N3) bypasses Cavan, the N56 forms part of the Donegal bypass, the N61 and the N63 bypass Roscommon, the N71 bypasses Halfway and Skibbereen, the N74 bypasses Cashel, the N76 bypasses Callan, the N77 forms the northern part of the Kilkenny ring road, the N80 bypasses Carlow and the N85 bypasses Ennis. When the Fermoy (Moorepark) to Kilbehenny section of the M8 was completed, the former N8 bypass of Mitchelstown was re-classified as the N73.

Examples of national secondary roads are:

• N52 Dundalk via Mullingar and Birr to Nenagh joining M7 to Limerick
• N59 Galway – Clifden – Westport – Bangor Erris – Ballina – Ballysadare
• N62 Athlone – Horse and Jockey
• N74 Cashel – Golden – Tipperary Town
• N81 Dublin – Tullow
• N86 Tralee – Dingle via Lispole

Regional roads

There are over 11,600 kilometres of regional roads. Regional roads are numbered with three digit route numbers, prefixed by "R" (e.g. R105). Route numbers range from R1xx in the north-east to R7xx in the south-east of the country, with newer regional roads numbered R8xx and R9xx. Some of the more important regional roads such as the R136 Outer Orbital, Dublin and the R710 Waterford Outer Ring Road are dual-carriageway in whole or part. Most regional roads are however single carriageway roads, and many are rather narrow country roads.

Regional roads are subject to a general speed limit of 80 km/h (imperial equivalent: 50 mph) or 50 km/h (imperial equivalent: 31.25 mph) in built-up areas.

While funding for national primary roads is administered centrally by the National Roads Authority (NRA), regional and local roads are less well funded (although funding has increased in the 2000s). Local councils are responsible for these roads, as opposed to the NRA.

Local Roads

All public roads which are not motorways, national roads or regional roads are local roads: "a public road, other than a national road or a regional road, shall be a local road".

Local roads vary greatly in quality, from wide urban streets to very narrow, rural lanes, known as boreens in Ireland. There are three types of Local Road: Local Primary (local roads wider than 4 metres), Local Secondary (local roads narrower than 4 metres) and Local Tertiary (cul-de-sacs and other minor roads).

Local roads are subject to a general speed limit of 80 km/h (imperial equivalent: 50 mph) or 50 km/h (imperial equivalent: 31.25 mph) in built-up areas.

Local roads are not generally referred to by number, but are registered with a four- or five-digit "L" number, taking the form Lxxxx. It used to be rare to see these numbers on signposts (and these numbers do not appear on Ordnance Survey maps), but in 2006 the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government began a programme of new signage for regional roads that incorporates localroad numbers on directional signage (see thumbnails).

Old system

The Republic of Ireland had a different road numbering system prior to the introduction of the National Route numbering system.

Major roads were marked with "T" for Trunk Road, less important roads were marked with "L" for Link Road.

The first nine Trunk Roads (T1, T2, T3, T4, T4a, T5, T6, T7, T8) radiated out from Dublin (with the T8 branching off the T7 at Enniscorthy) and followed an anti-clockwise pattern. This pattern was similar to the existing anti-clockwise pattern which the routes radiating out of Dublin follow.

Unlike the present system, where each road (whether N- or R-) has a unique number, under the Trunk/Link system, the L-roads were numbered separately beginning with L1. These L (for Link Road) classifications are not related to the current Lxxxx numbers for Local Roads. Confusingly, some old road signs still show the former (now obsolete) road numbers.

Trunk Roads were broadly equivalent to the present National Roads, and Link Roads to the present Regional Roads. Most of the National Primary and National Secondary routes had been Trunk Roads and generally they followed the routes of these Trunk roads, albeit with a different numbering system. However, some National Primary and Secondary roads also incorporated Link Roads and unclassified roads into their routes. Furthermore, many Trunk Roads were downgraded to Regional roads, effectively 'de-trunked'. Some newer National Primary routes were built as new roads in the 1990s and therefore did not incorporate former Trunk, Link or unclassified roads into their routes.

