The Rose Bowl Game is an annual American college football bowl game, usually played on January 1 (New Year's Day) at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California for 95 years. When New Year's Day falls on a Sunday, the game is then played on the following Monday. The Rose Bowl is nicknamed "The Granddaddy of Them All" because it is the oldest bowl game. It was first played in 1902, and continuously since 1916. Since 1945, it has been the highest attended college football bowl game. It is a part of the Tournament of Roses "America's New Year Celebration".

In 2002 and 2006 (2001 and 2005 seasons), the Rose Bowl game was also the BCS National Championship Game. In the current BCS alignment, the Rose Bowl will host the designated Big Ten and Pacific-10 conference representatives unless they are involved in the national championship game. Rose Bowl game representative teams from the Big Ten and Pacific-10 conferences are chosen by the specific rules for each conference. Tiebreaker rules exist when multiple teams tie for the conference championship.

Except in the years when the Rose Bowl served as the BCS National Championship Game, the Rose Bowl Game has continued to be played in the afternoon. (Starting with the 2006 season (2007 game), there has been a separate BCS National Championship Game.) In 2010, the Tournament of Roses will host the Citi BCS National Championship Game in a separate game to be held on January 7 at 5:00 PM (local time). The 96th Rose Bowl Game will be held on January 1, 2010.

History

Originally titled the "Tournament East-West football game," the first Rose Bowl was played on January 1, 1902, starting the tradition of New Year's Day bowl games. The inaugural game featured Fielding Yost's dominating 1901 Michigan team, representing the East, which crushed a previously 3-1-2 team from Stanford University, representing the West, by a score of 49–0 after Stanford quit in the third quarter. Michigan finished the season 11–0 and was considered the national champion. Yost had been Stanford's coach the previous year. The game was so lopsided that for the next 15 years, the Tournament of Roses officials ran chariot races, ostrich races, and other various events instead of football. But, on New Year's Day 1916 football returned to stay as The State College of Washington defeated Brown University in the first annual Rose Bowl.

Tournament Park and Rose Bowl stadium

Before the Rose Bowl Stadium was built for the January 1, 1923 match, games were played in Pasadena's Tournament Park, approximately three miles southeast of the current Rose Bowl stadium near the campus of Caltech. Tournament Park was determined to be unsuitable for the larger and larger crowds gathering to watch the game and a new, permanent home for the game was commissioned.

The Rose Bowl stadium, designed after the Yale Bowl in New Haven, then hosted the first "Rose Bowl" game in 1923. The name of the stadium was alternatively "Tournament of Roses Stadium" or "Tournament of Roses Bowl", until being settled as "Rose Bowl" before the 1923 Rose Bowl game.

The stadium seating has been reconfigured several times since its original construction in 1922. For many years, the Rose Bowl stadium had the largest football stadium capacity in the United States, eventually being surpassed by Michigan Stadium in 1998. The maximum stated seating capacity was 104,594 from 1972 to 1997. Capacity was lowered following the 1998 Rose Bowl. The 2006 Rose Bowl game, which was also the BCS championship game, had a crowd of 93,986; and a crowd of 93,293 saw the 2009 Rose Bowl game. As of 2008, the Rose Bowl is number eight on the List of American football stadiums by capacity with a current official seating capacity of 92,542, and is still the largest stadium that hosts post-season bowl games. The Rose Bowl is also the only BCS bowl game that is held in a non-NFL stadium.

Team selection 1916–1946

In the game’s early years, except during World War I, the Rose Bowl always pitted a team—not necessarily the conference champion—from the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC), the predecessor of the current Pacific-10 Conference, against an opponent from the Eastern U.S. During the last two years of World War I, teams from military bases met in the Rose Bowl. During its history, a number of notable matchups have been made with the top football teams and top coaches of the time. These include the 1925 Rose Bowl, featuring Knute Rockne's Notre Dame team against “Pop” Warner’s Stanford team; the 1926 Rose Bowl, featuring Alabama Crimson Tide’s win over Washington (the first southeastern team to beat a northern team); and the 1940 Rose Bowl, featuring Howard Jones’ USC Trojans against Bob Neyland’s Tennessee Volunteers. During this period, there were ten games matching two undefeated teams.

