Russian inventions are
concrete objects and technologies invented by citizens of Russia
(both as an
independent state and within the USSR
). For
a list of Russian scientific discoveries, see
Russian discoveries.
Chemistry
Foods and beverages
(From Russian водка, from вода [water] + ка [the diminutive
suffix][1] is a clear liquid consisting mostly of water and ethanol
purified by distillation—often multiple distillation—from a
fermented substance, such as grain (usually rye or wheat), potatoes
or sugar beet molasses. It may also contain an insignificant amount
of other substances such as flavoring or unintended impurities.
The Russian name for any home-made distilled alcoholic beverage is
called samogon (ru: самого́н), literally translated as "distillate
made by oneself". Raw ingredients include sugar, beets, corn, and
potatoes. Samogon of initial distillation is called pervach (ru:
первач), literally translated as "the first one" - it is well known
for its high quality (pure alcohol is lighter, so it evaporates in
the beginning of the process but impurities don't; over time more
and more impurities evaporate, too, thus making the rest of the
batch not that clean). The production of samogon is widespread in
Russia. Its sale is subject to licensing. (Unauthorised sale is
prohibited.) Samogon often has a strong repulsive odor but, due to
cheap and fast production and ability to personalize the flavor of
the drink, it is of relative popularity. However, pervach is famous
for having a little or no smell.
A fictional sort of samogon, called Tabouretovka, is to be made
from wooden stools (tabourets). The recipe of it was sold by Ostap
Bender to American tourists.
Kvass or kvas (borrowed in the 16th century from Russian квас
(kvas)[1]), sometimes translated into English as bread drink, is a
fermented mildly alcoholic beverage made from black rye or rye
bread (which attributes to its light or dark colour).
General science
Military
Technology
Musical instruments
Medicine
In 1855, during the Crimean war, Pirogov was the main surgeon of
the Sevastopol besieged by the English-French armies. Operating
with wounded men, Pirogov for the first time in history world
medicine has applied a plaster casts, having given rise to savings
tactics of treatment of wounds of finitenesses and having relieved
many soldiers and officers of amputation. Also, Pirogov developed a
new osteoplastic method for amputation of the foot, known as the
"Pirogov amputation".
See also
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