Rutgers, The State University of New
Jersey (usually referred to as Rutgers
University), is the largest institution for higher
education in the state of New Jersey
. It was originally chartered as Queen's
College in 1766 and is the eighth-oldest college in the United States
. Rutgers was originally a
private university affiliated with the
Dutch Reformed Church and
admitted only male students, but evolved into and is presently a
nonsectarian,
coeducational public research university that makes no
religious demands of its students. Rutgers is one of only two
colonial colleges that later
became public universities.
(The other is the College of
William and Mary
.)
Rutgers was designated The State University of New Jersey by acts
of the
New Jersey Legislature
in 1945 and 1956.
The three campuses of Rutgers are in (1)
New
Brunswick
and Piscataway
, (2) Newark
and (3) Camden
. The Newark campus
was formerly the University of Newark,
which merged into the Rutgers system in 1946, and the Camden campus
was created in 1950 from the College of South
Jersey. Rutgers is the largest university within New
Jersey's state university system,
and it was ranked 54th in the world academically in a 2008 survey conducted
by the Institute of Higher Education at Shanghai Jiao
Tong University
. The university offers more than 100
distinct
bachelor, 100
master, and 80
doctoral and
professional degree programs across 175
academic departments, 29 degree-granting schools and colleges, 16
of which offer graduate programs of study.
History
Shortly
after the College of
New Jersey
(now Princeton University) was established in 1746,
ministers of the Dutch Reformed
Church, seeking autonomy in ecclesiastical affairs in the
American colonies sought to establish a college to train those who
wanted to become ministers within the
church. Through several years of effort by Rev.
Theodorus Jacobus
Frelinghuysen (1691–1747) and Rev.
Jacob Rutsen Hardenbergh
(1736–1790), later the college's first president,
Queen's
College was chartered on 10 November 1766. Established as
the trustees of Queen's College, in New-Jersey in honor of
King George III's
Queen consort,
Charlotte of
Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1744–1818).
The charter was signed
and the young college was supported by William Franklin (1730–1813), the last
Royal Governor of New
Jersey
and illegitimate son of Benjamin Franklin. The original
charter specified the establishment both of the college, and of an
institution called the Queen's College Grammar School, intended to
be a
preparatory
school affiliated and governed by the college.
This institution,
today the Rutgers Preparatory School
, was a part of the college community until
1959.
The original purpose of Queen's College was to "
educate the
youth in language, liberal, the divinity, and useful arts and
sciences" and for the training of future ministers for the
Dutch Reformed Church The college admitted its first students in
1771—a single sophomore and a handful of first-year students taught
by a lone instructor—and granted its first degree in 1774, to
Matthew Leydt. Despite the religious
nature of the early college, the first classes were held at a
tavern called the
Sign of the Red
Lion. When the Revolutionary War broke out and taverns were
suspected by the British as being hotbeds of rebel activity, the
college abandoned the tavern and held classes in private
homes.
In its early years, due to a lack of funds, Queen's College was
closed for two extended periods.
Early trustees considered merging the
college with the College of New Jersey, in Princeton (the measure
failed by one vote) and later considered relocating to New York City
. In 1808, after raising $12,000, the college
was temporarily reopened and broke ground on a building of its own,
affectionately called "Old
Queens
" designed by architect John McComb, Jr. The college's third
president, the Rev. Ira Condict,
laid the cornerstone on April 27, 1809.
Shortly after, the
New Brunswick Theological
Seminary
, founded in 1784, relocated from Brooklyn,
New York
, to New Brunswick, and shared facilities with
Queen's College (and the Queen's College Grammar
School
, as all three institutions were then overseen by
the Reformed Church in
America). During those formative years, all three
institutions fit into Old Queens. In 1830, the Queen's College
Grammar School moved across the street, and in 1856, the Seminary
relocated to a seven-acre (28,000 m
2) tract less
than one-half mile (800 m) away.
After several years of closure resulting from an economic
depression after the
War of 1812,
Queen's College reopened in 1825 and was renamed
Rutgers
College in honor of
American Revolutionary War hero
Colonel
Henry Rutgers (1745–1830).
According to the Board of Trustees, Colonel Rutgers was honored
because he epitomized Christian values, although it should be noted
the Colonel was a wealthy bachelor known for his philanthropy. A
year after the school was renamed, it received 2 donations from its
namesake: a $200 bell still hanging from the cupola of Old Queen's
and a $5,000 bond which placed the college on sound financial
footing.
Rutgers College became the
land-grant
college of New Jersey in 1864 under the
Morrill Act of 1862,
resulting in the establishment of the Rutgers Scientific School,
featuring departments of
agriculture,
engineering, and
chemistry. The Rutgers Scientific School would
expand over the years to grow into the New Jersey Agricultural
Experiment Station (1880) and divide into the
College of
Engineering (1914) and the
College of Agriculture (1921).
Rutgers created the New Jersey
College for Women
in 1918, and the School of Education in
1924. With the development of graduate education, and the
continued expansion of the institution, the collection of schools
became Rutgers University in 1924. Rutgers College continued as a
liberal arts college within the university. Later,
University
College (1945) was founded to serve part-time, commuting
students and
Livingston College
(1969) was created by the Rutgers Trustees, ensuring that the
interests of ethnically diverse New Jersey students were met.
Rutgers was designated the State University of New Jersey by acts
of the
New Jersey Legislature
in 1945 and 1956.