1942 venue change to Durham, North Carolina

After the United States declared war on Japan on December 8, 1941, as part of the American reaction to the attack on Pearl Harbor, there were concerns about a possible Japanese attack on the West Coast. Much discussion focused on the possibility of an attack where any crowds might gather. The Rose parade with a million watchers, and the Rose Bowl with 90,000 spectators were presumed to be ideal targets for the Japanese. Lieutenant General John L. DeWitt recommended that the Rose Parade and Rose Bowl festivities be canceled. The Rose Bowl committee originally planned to cancel the game. On December 16, 1941, Duke University invited the game and Oregon State to Duke's home stadium in Durham, North Carolina.

Big Nine - PCC agreement

During World War II, many college football schools had dropped some conference opponents and instead played football against local military base teams. Many colleges could not even field teams due to the draft and manpower requirements. After the war was over, demobilization and the G.I. Bill enabled returning servicemen to attend college. The 1946 season was the first true post-war college football season with travel restrictions lifted and civilian college opponents returning to schedules.

The Big Nine and PCC were of the same accord when it came to treating players as amateurs, as compared to the semi-professional status that the Southern Universities proposed. Also, the Big Nine and PCC both had the same attitudes towards desegregation and allowing African-Americans to play football. Many other universities were still segregated. None of the Southeastern Conference schools had an African American athlete until 1966. The Cotton Bowl, Orange Bowl, and Sugar Bowl would not be integrated until 1948, 1955, and 1956 respectively.

The Big Nine agreed, after eight years of negotiating over payments, rules, and ticket allocations to a five-year exclusive deal with the Rose Bowl to send the conference champion to meet the PCC conference champion. UCLA, USC, Minnesota and Illinois all voted against it. Beginning with the 1947 Rose Bowl game, the game's participants were established as the champions of what is now the Big Ten Conference and the PCC.

When the PCC dissolved in 1959 following a pay-for-play scandal, there was no official agreement in force. The Tournament of Roses invited the ex-PCC champion to play the Big Ten champion to the 1960 Rose Bowl. The Big Ten authorized its members to accept any Rose Bowl invitation at their discretion. The Athletic Association of Western Universities signed an agreement with the Rose Bowl that remained in force from the 1961 Rose Bowl onwards. Ohio State exercised this discretion and held the Buckeyes from the 1962 Rose Bowl. The Big Ten later again signed an agreement with the Rose Bowl. The AAWU later became known as the Pacific 8, and eventually the Pacific 10 conference.

Both conferences had a "no repeat" rule in force for a number of years. Under this rule, any team that had appeared in the Rose Bowl game the previous season could not go again, even if they were the conference champion. The Big Ten abolished this rule in 1972.

Both conferences also had exclusive agreements with the Rose Bowl game, so that teams from the Pac-10 and Big Ten could not play in any other bowl games. This rule ended before the 1975 college football season, when Michigan was invited to the 1976 Orange Bowl and USC was invited to the 1975 Liberty Bowl.

Bowl Championship Series

Since 1998, with the creation of the Bowl Championship Series, team selection for the Rose Bowl is now tied to the other three BCS bowls, although in any given year the Rose Bowl still attempts, if possible, to maintain the traditional Pac-10 versus Big Ten format. Twice in this era, the Rose Bowl has served as the BCS championship game.

The 2002 game served as the BCS championship game between the BCS #1 ranked Miami, then a member of the Big East Conference, and the BCS #2 ranked Nebraska of the Big 12 Conference. The Nebraska selection as the BCS #2 team was controversial because Oregon was ranked #2 in both the AP and Coaches Polls, while Nebraska was ranked #4 in both polls and did not play in its conference championship game (#3 Colorado, who played Oregon in that year's Fiesta Bowl, did and won the Big 12's automatic bid to the BCS). This prevented a West Coast team playing in the Rose Bowl for the first time, and it also marked the first match up since 1946 to not feature the traditional pairing of Pac-10 vs. Big Ten teams.

The 2006 Rose Bowl game featured offensive powerhouses Texas, riding a 19-game winning streak, and USC, which entered the game with a 34-game winning streak and 2 Heisman Trophy winners. Texas won 41–38. The game's television viewership was the highest for college football contest since the 1987 Fiesta Bowl between Penn State and Miami.

On two other occasions during the BCS era, Rose Bowl participation has expanded beyond the Big Ten and Pac-10. The 2003 game featured the first appearance by Oklahoma, who was chosen for the game over Big Ten co-champion Iowa (Ohio State, who had shared the conference championship with Iowa, played for the national championship and won). The 2005 game featured Texas of the Big 12 Conference, selected, amid some controversy, over the University of California at Berkeley of the Pac-10, marking the second time a West Coast team did not make the Rose Bowl. The University of California at Berkeley has had the longest drought not appearing in a Rose Bowl since January 1, 1959; not winning the Rose Bowl since January 1, 1938.