Former Major Trunk Roads in Ireland & Current Equivalents

• T1 = Dublin – north of Dundalk (Belfast). Mainly present R132, old N1; largely replaced by M1
• T2 = Dublin – north of Monaghan (Derry). Mainly present N2 road
• T3 = Dublin–Sligo. Mainly present N4 road
• T4 = Dublin–Galway. Mainly present N6 road (& R348).
• T5 = Dublin–Limerick. Mainly present N7 road
• T6 = Dublin–Cork. Including parts of present N9 road, N8 road and N30 road
• T7 = Dublin–Waterford. Mainly present N11 road
• T8 = Enniscorthy–Rosslare. Mainly part of present N11 road and N25 road.
• T11 = Cork–Sligo. Mainly present N20 road, N18 road and N17 road
• T12 = Cork–Wexford. Mainly present N25 road
• T13 = Limerick–Waterford. Mainly present N24 road
• T18 = Sligo – near Strabane (Derry). Mainly present N15 road
• T28 = Limerick–Tralee. Mainly present N21 road
• T29 = Cork–Tralee. Mainly present N22 road
• T35 = Dublin–Cavan–Donegal. Mainly present N3 road
• T77 = Dublin–Ballina. Mainly parts of present N5 road & N26 road

Roads in Northern Ireland

The main roads in Northern Ireland, which connect well with those in the south, are classified "M"/"A"/"B" as in Great Britain. Whereas the roads in Great Britain are numbered according to a zonal system, there is no available explanation for the allocation of road numbers in Northern Ireland, though their numbering is separate from the system in England, Scotland and Wales.

Motorways

The most important roads are motorways, designated by the letter "M". The motorway network is focused on Belfast. Legal authority for motorways existed in the Special Roads Act 1963 similar to that in the Special Roads Act 1949 in Great Britain. The first motorway to open was the M1 motorway, though it did so under temporary powers until the Special Roads Act had been passed. Work on the motorways continued until the 1970s when the oil crisis and The Troubles both intervened causing the abandonment of many schemes. The final scheme to open has been the M3.

Link	Route	Notes
M1	Belfast to Dungannon	Via Lisburn and Craigavon, in the direction of Sligo, Enniskillen and Omagh. The motorway forms the main Dublin-Belfast route until Sprucefield.
M2	Belfast to Antrim as well as the Ballymena Bypass	In two sections built at different stages, one linking Belfast to Antrim, and the other bypassing Ballymena. The section in between was planned, but never built. Main route out of Belfast to Derry, Coleraine and Larne.
M3	Lagan Bridge	Linking the M2 in north Belfast to the A2 Sydenham Bypass in the east of the city.
M5	Linking the M2 in north Belfast to Newtownabbey	Forms part of the Belfast-Carrickfergus route.
A8	M2 to Ballyhenry.	A spur from the M2 at Sandyknowles near Glengormley to Corr's Corner Roadabout on the A8 north-west of Newtownabbey. Forms part of the Belfast-Larne route.
M12	M1 to Portadown	A spur from the M1 near Derrymacash to the north of Portadown.
M22	Antrim to Randalstown	Linking the M2 at Antrim to Randalstown. Forms part of the main road between Belfast and Derry.

"A" roads

The next most important roads are designated with the prefix "A" and a one-, two- or three-digit number.