Shortly after, the University of
Newark (1935) was merged with Rutgers in 1946, as was the
College of South Jersey in 1950, and these two
institutions were transformed into Rutgers University's campuses in
Newark
and Camden
. On September 10, 1970, after much debate,
the Board of Governors voted to admit women into the previously
all-male Rutgers
College
.
Prior to 1982, separate liberal arts faculties existed amongst
various "
residential colleges,"
(Rutgers, Douglass, Livingston, University, and Cook colleges) at
Rutgers-New Brunswick, which posed significant disparaties between
programs at the undergraduate level. In 1982, under president
Edward J. Bloustein, the faculties were
centralized into one college, the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, but
the residential colleges persisted, along with disparate standards
and a confusing network of bureaucracies. Finally in the fall of
2007, the residential colleges and Faculty of Arts and Sciences
were merged into the new
School of Arts
and Sciences with one set of admissions criteria,
curriculum and graduation requirements. Cook College continued,
though changing its name to the School of Environmental and
Biological Sciences and shedding the option to major in liberal
arts. The merger ended the 241 year history of Rutgers College as a
distinct institution, though Rutgers College degrees continue to be
awarded to students who matriculated prior to the merger as they
complete school.
New
Jersey Governor Jon Corzine expressed
interest in reviving a plan to merge Rutgers University with the
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
(NJIT) and the University of
Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), a plan which has
received support from Rutgers University president Richard L. McCormick, but is unpopular with
alumni.
Organization
Campuses

The College Avenue Student Center at
Rutgers New Brunswick campus.
Rutgers
University has three campuses across the state of New Jersey
, with its largest campus located mainly in the City
of New
Brunswick
and Piscataway
Township, and two smaller campuses in the cities of
Newark
and Camden
. These campuses comprise 27 degree-granting
schools and colleges, offering undergraduate, graduate and
professional levels of study.
The university is centrally administered
from New Brunswick, although Chancellors at the Newark
and Camden
campuses
hold significant autonomy for some academic issues. Rutgers Fact Book
The
New Brunswick-Piscataway Campus (or
Rutgers-New Brunswick) is the largest
campus of Rutgers; it is the site of the original Rutgers College.
It is
spread across six municipalities in Middlesex
County, New Jersey
, chiefly in the City of New Brunswick and
Piscataway Township. It is composed of five smaller
campuses, and a few buildings in downtown New Brunswick. The
original and historic
College Avenue campus is adjacent to
downtown New Brunswick, and includes the seat of the University,
Old Queens. On the other side of the city,
Douglass Campus
and
Cook Campus are adjacent and intertwined with each
other, and are often referred to collectively as the
Cook/Douglass Campus. Cook Campus has extensive farms and
woods that reach into North Brunswick and East Brunswick Townships.
Separated
by the Raritan river are Busch Campus
, in Piscataway, and Livingston Campus,
also mainly in Piscataway but including remote sections of land
extending into Edison Township and the Borough of Highland
Park.
As of the Fall 2007, the New Brunswick-Piscataway campuses include
19 undergraduate, graduate and professional schools, including the
School
of Arts and Sciences, the
School
of Communication and Information, the
Edward
J. Bloustein
School of Planning and Public Policy, the
School of
Engineering, the
School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, the
Ernest Mario School of
Pharmacy, the Graduate School, the Graduate School of Applied
and Professional Psychology, the Graduate School of Education, the
School of Management and Labor Relations,
Mason Gross School of the
Arts, the College of Nursing, the
Rutgers Business School and the
School of Social Work. As of 2007, 26,691 undergraduates and 7,701
graduate students (total 34,392) are enrolled at the New
Brunswick-Piscataway campus.
The
Newark Campus (or Rutgers-Newark
), consists of 8 undergraduate, graduate and
professional schools, including: Newark College of Arts and
Sciences, University College, School of Criminal Justice, Graduate
School, College of Nursing, School
of Public Affairs and Administration, Rutgers Business School and Rutgers School of Law -
Newark. As of 2007, 6,503 undergraduates and 3,700
graduate students (total 10,203) are enrolled at the Newark
campus.

Winter at Old Queens, the oldest
building at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, built
between 1808–1825.
Old Queens currently houses much of the Rutgers University
administration.
Camden Campus (or Rutgers-Camden
) consists of five undergraduate, graduate and
professional schools, including: Camden College of Arts and
Sciences, University College, Graduate School, Rutgers School of Business -
Camden and Rutgers
School of Law - Camden. As of 2006, 3,696 undergraduates
and 1,471 graduate students (total 5,165) are enrolled at the
Camden campus.
Rutgers has several off campus sites located at community colleges
throughout the state.
http://ce1766.rutgers.edu.
Governance
Governance at Rutgers University rests with a
Board of
Trustees consisting currently of 59 members and a
Board of
Governors consisting of 11 members: 6 appointed by the
Governor of New Jersey and 5
chosen by the Board of Trustees. The trustees constitute chiefly an
advisory body to the Board of Governors and are the fiduciary
overseers of the property and assets of the University that existed
before the institution became the State University of New Jersey in
1945. The initial reluctance of the trustees (still acting as a
private corporate body) to cede control of certain business affairs
to the state government for direction and oversight caused the
state to establish the Board of Governors in 1956. Today, the Board
of Governors maintains much of the corporate control of the
University.