The 2004 game is also noteworthy. In this game, USC defeated Michigan, 28–14, thus earning the top ranking in the AP Poll and a share of the national championship with BCS champion LSU (USC, despite being #1 in both the Coaches' and AP polls, did not qualify for the BCS championship game because of their standing in the BCS system).

Beginning with the 2011 Rose Bowl though the 2014 Rose Bowl, the qualifying system for the Rose Bowl will change. The Big Ten and Pac-10 champions are still contractually obligated to play in the game and will unless one of those two teams is to play in the BCS National Championship Game. The first time this happens, should it happen, the other automatic bid must go to one of the champions of the non-BCS conferences, provided that one of those team is able to meet the criteria the BCS has set for these schools. Should one of those teams fail to qualify for the BCS either the Big East champion, a BCS conference at-large team, or Notre Dame would take the bid.

Sponsorship and broadcasting rights

For many years the Rose Bowl eschewed sponsorship, but for the 1999 Rose Bowl, the game became known as The Rose Bowl Game presented by AT&T. Unlike the other bowl games, the sponsor was not added to the title of the game, but instead as a presenter. In 2002 it was branded The Rose Bowl Game presented by PlayStation 2. Since 2003, when the agreement with Sony expired, the game has been presented by Citi.

From 1952 to 1988, the Rose Bowl was televised by NBC in a 1 p.m. PST time slot, the only New Year's bowl airing at that time. The 1962 Rose Bowl was the first college football game broadcast in color. Since 1989, it has been broadcast on ABC, usually at 2 p.m. PST. While FOX has secured the broadcasting rights to the other Bowl Championship Series games, the Rose Bowl, which negotiates its own television contracts independent of the BCS, has agreed to keep the game on ABC. The 2005 Rose Bowl was the first one broadcast in HDTV. After the 2009-10 season, ESPN will have the contract to broadcast the BCS games, including the Rose Bowl game.

The game is also broadcast nationally by ESPN Radio.

Frequent participants

USC has played the most times in the Rose Bowl, with 33 appearances, followed by Michigan (20), Washington (14), and Ohio State (13). Alabama, 4-1-1 in Rose Bowls, has made the most appearances of any team outside the Pac-10 and Big Ten conferences, and even references the game in its fight song.

USC has won the most Rose Bowls (24), followed by Michigan (8), Washington (7), and Ohio State (6). Michigan has lost the most (12), followed by USC (9), UCLA and Ohio State (7 each). Of teams appearing at the Rose Bowl at least 4 times, Michigan St. has the greatest winning percentage (0.75), followed by USC (0.73), Alabama (0.67), and Illinois (0.60).

The most frequent Rose Bowl matchup is USC-Michigan, occurring for the eighth time in 2007, with USC holding a 6–2 advantage. (Including rare meetings outside the Rose Bowl, USC leads this series 6–4.) The next most frequent matchup is USC-Ohio State, occurring for the seventh time in 1985, with USC holding a 4–3 advantage.

From the 1946 season (1947 Rose Bowl), when the Big Ten-Rose Bowl agreement began, through the 1971 season (1972 Rose Bowl), the Big Ten did not allow its teams to appear in the Rose Bowl in consecutive years. There was one exception: Minnesota played in the 1961 Rose Bowl and 1962 Rose Bowl games. (Several unusual circumstances occurred in the 1961 season: the Big Ten-Rose Bowl contract had been allowed to lapse, Big Ten champion Ohio State was invited anyway, and the Ohio State faculty turned down the bid.)

Also of note, during this era Big Ten and Pac-8 teams could play only in the Rose Bowl; this restriction was not lifted until the 1975 season.

Archie Griffin of Ohio State and Brian Cushing of USC are the only players to ever start in four Rose Bowl games. Legendary coach Woody Hayes led Ohio State to the Rose Bowl from 1973–1976, while USC head coach Pete Carroll led the Trojans to the Rose Bowl from 2006-2009.

The only current member of the Pac-10 or the Big Ten never to have appeared in the Rose Bowl is Arizona. Idaho and Montana, who were members of the Pacific Coast Conference from 1922 until 1958 and 1950 respectively, never finished near the top in the PCC football standings.

The Rose Bowl was exclusively a Big Ten-Pac-10 affair for 52 years, from 1946 (1947 Rose Bowl) through 1997 (1998 Rose Bowl). While the Big Ten dominated the game in the late 1940s and 1950s, and the Pac-10 dominated during the 1970s and early 1980s, over the entire 52-year span, each conference won 26 games.