Road	From	To	Notes
A1	Belfast	Dublin	Via Lisburn and Newry. Becoming the N1 at the border, joining on to the Southern Irish M1 before Dundalk.
A2	Derry	Newry	Northern Irish coastal road. Including routes such as Belfast-Bangor, Belfast-Carrickfergus, Newry-Warrenpoint and Derry-Limavady
A3	Lisburn	Cavan	Becomes the N12 at Middletownn until Monaghan, then the N54 to Cavan via southern Fermanagh.
A4	Portadown	Sligo	Via Enniskillen. Becomes the N16 at the border village of Belcoo.
A5	Derry	Dublin	Via Omagh and Strabane. Becomes the N2 after the Aughnacloy at the border.
A6	Derry	Belfast
A7	Belfast	Downpatrick	Stemming from the A24 at Carryduff.
A8	Belfast	Larne	Stemming from the A2 at Glengormley.
A11			Belfast Inner Ring Road
A12	Broadway	York Street	Westlink dual-carriageway in Belfast
A20	Belfast	Portaferry	Via Newtownards
A21	Bangor	Ballynahinch	Via Newtownards and Comber.
A22	Dundonald	Downpatrick	Via Comber.
A23	Belfast	Ballygowan
A24	Belfast	Clogh	Forms the greater part of the route from Belfast to Castlewellan, Newcastle, and Kilkeel.
A25	Downpatrick	Castleblayney	Becomes the R182 at the border.
A26	Banbridge	Coleraine	Via Lurgan, Antrim and Ballymena.
A27	Newry	Portadown
A28	Newry	Augher	Via Armagh
A29	Portrush	Dundalk	Via Maghera, Cookstown, Dungannon, and Armagh. At the border it becomes the R177.
A30	Lisburn	Glenavy
A31	Moneymore	Castledawson	Form part of the route connecting Cookstown to Belfast.
A32	Omagh	Swanlinbar	Becomes the N87 at the border
A34	Maguiresbridge	Clones
A35	Irvinestown	Donegal town	Becomes the R234 in Pettigo at the border.
A36	Ballymena	Larne
A37	Coleraine	Limavady	Part of the Coleraine to Derry route.
A37	Dundalk	Castleblayney	Only a short stretch of this route actually lies within Northern Ireland. The rest of the route being called the N53.
A40	Derry City Centre	St Johnston	Goes southwest along the River Foyle to the border, where it becomes the R236 towards Raphoe
A42	Maghera	Carnlough	Via Ballymena.
A43	Ballymena	Glenarriff
A44	Ballycastle	A26 north of Cloughmills
A45	Granville	Tamnamore	Via Dungannon and Coalisland
A46	Enniskillen	Ballyshannon	Becomes the N3 in Belleek on the border
A47	Kesh	Belleek
A48	Newtownards	Donaghadee
A49	Lisburn	Ballynahinch
A50	Portadown	Newcastle
A51	Gilford	Armagh
A52	Belfast	Crumlin
A54	Castledawson	Coleraine
A55			Belfast Outer Ring Road
A57	Belfast International Airport	Ballynure	Forms part of the main route connecting the airport with Belfast City and Larne.
A76	M1	Lurgan
A101	M1	Sprucefield, near Lisburn
A211			Bridge Street and Newtownards Road in Comber, designated when the A21 Comber Bypass was opened in 2004
A371			Various roads in Limavady town centre, designated when the A37 Limavady Bypass was opened in 2004
A501	Belfast	A30 just east of Glenavy
A505	Omagh	Cookstown
A509	Enniskillen	Dublin	Becomes the N3 road at the border after Derrylin.
A512			Old Golf Course link road in West Belfast and North Lisburn
A514			Derry Ring Road (Crescent Link)
A515			Derry Ring Road (Foyle Bridge and Skeoge Link Road)

"B" roads

Less important roads are indicated with the prefix "B" and a one-, two- or three- digit number.

"C" roads

Minor roads can be indicated with the prefix "C" and a one-, two- or three- digit number, though it is very rare to see these marked on signposts or Ordnance Survey maps

Euro Routes

The following Euro Routes include sections in Ireland:

• E01 - Larne - Belfast - Dublin - Rosslare - A Coruña - Pontevedra - Valença do Minho - Vila Real de Santo António - Huelva - Sevilla
• E16 - Derry - Belfast ... Glasgow - Edinburgh ... Bergen - Arna - Voss ... Lærdal - Tyin - Fagernes - Hønefoss - Sandvika - Oslo
• E18 - Craigavon - Belfast - Larne ... Stranraer - Gretna - Carlisle - Newcastle ... Kristiansand - Arendal - Porsgrunn - Larvik - Sandefjord - Horten - Drammen - Oslo - Askim - Karlstad - Örebro - Västerås - Stockholm/Kapellskär ... Mariehamn ... Turku/Naantali - Helsinki - Kotka - Vaalimaa - Vyborg - Saint Petersburg
• E20 - Shannon - Limerick - Dublin ... Liverpool - Manchester - Leeds - Kingston upon Hull ... Esbjerg - Copenhagen - Malmö - Helsingborg - Halmstad - Gothenburg - Örebro - Stockholm ... Tallinn - Narva - Saint Petersburg
• E30 - Cork - Waterford - Wexford - Rosslare ... Fishguard - Swansea - Cardiff - Newport - Bristol - London - Colchester - Ipswich - Felixstowe ... Hoek van Holland - The Hague - Gouda - Utrecht - Amersfoort - Oldenzaal - Osnabrück - Bad Oeynhausen - Hanover - Braunschweig - Magdeburg - Berlin - Świebodzin - Poznań - Warsaw - Brest - Minsk - Smolensk - Moscow - Ryazan - Penza - Samara - Ufa - Chelyabinsk - Kurgan - Ishim - Omsk
• E201 - Cork - Portlaoise

See also

• Motorways in the Republic of Ireland
• National primary road
• National secondary road
• Regional road
• Local Roads in Ireland
• Atlantic Corridor
• Dublin Port Tunnel
• Jack Lynch Tunnel
• History of Roads in Ireland
• Trunk Roads in Ireland
• National Roads Authority
• Road signs in the Republic of Ireland
• Road speed limits in the Republic of Ireland
• Vehicle registration plates of Ireland
• Northern Irish Vehicle Registration Plates
• Transport in Ireland
• List of Ireland-related topics

References

• S.I. No. 209/1994: Roads Act, 1993 (Declaration of National Roads) Order, 1994 (revoked)
• S.I. No. 49 of 1995 Roads Act, 1993 (Declaration of National Roads) Order, 1995 (revoked)
• S.I. No. 347 of 1996 Roads Act, 1993 (Declaration of National Roads) Order, 1996 (revoked)
• S.I. No. 26 of 2003 Roads Act, 1993 (Classification of National Roads) (Kilcock – Kinnegad Route) Order, 2003 (revoked)
• S.I. No. 249 of 2004 Roads Act, 1993 (Classification of National Roads) (Fermoy, Rathcormac and Watergrass Hill) Order, 2004 (revoked)
• S.I. No. 18 of 2004 Roads Act, 1993 (Classification of National Roads) (Gormanstown to Dundalk Route) Order, 2004 (revoked)
• Roads Act 1993 (Classification of National Roads) Order 2006 (PDF)- Department of Transport

1. UKMA road signs - International experience
2. [1] - Science Magazine
3. [2] - Library Ireland: A Smaller Social History of Ancient Ireland
4. - UCC: CELT
5. [3] - Archaeology
6. [4] - Sunday Business Post
7. [5] - Ireland of the Welcomes
8. [6] - John Godden: the Military Road
9. [7] - OPSI
10. [8] NRA: National Route Lengths as of 31/12/2007
11. NRA source
12. www.nra.ie - Schemes completed in 2005
13. www.independent.ie - Motorists can go 20 km/h faster
14. www.nra.ie - N17 Galway to Tuam
15. www.galway.ie - M17 Galway (Rathmorrissy) to Tuam official website
16. http://www.corkrdo.ie/n20_cork_limerick_motorway_scheme_introduction.php
17. http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZSI209Y1994.html
18. [9] NRA: National Route Lengths 2007
19. [10] Roads Ireland, '€17 billion for roads', issue 4, 48.
20. Roads Act, 1993 - Section 10.1.(c) - Irish Statute Book
21. Policy on the Provision of Tourist and Leisure Signage on National Roads (PDF), page 3 - National Roads Authority

External links

• Roads Service - Northern Ireland
• National Roads Authority (Republic of Ireland)
• A discussion on RTÉ Radio One's science show Quantum Leap about the quality of GPS mapping in Ireland is available here. The discussion starts 8mins 17sec into the show. It was aired on 18 January 2007 Requires Real player.