The members of the Board of Trustees are voted upon by different
constituencies or appointed. "Two faculty and two students are
elected by the University Senate as nonvoting representatives. The
59 voting members are chosen in the following way as mandated by
state law: 28 charter members (of whom at least three shall be
women), 20 alumni members nominated by the Nominating Committee of
the Board of Trustees, and five public members appointed by the
governor of the state with confirmation by the New Jersey State
Senate. The six members of the Board of Governors appointed by the
governor also serve as members of the Board of Trustees. Of the 28
charter seats, three are reserved for students with full voting
rights."
The
president of Rutgers
University, chosen by and answerable to the Trustees and
Governors, sits as an
ex-officio member
of both governing boards. He, as the chief administrator of the
university, is charged with its day-to-day operations. Since 2002,
the president of Rutgers University is
Richard Levis McCormick (born
1947).
Academics
Profile
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey is a leading national
research university and is unique as the only university in the
nation that is a
colonial chartered
college (1766), a
land-grant
institution (1864), and a
state
university (1945/1956). Rutgers is accredited by the
Commission on Higher Education of the
Middle States
Association of Colleges and Schools (1921), and in 1989, became
a member of the
Association of American
Universities, an organization of the 62 leading research
universities in
North America.
Rutgers-New Brunswick is
classified by the
Carnegie
Foundation as "RU/VH," which stands for Research Intensive
University, Very High research activity.
Rutgers-Newark
is classified by the same organiation as "RU/H,"
meaning Research Intensive University, High research activity and
Rutgers-Camden
is given the classification of "Master's M,"
signifying the university's inclusion in the Master's Colleges and
Universities category as a medium-sized institution.
Rutgers
was ranked 38th nationwide and 54th worldwide in the 2008
Academic
Ranking of World Universities by the Institute of Higher
Education at Shanghai Jiao Tong University
. According to the
Washington Monthly's 2006 rankings,
Rutgers ranks 53rd in the United States.
The Top American
Research Universities an annual statistical report by The
Center at the University of Florida
ranks Rutgers 39th. In the 2009
U.S. News & World Report
ranking of American national universities, Rutgers is ranked 64th.
In 2003,
the Wall Street Journal conducted a study of the undergraduate
institutions that most frequently feed students placements at elite
professional and graduate programs, such as Yale
and Harvard
; Rutgers was ranked 20th in the rankings they
compiled for state universities. On a side note, Forbes
ranked Rutgers as being the 20th best public university in the
United States for "getting rich," as judged by its students' median
salaries upon graduation.
Eleven of Rutgers' graduate departments are ranked by the National
Research Council in the top 25 among all universities:
Philosophy (2nd),
Geology
Ranked 9th Nationally based on
NSF funding 9th ,
Geography (13th),
Statistics (17th),
English (17th),
Mathematics (19th),
Art
History (20th),
Physics (20th),
History (20th)
Comparative Literature (22nd),
French (22nd), and
Materials Science Engineering
(25th).
Both
Rutgers School of
Law - Camden and
Rutgers School of Law -
Newark consistently rank among the Top 100 law schools in the
country by U.S. News and World Report.
The
Rutgers Business School
is ranked 39th in the
Wall
Street Journal's Ranking of Top Business Schools.
The
Philosophy Department ranked first in 2002–04 tied with New York
University
and Princeton University, and second in 2004–06
(NYU was first, Princeton 3rd, Oxford 4th) in the Philosophical Gourmet's biennial
report on Philosophy programs in the
English-speaking world.
The Division of Global Affairs (DGA)
[12215] Ph.D. program
at Rutgers University-Newark was ranked fifth in the nation in the
Benchmarking Academic Excellence survey of Top Universities in
Social and Behavioral Sciences Disciplines in the combined category
of International Affairs and Development for 2006-07.
According to U.S. News & World Report, in the top 25 among all
universities: Food Science (2nd),
Library Science (6th),
Drama/
Theater (12th),
Mathematics (16th),
English (18th),
History (19th, with the subspecialty of
African-American History ranked 4th and Women’s History ranked
1st),
Applied Mathematics (21st)
and
Physics (24th). Also in the 2006 U.S.
News & World Report ranking of Computer Science Ph.D. programs,
Rutgers was ranked 29th.
Rutgers is home to the first, and still top-ranked, Women's Studies
Department, and the only department in the United States to grant
PhD's in the interdisciplinary field of Childhood Studies.
Admissions and financial aid
U.S.
News & World
Report considers the New Brunswick-Piscataway campus of
Rutgers University to be a "more selective" school in terms of the
rigour of its admissions processes. 56% of undergraduate applicants
are accepted.
In comparison, 62% of applicants to nearby
Pennsylvania
State University
(for the University Park campus) and 47% of
applicants to the University of Delaware
are accepted. Average scores for the
Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores of
enrolling students at Rutgers range from 530–630 on the critical
reading section, 560–670 for the mathematics section, and 530-640
for the writing section. Admitted applicants to nearby Pennsylvania
State University average scores between from 530–640 on the verbal
section and 570–680 on the math section; the University of
Delaware's student body averages between 550–640 verbal and 560–660
math.
As a
state university, Rutgers charges two separate rates for tuition
and fees depending on whether an enrolled student is a resident of
the State of New Jersey
(in-state) or not (out-of-state). The
Office of Institutional Research and Academic Planning
estimates that costs in-state student of attending Rutgers would
amount to $18,899 for an undergraduate living on-campus and $22,395
for a graduate student. For an out-of-state student, the costs rise
to $26,497 and $27,476 respectively.