The BCS era now covers the past eleven games, starting with the 1999 Rose Bowl. Since then, of the seven games featuring a Big Ten-Pac-10 matchup, the Pac-10 leads in wins, 5-2, with Wisconsin winning for the Big Ten in the 1999 and 2000 Rose Bowls (Big Ten has not won since). However, the 2007 Rose Bowl and 2008 Rose Bowl, each Big Ten losses to the Pac-10, actually featured the Big Ten runner-up, as conference champion Ohio State was selected to play each of those years in the BCS National Championship Game.

Big Ten and Pac-10 schools Team Appearances Wins Ties Latest Southern California 33 24 2009 Michigan 20 8 2007 Washington 14 7 1 2001 Ohio St. 14 6 2010 Stanford 12 5 1 2000 UCLA 12 5 1999 California 8 2 1 1959 Wisconsin 6 3 2000 Illinois 5 3 2008 Iowa 5 2 1991 Michigan St. 4 3 1988 Washington St. 4 1 2003 Oregon 4 1 1995 Penn State 3 1 2009 Oregon St. 3 1 1965 Minnesota 2 1 1962 Northwestern 2 1 1996 Arizona St. 2 1 1997 Purdue 2 1 2001 Indiana 1 0 1968 Arizona 0 0 n/a

Other Universities* Team Appearances Wins Ties Latest Alabama 6 4 1 1946 Pittsburgh 4 1 1937 Texas 2 2 2006 Duke 2 0 1942 Nebraska 2 0 2002 Tennessee 2 0 1945 Columbia 1 1 1934 Georgia 1 1 1943 Georgia Tech 1 1 1929 Harvard 1 1 1920 Miami (FL) 1 1 2002 Notre Dame 1 1 1925 Oklahoma 1 1 2003 Navy 1 0 1 1924 Brown 1 0 1916 Southern Methodist 1 0 1936 Tulane 1 0 1932 Washington & Jefferson 1 0 1 1922 Pennsylvania 1 0 1917

In 1918 and 1919 the Rose Bowl hosted football games between military institutions.

Game results

Years listed below indicate the January game date; for example, the 2007 game was played following the 2006 football season.
Winners listed first, to left of table.

Italics denote a tie game.

Date Played	Winning Team		Losing Team		Notes
January 1, 1902	Michigan	49		0	notes
January 1, 1916	Washington State	14		0	notes
January 1, 1917	Oregon	14		0	notes
January 1, 1918	Mare Island - USMC	19	Camp Lewis - US Army	7	notes
January 1, 1919	Great Lakes - US Navy	17	Mare Island	0	notes
January 1, 1920		7	Oregon	6	notes
January 1, 1921	California	28	Ohio State	0	notes
January 2, 1922		0		0	notes
January 1, 1923		14	Penn State	3	notes
January 1, 1924		14		14	notes
January 1, 1925		27		10	notes
January 1, 1926	Alabama	20		19	notes
January 1, 1927	Alabama	7		7	notes
January 2, 1928		7		6	notes
January 1, 1929		8		7	notes
January 1, 1930		47		14	notes
January 1, 1931		24		0	notes
January 1, 1932		21		12	notes
January 2, 1933		35		0	notes
January 1, 1934		7		0	notes
January 1, 1935		29		13	notes
January 1, 1936		7		0	notes
January 1, 1937	Pittsburgh	21		0	notes
January 1, 1938	California	13		0	notes
January 2, 1939		7		3	notes
January 1, 1940		14	Tennessee	0	notes
January 1, 1941	Stanford	21	Nebraska	13	notes
January 1, 1942**	Oregon State	20		16	notes
January 1, 1943	Georgia	9		0	notes
January 1, 1944		29		0	notes
January 1, 1945		25		0	notes
January 1, 1946		34		14	notes
January 1, 1947		45		14	notes
January 1, 1948	Michigan	49		0	notes
January 1, 1949	Northwestern	20		14	notes
January 2, 1950	Ohio State	17		14	notes
January 1, 1951	Michigan	14		6	notes
January 1, 1952		40		7	notes
January 1, 1953		7	Wisconsin	0	notes
January 1, 1954		28		20	notes
January 1, 1955	Ohio State	20		7	notes
January 2, 1956		17		14	notes
January 1, 1957	Iowa	35	Oregon State	19	notes
January 1, 1958	Ohio State	10		7	notes
January 1, 1959	Iowa	38		12	notes
January 1, 1960		44		8	notes
January 2, 1961		17	Minnesota	7	notes
January 1, 1962	Minnesota	21		3	notes
January 1, 1963		42		37	notes
January 1, 1964		17		7	notes
January 1, 1965	Michigan	34	Oregon State	7	notes
January 1, 1966		14	Michigan State	12	notes
January 2, 1967	Purdue	14		13	notes
January 1, 1968	Southern California	14	Indiana	3	notes
January 1, 1969	Ohio State	27	Southern California	16	notes
January 1, 1970		10	Michigan	3	notes
January 1, 1971	Stanford	27	Ohio State	17	notes
January 1, 1972		13	Michigan	12	notes
January 1, 1973		42	Ohio State	17	notes
January 1, 1974	Ohio State	42		21	notes
January 1, 1975		18	Ohio State	17	notes
January 1, 1976	UCLA	23	Ohio State	10	notes
January 1, 1977		14	Michigan	6	notes
January 2, 1978	Washington	27	Michigan	20	notes
January 1, 1979	Southern California	17	Michigan	10	notes
January 1, 1980	Southern California	17	Ohio State	16	notes
January 1, 1981	Michigan	23		6	notes
January 1, 1982		28	Iowa	0	notes
January 1, 1983	UCLA	24	Michigan	14	notes
January 2, 1984	UCLA	45		9	notes
January 1, 1985	Southern California	20	Ohio State	17	notes
January 1, 1986	UCLA	45	Iowa	28	notes
January 1, 1987		22	Michigan	15	notes
January 1, 1988	Michigan State	20	Southern California	17	notes
January 2, 1989	Michigan	22	Southern California	14	notes
January 1, 1990	Southern California	17	Michigan	10	notes
January 1, 1991	Washington	46	Iowa	34	notes
January 1, 1992	Washington	34	Michigan	14	notes
January 1, 1993	Michigan	38		31	notes
January 1, 1994		21		16	notes
January 2, 1995	Penn State	38	Oregon	20	notes
January 1, 1996	Southern California	41	Northwestern	32	notes
January 1, 1997	Ohio State	20	Arizona State	17	notes
January 1, 1998	Michigan	21	Washington State	16	notes
January 1, 1999	Wisconsin	38		31	notes
January 1, 2000	Wisconsin	17		9	notes
January 1, 2001	Washington	34	Purdue	24	notes
January 3, 2002*	Miami	37	Nebraska	14	notes
January 1, 2003	Oklahoma	34	Washington State	14	notes
January 1, 2004	Southern California	28	Michigan	14	notes
January 1, 2005	Texas	38	Michigan	37	notes
January 4, 2006*	Texas	41	Southern California	38	notes
January 1, 2007	Southern California	32	Michigan	18	notes
January 1, 2008	Southern California	49	Illinois	17	notes
January 1, 2009	Southern California	38	Penn State	24	notes

* denotes [[BCS National Championship Game]]
** Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the 1942 game was moved to Duke University's Wallace Wade Stadium in Durham, North Carolina, as officials were wary of allowing such a large crowd to congregate anywhere on the West Coast due to World War II security concerns.

Rose Bowl Player of the Game Awards

The most valuable player in the Rose Bowl game is given a crystal trophy that is the Rose Bowl Player of the Game Award. The award was created in 1953 and awarded retroactively for players all the way back to the 1902 Rose Bowl. Occasionally, the award has been shared by two players. Beginning with the 2005 Rose Bowl Game, the Rose Bowl Player of the Game Award has been given to both offensive and defensive players of the game.