Undergraduate students at Rutgers, though a combination of federal
(50%), state (22%), university (22%), and private (6%) scholarship,
loans, and grants, received $291,956,597 of
financial aid in the 2004–2005 academic year.
Of 37,429 undergraduate students at Rutgers, 30,398 (or 81.2%)
receive financial aid. During the same period, 73.2%, or 9,604
graduate students out of a population of 13,124, received
assistance in the total of $121,269,211 in financial aid sourced
chiefly from federal (33%) and university (65%) funds.
Faculty
For the August 2005 to May 2006 academic year. Rutgers University
had 2,261 full-time and part-time academic faculty members. Among
Rutgers notable former professors are
John
Ciardi,
George Hammell Cook,
Michael Curtis,
Ralph Ellison,
Paul
Fussell,
Robert Trivers,
Francis Fergusson,
Ruth Bader Ginsburg,
Mason W. Gross,
Leonid Khachiyan,
David Levering Lewis,
Roy Lichtenstein,
George Segal and
Selman Waksman. During his 20 year tenure at
Rutgers,
David Levering Lewis
(born 1936), a professor in the Department of History was twice
awarded the
Pultizer Prize for Biography
or Autobiography (1994 and 2001) for both volumes of his
biography of
W. E.
B. Du
Bois (1868–1963) and was also the winner of the
Bancroft and
Parkman
prizes.
Five
Nobel
laureates have been affiliated with Rutgers as either
faculty or students (
Milton Friedman,
Toni Morrison,
David
A. Morse,
Heinrich Rohrer and
Selman Waksman).
Many members of the faculty at Rutgers have achieved top honors in
their disciplines, including
Michael
R. Douglas, a prominent
string theorist and the director of
the New High Energy Theory Center and winner of the
Sackler Prize in theoretical physics in 2000.
Jerry Fodor,
Zenon Pylyshyn and
Stephen Stich were awarded the
Jean Nicod Prize in
philosophy and
cognitive science.
Rutgers is also home to Melville scholar
H. Bruce
Franklin, whose academic tenure was revoked by Stanford
University
for actions that were arguably the exercise of his
First
Amendment right to free
speech. Franklin was a visiting professor at
Wesleyan
and Yale
for a few
years, then was offered a tenured post by Rutgers. He now
holds an
endowed chair at
Rutgers.
Furthermore, Rutgers ranks among the top three public AAU
institutions in the overall percentage of women faculty.
Libraries and Museums
The Rutgers University library system consists of 26 libraries and
centers located on the University's three campuses, housing a
collection of over 10.5 million holdings, including 3,522,359
volumes, 4,517,726 microforms, 2,544,126 documents, and
subscriptions to 42,875 periodicals, and ranking among the nation's
top research libraries. The
American Library Association
ranks the Rutgers University Library system as the 44th largest
library in the United States in terms of volumes held.
The
Archibald S.
Alexander Library, in New
Brunswick
, is the oldest and the largest library of the
University. It houses several million volumes focusing on an
extensive
humanities and
social science collection. It mainly supports
the sort of research done in the School of Arts and Sciences, the
Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning & Public Policy, the
Graduate School of Education, the Graduate School of Social Work,
and the School of Communication and Information. Alexander Library
also maintains a large collection of government documents, which
contains United States, New Jersey, foreign, and international
government publications.
The Library of Science and Medicine
on the Busch Campus in Piscataway
houses the University's collection in behavioral, biological, earth, and
pharmaceutical sciences and
engineering. The LSM also serves
as a designated depository library for government publication
regarding science, and owns a U.S. patent collection and patent
search facility. It was officially established as the Library of
Science and Medicine in July 1964 although the beginning of the
development of a library for science started in 1962. The LSM
currently has two administrative structures since it is a joint
library serving both Rutgers and the
University of
Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ). UMDNJ, which was
briefly known as
Rutgers Medical School, separated from
Rutgers in 1970. The current character of the LSM is a university
science library also serving a medical school. On the New
Brunswick-Piscataway campus, in addition to Alexander Library, many
individual disciplines have their own libraries, including alcohol
studies,
art history,
Chemistry,
Mathematical
studies,
Music, and
Physics.
Special Collections and University
Archives houses the Sinclair New Jersey Collection, manuscript
collection, and rare book collection, as well as the University
Archives. Although located in the Alexander
Library building,
Special
Collections and University Archives actually comprises a
distinct unit unto itself. Also located within the Alexander
Library is the
East Asian Library which holds a sizable
collection of Chinese, Japanese and Korean monographs and
periodicals.
In Newark
, the
John Cotton Dana Library, the Institute of Jazz Studies
(located within the Dana Library), and the Robeson Library
in Camden
, serve their
respective campuses with a broad collection of
volumes.
Rutgers
oversees several museums and collections that are open to the
public, including the Jane Voorhees Zimmerli Art Museum,
on the College Avenue Campus in New
Brunswick
, maintains a collection of over 50,000 works of
art, focusing on Russian
and Soviet
art,
French
19th-century
art and American
19th- and 20th-century art with a concentration on
early-20th-century and contemporary prints. The Rutgers
University Geology Museum—in Geology Hall next to the Old
Queens Building—features exhibits on geology
and anthropology, with an emphasis on
the natural history of New
Jersey
. The largest exhibits include a dinosaur trackway
from Towaco, New
Jersey
; a mastodon from Salem
County
; and a Ptolomaic era
Egyptian
mummy. On the Cook
Campus, the
New Jersey
Museum of Agriculture houses an extensive collection of
agricultural, scientific and household tools that spans 350 years
of New Jersey's history. The bulk of the collection rests on the
8,000-item Wabun C. Krueger Collection of Agricultural, Household,
and Scientific Artifacts, and over 30,000 glass negatives and
historic
photographs. Also located on
the Cook Campus is
Rutgers Gardens, which features
50
acres (20
hectares) of horticultural, display, and
botanical gardens, as well as
arboretums.