Year Played	MVP	Team	Position
1902	Neil Snow	Michigan	FB
1916	Carl Dietz	Washington State	FB
1917	John Beckett	Oregon	T
1918	Hollis Huntington	Mare Island	FB
1919	George Halas	Great Lakes	E
1920	Edward Casey	Harvard	HB
1921	Harold Muller	California	E
1922	Russell Stein	Washington & Jefferson	T
1923	Leo Calland	USC	G
1924	Ira McKee	Navy	QB
1925	Elmer Layden	Notre Dame	FB
	Ernie Nevers	Stanford	FB
1926	Johnny Mack Brown	Alabama	HB
	George "Wildcat" Wilson	Washington	HB
1927	Fred Pickhard	Alabama	T
1928	Clifford Hoffmann	Stanford	FB
1929	Benjamin Lom	California	HB
1930	Russell Saunders	USC	QB
1931	John "Monk" Campbell	Alabama	QB
1932	Erny Pinckert	USC	HB
1933	Homer Griffith	USC	QB
1934	Cliff Montgomery	Columbia	QB
1935	Millard "Dixie" Howell	Alabama	HB
1936	James "Monk" Moscrip	Stanford	E
	Keith Topping	Stanford	E
1937	William Daddio	Pittsburgh	E
1938	Victor Bottari	California	HB
1939	Doyle Nave	USC	QB
	Al Krueger	USC	E
1940	Ambrose Schindler	USC	QB
1941	Peter Kmetovic	Stanford	HB
1942	Donald Durdan	Oregon State	HB
1943	Charles Trippi	Georgia	HB
1944	Norman Verry	USC	G
1945	Jim Hardy	USC	QB
1946	Harry Gilmer	Alabama	HB
1947	Claude "Buddy" Young	Illinois	HB
	Julius Rykovich	Illinois	HB
1948	Bob Chappuis	Michigan	HB
1949	Frank Aschenbrenner	Northwestern	HB
1950	Fred "Curly" Morrison	Ohio State	FB
1951	Don Dufek	Michigan	FB
1952	William Tate	Illinois	HB
1953	Rudy Bukich	USC	QB
1954	Billy Wells	Michigan State	HB
1955	Dave Leggett	Ohio State	QB
1956	Walter Kowalczyk	Michigan State	HB
1957	Kenneth Ploen	Iowa	QB
1958	Jack Crabtree	Oregon	QB
1959	Bob Jeter	Iowa	HB
1960	Bob Schloredt	Washington	QB
	George Fleming	Washington	HB
1961	Bob Schloredt	Washington	QB
1962	Sandy Stephens	Minnesota	QB
1963	Pete Beathard	USC	QB
	Ron Vander Kelen	Wisconsin	QB
1964	Jim Grabowski	Illinois	FB
1965	Mel Anthony	Michigan	FB
1966	Bob Stiles	UCLA	DB
1967	John Charles	Purdue	DB
1968	O.J. Simpson	USC	TB
1969	Rex Kern	Ohio State	QB
1970	Bob Chandler	USC	FL
1971	Jim Plunkett	Stanford	QB
1972	Don Bunce	Stanford	QB
1973	Sam Cunningham	USC	FB
1974	Cornelius Greene	Ohio State	QB
1975	Pat Haden	USC	QB
	John McKay, Jr.	USC	SE
1976	John Sciarra	UCLA	QB
1977	Vince Evans	USC	QB
1978	Warren Moon	Washington	QB
1979	Charles White	USC	TB
	Rick Leach	Michigan	QB
1980	Charles White	USC	TB
1981	Butch Woolfolk	Michigan	RB
1982	Jacque Robinson	Washington	RB
1983	Don Rogers	UCLA	FS
	Tom Ramsey	UCLA	QB
1984	Rick Neuheisel	UCLA	QB
1985	Tim Green	USC	QB
	Jack Del Rio	USC	LB
1986	Eric Ball	UCLA	TB
1987	Jeff Van Raaphorst	Arizona State	QB
1988	Percy Snow	Michigan State	LB
1989	Leroy Hoard	Michigan	FB
1990	Ricky Ervins	USC	TB
1991	Mark Brunell	Washington	QB
1992	Steve Emtman	Washington	DT
	Billy Joe Hobert	Washington	QB
1993	Tyrone Wheatley	Michigan	RB
1994	Brent Moss	Wisconsin	TB
1995	Danny O'Neil	Oregon	QB
	Ki-Jana Carter	Penn State	RB
1996	Keyshawn Johnson	USC	WR
1997	Joe Germaine	Ohio State	QB
1998	Brian Griese	Michigan	QB
1999	Ron Dayne	Wisconsin	RB
2000	Ron Dayne	Wisconsin	RB
2001	Marques Tuiasosopo	Washington	QB
2002	Ken Dorsey	Miami	QB
	Andre Johnson	Miami	WR
2003	Nate Hybl	Oklahoma	QB
2004	Matt Leinart	USC	QB
2005	Vince Young	Texas	QB
	LaMarr Woodley	Michigan	LB
2006	Vince Young	Texas	QB
	Michael Huff	Texas	S
2007	Dwayne Jarrett	USC	WR
	Brian Cushing	USC	OLB
2008	John David Booty	USC	QB
	Rey Maualuga	USC	LB
2009	Mark Sanchez	USC	QB
	Kaluka Maiava	USC	LB

Rose Bowl Hall of Fame

Inductees (by year):