Research
It was at Rutgers that
Selman Waksman
(1888–1973) discovered several
antibiotics, including
actinomycin,
clavacin,
streptothricin,
grisein,
neomycin,
fradicin,
candicidin,
candidin, and others. Waksman, along with
graduate student
Albert
Schatz (1920–2005), discovered
streptomycin—a versatile antibiotic that was to
be the first applied to cure
tuberculosis. For this discovery, Waksman
received the
Nobel Prize for
Medicine in 1952.
Rutgers continues to be on the frontlines of science and
innovation, and has given birth to discoveries and inventions such
as water-soluble sustained release polymers,
tetraploids, robotic hands,
artificial bovine insemination, and
development of the ceramic tiles for the
heat shield on the
Space Shuttle. In health related
field, Rutgers has the Environmental & Occupational Health
Science Institute (EOHSI).
Rutgers is also home to the RCSB Protein Data bank, 'an information
portal to Biological Macromolecular Structures' cohosted with the
San Diego Supercomputer
Center. This database is the authoritative research tool for
bioinformaticists using protein primary, secondary and tertiary
structures world wide.'
Rutgers is home to the Rutgers Cooperative Research & Extension
office, which is run by the Agricultural and Experiment Station
with the support of local government. The institution provides
research & education to the local farming and agro industrial
community in 19 of the 21 counties of the state and educational
outreach programs offered through the
New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Office of Continuing
Professional Education.
Rutgers University Cell and DNA Repository (RUCDR) plays a key role
in research aimed at understanding the genetic causes of common,
complex diseases.
RUCDR is the largest university based
repository in the world and has received two major awards worth
more than $57.8 million from the National
Institutes of Health
(NIH). One will fund genetic studies of
mental disorders and the other will support investigations into the
causes of digestive, liver and kidney diseases, and diabetes. RUCDR
activities will enable gene discovery leading to diagnoses,
treatments and, eventually, cures for these diseases. RUCDR assists
researchers throughout the world by providing the highest quality
biomaterials, technical consultation, and logistical support.
Rutgers-Camden is home to the nation's PhD granting Department of
Childhood Studies. This department, in conjunction with the Center
for Children and Childhood Studies, also on the Camden campus, is
the site of groundbreaking interdisciplinary research which
combines methodologies and research practices of sociology,
psychology, literature, anthropology and other disciplines into the
study of childhoods internationally.
Student life
Residential life

Rutgers Inter-Campus shuttle bus
Rutgers University offers a variety of housing options.
On the
New
Brunswick
-Piscataway campus, students are given the option of
on-campus housing in both traditional dorms or
apartments. Despite some overcrowding, most students seeking
on-campus housing will be accommodated with a space, yet in
2008/2009 students were placed in a nearby hotel. The hotel
situation is expected to grow into 2009/2010 and students are
encouraged to look off campus. Many Rutgers students opt to rent
apartments or houses off-campus within the city of New Brunswick.
Similar setups are to be found in Rutgers-Newark and
Rutgers-Camden, however a substantial portion of the students on
those campuses commute and are enrolled on a part-time basis.
Rutgers
University's three campuses are in the culturally-diverse,
redeveloping urban areas (Newark
, Camden
, and New Brunswick
) with convenient access to New York City
and Philadelphia
by either automobile,
Amtrak or New
Jersey Transit. US
News & World Report ranked Rutgers-Newark
the most diverse university campus in the United
States. Because the area of Rutgers' New
Brunswick-Piscataway campus—which is composed of several
constituent colleges and professional schools—is sprawled across
six
municipalities, the individual
campuses are connected by an inter-campus
bus
system.
Rutgers University is ranked by numerous websites as a "party
school." Rutgers ranks 30 on collegehumor.com, as well as an
honorable mention by partyschoolnetwork.com. The New Brunswick and
Rutgers police frequently issue noise violations to off campus
students which average between $350–500, but do not usually target
individuals, except when in possession of open containers in
public.
Traditions and symbols
The school song of Rutgers University is
On the Banks of the Old
Raritan, written by Howard Fullerton (Class of 1874) in
1873. It is often sung at University occasions, including concerts
of the
Rutgers University
Glee Club, at Convocation and Commencement exercises, and
especially at the conclusion of athletic events. The university's
fight song is
The Bells Must Ring, which features
the school's spirit chant: "R-U Rah Rah, R-U Rah Rah, Hoo-Rah!
Hoo-Rah Rutgers Rah! Upstream Red Team, Red Team Upstream, Rah Rah
Rutgers Rah!." Notable among a number of songs commonly played and
sung at various events such as
commencement,
convocation, and athletic games are:
The
Bells Must Ring the Rutgers University
fight song.
Scarlet was made the official
school color of Rutgers University in
1900.
Initially, students sought to make orange the school color, citing Rutgers'
Dutch
heritage
and in reference to the Prince of
Orange. The Daily
Targum first proposed that scarlet be adopted in May 1869,
claiming that it was a striking color and because scarlet ribbon
was easily obtained.
During the first intercollegiate football
game with Princeton
on 6 November 1869, the players from Rutgers wore
scarlet-colored turbans and handkerchiefs to distinguish them as a team
from the Princeton players. Although Rutgers incorporates
the colors black and white on their signs, symbols, athletic
uniforms as accent colors, scarlet is the one and only color of the
university. The current mascot is the Scarlet Knight. In its early
days, Rutgers athletes were known as "Queensmen" in reference to
the institution's first name, Queen's College. However, in 1925,
the
mascot was changed to
Chanticleer, a fighting rooster from the
medieval fable
Reynard the Fox (
Le
Roman de Renart) which was used by
Geoffrey Chaucer's in the
Canterbury Tales. However, this mascot
was often the subject of ridicule because of its association with
"being
chicken." In 1955, the mascot was
changed to the Scarlet Knight after a campus-wide election. The
names (and mascots) of the athletic teams at Rutgers-Newark and
Rutgers-Camden are the "Scarlet Raiders" and the "Scarlet Raptors,"
respectively.
Rutgers'
motto, Sol iustitiae et occidentem
illustra (translated as "Sun of righteousness, shine upon the
West also") is derived from the motto of the University of Utrecht in The
Netherlands
, which is
Sol Iustitiae Illustra Nos (translated as "Sun of Justice,
shine upon us"). It is a reference to the
biblical texts of
Malachi 4:2 and
Matthew 13:43. This motto appears in
the University's
seal (
pictured
above), which is also derived from that of the University of
Utrecht, and depicts a multi-pointed
sun.
At
Commencement exercises in the Spring, tradition leads
undergraduates to break clay
pipes over the Class of 1877 Cannon monument in front
of Old
Queens
, symbolizing the breaking of ties with the college,
and leaving behind the good times of one's undergraduate
years. This
symbolic gesture dates
back to when pipe-smoking was fashionable among undergraduates, and
many college memories were of evenings of pipe smoking and revelry
with friends.
During commencement exercises, graduating
seniors walk in academic
procession under the Class of 1902 Memorial Gateway
(erected in 1904) on Hamilton Street leading to the Voorhees Mall
where the ceremonies are held for Rutgers
College. Traditionally, students are warned to avoid walking
beneath the gate before commencement over a
superstition that one who does will not
graduate.
Coat of Arms
The shield of the Rutgers coat of arms appears on the university
gonfalon, and is at the head of all processions. The first quarter
bears the arms of Nassau, the
House of
Orange, and recognizes the Dutch founders. The arms in the
upper sinister quarter are those of
George
III combined with Queen Charlotte’s. It was George III who
granted the Charter of 1766 to Queen’s College, named in honor of
Charlotte of Mecklenburg,
King George’s consort. The arms shown on the sinister half are
Queen Charlotte’s. The third quarter from the Seal of the State of
New Jersey. The fourth quarter is the coat of arms of Colonel
Henry Rutgers.
Seal
The University Seal based on that of the
University of Utrecht in the
Netherlands whose motto around a sun is “ Sol iustitiae nos
illustra”:“Sun of righteousness, shine upon us”. Rutgers modified
the Utrecht seal to read “Sol iustitiae et occidentem illustra”;
embracing the Western world, meaning “Sun of righteousness, shine
upon the West also.” The boards of governors and trustees approved
a revised seal for the University 1997 that includes the words
“Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey” and adds the 1766
founding date.
Student organizations and activities
Rutgers University has a student government which controls funding
to student groups. The student government is made up of campus
councils and professional school councils. Those councils then send
representatives to the student assembly as well as the university
senate. An example of these campus councils is the College Avenue
Council, which represents students on the College Avenue
Campus.
Rutgers hosts over 700
student
organizations, covering a wide range of interests.
Among the first
student groups was the first college
newspaper in the United States of America
. The Political Intelligencer and New
Jersey Adviser began publication at Queen's College in 1783,
and ceased operation in 1785. Continuing this tradition is the
university's current college newspaper,
The Daily Targum, established in 1869,
which is the second-oldest college newspaper currently published in
the United States, after
The
Dartmouth (1843). Both poet
Joyce
Kilmer and economist
Milton
Friedman served as editors. Also included are
The Medium, Rutgers Entertainment
Weekly,
Rutgers
Centurion, a conservative newspaper, the
Rutgers University Glee
Club, a male
choral singing group
established in 1872 (among the oldest in the country), as well as
the
Rutgers University Debate Union. Governed by the
Student Activities Council, and funded by student fees
disbursed through
student
government associations, students can organize groups for
practically any political ideology or issue, ethnic or religious
affiliation, academic subject, activity, or hobby.
Rutgers University is home to chapters of many Greek organizations,
and a significant percentage of the undergraduate student body is
active in Greek life.
Several fraternities and sororities
maintain houses for their chapters in the area of Union Street
(known familiarly as "Frat Row") in New
Brunswick
, within blocks of Rutgers' College Avenue
Campus. Chapters of
Zeta Psi and
Delta Phi organized at Rutgers as early as
1845. There are over 50 fraternities and sororities on the New
Brunswick-Piscataway campus, ranging from traditional to
historically
African-American,
Hispanic,
Multicultural, and
Asian interest organizations. The New Brunswick
campus of Rutgers University has a chapter of the only active co-ed
Pre-medical Fraternity,
Phi Delta
Epsilon, as of 2008. Greek organizations are governed by the
Office of Fraternity and Sorority Affairs. Twelve
organizations maintain chapters in New Brunswick without sanction
by the University's administration.