• 1989 - C.W. "Bump" Elliott, Michigan; W.W. "Woody" Hayes, Ohio State; Howard Jones, USC; Jim Plunkett, Stanford
• 1990 - Archie Griffin, Ohio State; Bob Reynolds, Stanford; Neil Snow, Michigan; Wallace Wade, Brown, Alabama, & Duke; Charles White, USC
• 1991 - Rex Kern, Ohio State; John McKay, USC; Ernie Nevers, Stanford; Roy Riegels, California; Bob Schloredt, Washington; John Sciarra, UCLA; Russell Stein, Washington & Jefferson; Charley Trippi, Georgia; Ron Vander Kelen, Wisconsin; George Wilson, Washington
• 1992 - Frank Albert, Stanford; Bob Chappuis, Michigan; Sam Cunningham, USC; Bill Daddio, Pittsburgh; Bob Griese, Purdue; Hollis Huntington, Oregon & Mare Island Marines; Shy Huntington, Oregon; Elmer Layden, Notre Dame; Jim Owens, Washington
• 1993 - Frank Aschenbrenner, Northwestern; Dixie Howell, Alabama; Don Hutson, Alabama; Curly Morrison, Ohio State; Brick Muller, California; Julius Rykovich, Illinois; Bo Schembechler, Michigan; O.J. Simpson, USC; Bob Stiles, UCLA; Buddy Young, Illinois
• 1994 - Vic Bottari, California; Jim Hardy, USC; Don James, Washington; Bob Jeter, Iowa; Lay Leishman, Tournament of Roses; Pat Richter, Wisconsin; Russell Sanders, USC
• 1995 – Gary Beban, UCLA; Dick Butkus, Illinois; Harry Gilmer, Alabama; Pat Haden, USC; Al Krueger, USC; Doyle Nave, USC; Ted Shipkey, Stanford
• 1996 – Eric Ball, UCLA; Pete Beathard, USC; John Ferraro, USC; Stan Hahn, Tournament of Roses; John Ralston, Stanford; Bill Tate, Illinois
• 1997 – Terry Donahue, UCLA; Jim Grabowski, Illinois; Warren Moon, Washington; Erny Pinckert, USC; Ken Ploen, Iowa; Sandy Stephens, Minnesota
• 1998 - Jack Crabtree, Oregon; Don Durdan, Oregon State; John (J.K.) McKay, USC; Rick Neuheisel, UCLA; Bill Nicholas, Tournament of Roses; Butch Woolfolk, Michigan
• 1999 - Al Hoisch, UCLA; Keith Jackson, ABC Sports; Dave Kaiser, Michigan State
• 2000 - Johnny Mack Brown, Alabama; Marv Goux, USC
• 2001 - No inductees
• 2002 - Ambrose "Amblin' Amby" Schindler, USC; Mel Anthony, Michigan
• 2003 - Harriman Cronk, Tournament of Roses; Danny O'Neil, Oregon; John Robinson, USC
• 2004 - Alan Ameche, Wisconsin; Rudy Bukich, USC; Wayne Duke, Big Ten; Jim Stivers, Tournament of Roses
• 2005 - Richard N. Frank, Lawry’s Restaurants (Beef Bowl); Curt Gowdy, Sports Broadcaster
• 2006 - Steve Emtman, Washington; Rube Samuelsen, Sports Journalist; Jeff Van Raaphorst, Arizona State
• 2007 - Pete Johnson, Ohio State; Tom Ramsey, UCLA; Dennis Swanson, Television Executive
• 2008 - Keyshawn Johnson, USC; Virgil "Virg" Lubberden, USC (administrator); Chuck Ortmann, Michigan

Game arrangements

Beginning with the 1947 Rose Bowl, the Pacific Coast representative was the home team, and the Big Nine representative was with visiting team. This arrangement would alternate each year. The stadium seating started with the Big Nine representatives in the end zone, but eventually was set with the Big Ten fans and team on the West (press box) side, and Pacific-10 fans and team on the East side. The home team wears their home jerseys, and the visiting team wears the visiting jerseys. There have been exceptions. UCLA wore their home jerseys in the 1962, 1966, and 1976 Rose Bowl games.

From 1947 through 2001, the Big Ten team was the home team in even-numbered years, and the Pac-10 team was the home team in odd-numbered years. In 2003, Washington State was the home team, as a non-Big 10 or Pac-10 school (Oklahoma of the Big 12) was the opponent; the same applied in 2005, when Michigan played another Big 12 school, Texas.