In the late 1800s, the University banned fraternities because of
their unusual hazing practices. This caused them to go underground
as secret societies. It also sparked the interest of some students
to create their own societies.
Cap and
Skull was founded at Rutgers before the turn of the
century.
Alumni
Since 1774, when the entire graduating class consisted of one
student,
Matthew Leydt, there have
been over 335,000 graduates, or
alumni, of
Rutgers University. Many alumni remain active through
alumni associations—including the Rutgers
Alumni Association founded in 1831—annual Reunions and Homecomings,
and other events. Rutgers alumni are often known as "Loyal Sons", a
term of affection dating from the days when Rutgers offered
admission only to men. This term, since the dawn of coeducation has
been extended to include Rutgers' "Loyal Daughters."
One of Rutgers' most famous alums was
Paul
Robeson. Robeson, an African American, won an academic
scholarship to Rutgers College. When he went out for the football
team, other players beat him up and pulled out his fingernails. He
bore the abuse to prove his worth and when he graduated he was a
two-time All-American and the school valedictorian, exhorting his
classmates to "catch a new vision." Robeson was the third
African-American student accepted at Rutgers, and was the only
Black student during his time on campus. Robeson was one of three
classmates at Rutgers accepted into Phi Beta Kappa. He was
valedictorian of his graduating class and one of four students
selected in 1919 to Cap and Skull, Rutgers' honor society. A noted
athlete, Robeson earned fifteen varsity letters in football,
baseball, basketball, and track and field. For his accomplishments
as an end in football, he was twice named a first-team All-American
in (1917 and 1918). Football coach Walter Camp described him as
"the greatest to ever trot the gridiron."
Rutgers has graduated three Nobel Laureates, including
Selman A. Waksman (A.B. 1915) in Medicine,
Milton Friedman (A.B. 1932) in Economics,
and
David A. Morse (A.B. 1929), Director-General of the
International Labour
Organization, who won the Peace Prize in 1969. Several alumni
have been awarded the
Pulitzer Prize,
including
Michael Shaara (A.B. 1951),
author of
The Killer
Angels and other
historical
fiction, in
Fiction
(1975), journalist
Richard Aregood
(B.A. 1965) in
editorial writing
(1985), and
Roy Franklin
Nichols (A.B. 1918) in
history (1949).
Alumni of Rutgers have had a considerable impact in the arts,
including those by two noted modern sculptors,
George Segal (M.A. 1963) and
Alice Aycock (B.A. 1968).
Many notable
buildings in Boston
(the
Copley Plaza
Hotel
), and New York City
including the The Dakota
, Plaza
Hotel
, the Waldorf
and Astoria
Hotels (demolished in 1929 to make way for the
Empire State
Building
) as well as several of the oldest buildings on the
Rutgers University campus in New Brunswick, were designed by
architect Henry Janeway
Hardenburgh (A.B. 1871). Poet
Joyce Kilmer (Class of 1908), attended Rutgers
for two years before transferring to
Columbia University, was famous for his
poem "Trees" and later died in
World War
I, and
Robert Pinsky (B.A. 1962),
was appointed
Poet
Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in
1997. Filmmaker and critic
Wheeler
Winston Dixon (Ph.D.
1982) has written more than twenty five
books on film history, theory and criticism, and his collected
films are housed at The Museum of Modern Art
in New York City.
Many Rutgers graduates have gone on to careers in public service,
including former
U.S.
Secretary of State and
Senator Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (A.B. 1836), former
U.S. Secretary of Energy Hazel O'Leary (J.D.
19??), former
FBI
director Louis Freeh
(B.A. 1971),
Vice President of the United
States Garret A. Hobart (A.B. 1863), and former
Representative and Senator
Clifford
P. Case (A.B. 1925). Among the
first students enrolled at Rutgers (when it was
Queen's
College),
Simeon DeWitt (A.B.
1776) became the Surveyor-General for the Continental Army
(1776–1783) during the
American Revolution and classmate
James Schureman (A.B. 1775), served
in the
Continental Congress and
as a United States Senator. Seven Rutgers graduates have served as
Governor of New Jersey:
Charles C. Stratton (A.B. 1814),
William A. Newell (A.B. 1836; A.M. 1839),
George C. Ludlow (A.B. 1850, A.M. 1850),
Foster M. Voorhees (A.B. 1876, A.M. 1879),
A. Harry Moore
(J.D. 1922),
Richard Hughes (J.D.
1931), and
James J. Florio (J.D. 1967). Alumnus
Joseph P. Bradley (A.B.
1836) was an
Associate Justice of the Supreme
Court of the United States
(1870–1891) and cast the tie-breaking vote on the
bipartisan commission that decided the contested American presidential election
in 1876.
Alumni have founded or headed businesses, including Robert
Kriendler (A.B.