Beginning with the 2002 Rose Bowl, Nebraska was the home team and fans and team were on the East sideline. Since 2006, the home team has been the team with the highest BCS season ending ranking. For the 2005 Rose Bowl, the Michigan team was on the East sideline, Texas was the visiting team and was on the West sideline. For the 2006 Rose Bowl, USC was the home team and Texas was the visiting team on the West sideline. Traditionallly, the Big Ten (or its BCS replacement) is on the West side (press box) and the Pac-10 team is on the East side.

The institution with the highest BCS ranking performs the national anthem, and performs first at halftime. Except in BCS championship years, the National Anthem is performed by the band. In BCS Championship years, a performer has been invited to sing the Anthem, the last being Le Ann Rimes in 2006. The Rose Bowl does not have other performers during the halftime show besides the school marching bands. As part of the television contract, a portion of each band's halftime performance is shown on television. Each school and each conference are allocated television spots to advertise.

Books

• America's New Year Celebration. The Rose Parade & Rose Bowl Game. Albion Publishing Group, Santa Barbara, CA. 1999
• Samuelsen, Rube - The Rose Bowl Game. Doubleday Company and Inc. 1951
• Edelman, Joe and David Samson - Useless Knowledge. St. Martin's Press, NY, NY. 2002
• Big Ten Conference football media guide (PDF copy available at http://bigten.cstv.com)
• Pacific-Ten Conference football media guide (PDF copy available at http://www.pac-10.org)

See also

• Roy Riegels
• Great Rose Bowl Hoax
• List of college bowl games

References

1. NCAA Division 1 football records book. NCAA, 2007 Edition, pages 296-302 Major Bowl Game Attendance
2. Pacific-10 Conference Rose Bowl Tie breaker
3. Big Ten Conference - Method to Determine Big Ten Conference Automatic Representative to Bowl Championship Series
4. Bowl Games: College Football's Greatest Tradition, by Robert Ours, 2004, pgs. 3-4
5. Huge Flagstaff For Pasadena. Enormous Steel Pole 122 and ½ Feet Long Will Stand in Rose Bowl. Los Angeles Times, December 10, 1922. Monday afternoon at 2 o'clock the new flagstaff of the Tournament of Roses stadium, now called the Rose Bowl, will be put in place with suitable ceremony under auspices of the Pasadena Lions Club, donor of the pole.
6. The Michigan Stadium Story
7. University of Michigan Official Athletics site – Michigan Stadium
8. Tournament of Roses Parade FAQs. In 2006, attendance was 93,986.
9. Historic information on the Rose Bowl
10. "ROSE BOWL GAME CALLED OFF", San Antonio Light, December 14, 1941, pB-1
11. Forbidding Crowds. Los Angeles Times, December 16, 1941
12. Zimmerman, Paul - Duke Likely to Play Beavers in Durham. Blue Devils Invite Foes Rose Bowl, Shrine Grid Games Halted as Other Sports Events in Balance. Los Angeles Times, December 15, 1941.
13. Zimmerman, Paul - Scene of Rose Bowl Shifted to Durham, N.C. Los Angeles Times, December 16, 1941. Perpetuation of the annual Rose Bowl intersectional football, classic was assured yesterday when the Tournament of Roses officials and Oregon State College accepted the hospitality of Duke University.
14. R.I.P. Time Magazine, December 6, 1943
15. Michael Oriard - King Football: Sport and Spectacle in the Golden Age of Radio & Newsreels, Movies & Magazines, The Weekly & The Daily Press. Published 2004 UNC Press. ISBN 0807855456 Chapter 3:Who cares about reform?
16. football, gridiron. (2008). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved January 28, 2008, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: www.britannica.com/eb/article-234274. Football in the United States - The racial transformation of American football. Encyclopædia Britannica
17. Big Ten Football media guide (2007 Edition) page 5
18. ROSE BOWL HISTORY BIG TEN TAMED THE WEST FROM 1947-59. Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Seattle, WA), December 30, 1997
19. Non-BCS teams to get vacated bids
20. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tc6hFmhOxxw
21. RICHARD SANDOMIR - TV SPORTS; A Private Line for the Rose Bowl. New York Times, January 1, 1999
22. Disney makes $125 million BCS bid. Variety, November 12, 2008
23. Reid Cherner & Tom Weir, "Rose Bowl headed to ESPN", USA today, June 12, 2009
24. 2008 Rose Bowl Program, 2008 Rose Bowl. Accessed 26 January 2008.

External links

• Rose Bowl Game official site
• Rose Bowl Hall of Fame
• Rose Bowl Game Timeline