1936), owner of the 21 Club
in New York City, Leonor
F. Loree (A.B. 1877),
President of the Pennsylvania Railroad,
Bernard Marcus (B.S. 1951), Founder of the
Home Depot, Ernest Mario (B.S. 1961),
former Chief Executive Officer of
GlaxoSmithKline,
Duncan McMillan (B.S. 1966), co-founder of
Bloomberg L.P., and
Barry Schuler (B.A. 1976), former Chairman and
CEO of
AmericaOnline . Marc Milecofsky, aka
Marc Ecko, founded the clothing brand
Eckō in 1993 and launched a special,
limited edition collection that specifically pays homage to the
Scarlet Knights, Mary Baglivo (B.A. 1979), Chairman and CEO of the
Americas, Saatchi & Saatchi
Graduates of Rutgers have gone on to make advances in medicine,
mathematics and science, most notably Nobel Laureate
Selman A. Waksman (B.Sc. 1915), but also including
Peter C. Schultz (B.S. 1967), co-inventor of
fiber optics, geneticist
Stanley N. Cohen (B.Sc. 1956) who pioneered in the
field of
gene splicing,
Louis Gluck (B.S. 1930) the "father of
neonatology," computer pioneer
Nathan M. Newmark (B.S. 1948) who won the
National Medal of Science, and
Matthew Golombek (B.S. 1976) who was the project scientist in
charge of NASA's Pathfinder mission to
Mars.
Rutgers alumni have entertained Americans on the silver screen as
well as the small screen, including most notably
James Gandolfini (B.A. 1983), known for his
role on
The Sopranos, and
Oswald "Ozzie" Nelson (B.A. 1927),
fondly remembered for
The Adventures of Ozzie and
Harriet. Film star
Asia
Carrera (B.A. 1996) became the most famous adult actress of her
generation. The Food Network has rocketed Chef and Restaurateur
Mario Batali (B.A. 1982) into America's
homes. Other notable thespian alumni include
Avery Brooks (B.A. 1973) (
Star Trek: Deep Space Nine),
Alan Semok (B.A. 1975) (
Shining
Time Station,
K.I.D.S.-TV),
Kristin Davis (B.F.A. 1987), (
Sex and the City), and
Calista Flockhart (B.F.A. 1988)
(
The Birdcage,
Ally McBeal).
In athletics, graduates of Rutgers have won Olympic gold medals,
been inducted into sports halls of fame, and led numerous teams as
general managers and coaches including
Major League Baseball manager
Jeff Torborg (B.A. 1963),
Eddie Jordan (B.A. 1977), coach of
the
Washington Wizards,
Sonny Werblin (A.B. 1932), founder of the
New York Jets, and
David Stern (B.A. 1963), Commissioner of the
National Basketball
Association. Recently, more Rutgers football players have made
an impact in the National Football League, with running back
Ray Rice (
Baltimore Ravens) becoming the first
Scarlet Knight to enter the NFL Draft early. Other notable players
include
Brian Leonard (
St. Louis Rams),
Shaun O'Hara (
New
York Giants),
L.J. Smith (
Philadelphia Eagles),
Clark Harris (
Houston
Texans),
Nate Jones (
Miami Dolphins),
Eric
Foster (
Indianapolis Colts),
Jeremy Zuttah (
Tampa Bay Buccaneers), and
Pedro Sosa (
Miami
Dolphins).
Yasser Latif Hamdani, Pakistani
writer, lawyer, and constitutional scholar is also a Rutgers
alumnus.
Quincy Magoo (
degree and class
unknown), a lovable cartoon character from the 1950s and
1960s, was among the proudest of Rutgers' "Loyal Sons."
Sport
(Note: The Rutgers-Camden
athletic teams are called the Scarlet Raptors.
The
Rutgers-Newark
athletic teams are called the Scarlet Raiders.
The Scarlet
Raiders and the Scarlet Raptors both compete within NCAA Division III.)
Rutgers
was among the first American institutions to engage in
intercollegiate athletics, and participated in a small circle of
schools that included Yale University
, Columbia
University and long-time rival, Princeton University
(then called The College of New
Jersey). The four schools met at the Fifth Avenue
Hotel in Manhattan
on 19 October 1873 to establish a set of rules
governing their intercollegiate competition, and particularly to
codify the new game of football. Though invited,
Harvard
chose not to attend. In the early years of
intercollegiate athletics, the circle of schools that participated
in these athletic events were located solely in the American
Northeast. However, by the turn of the century, colleges and
universities across the United States began to participate.
In 1864, rowing became the first organized sport at Rutgers. Six
mile races were held on the Raritan River among six-oared boats. In
1870, Rutgers held its first intercollegiate competition, against
the Lawrence Scientific School of Harvard, the then top-ranked
amateur crew of the time. Since the start in 1864, Rutgers has
built a strong crew program consisting of heavyweight and
lightweight men. Women’s crew was added to the program in 1974.
Men's crew was recently discontinued as a varsity sport at Rutgers,
though it continues as a strong club program.
The first intercollegiate athletic event at Rutgers was a baseball
game on 2 May 1866 against Princeton in which they suffered a 40-2
loss.
Rutgers University is often referred to as
The Birthplace of College Football as the first intercollegiate football game
was held on College Field between Rutgers and Princeton on 6
November 1869 in New Brunswick, New Jersey
on a plot of ground where the present-day College
Avenue Gymnasium
now stands. Rutgers won the game, with a
score of 6 runs to Princeton's 4. According to
Parke H. Davis,
the 1869 Rutgers football team shared the national title with
Princeton. (This game is believed to have been closer to soccer
than to modern American football.)

The Rutgers College football team in
1882.
Since 1866, Rutgers remained unaffiliated with any formal athletic
conference and was classified as "independent". From 1946 to 1951,
the university was a member of the
Middle Three Conference, and from
1958 to 1961, was a member of the
Middle Atlantic Conference. In
1978, Rutgers became a member of the
Atlantic 10 conference. In 1991, it joined the
Big East Conference for
football. All sports programs at Rutgers subsequently became
affiliated with the Big East in 1995.
The first
intercollegiate competition in Ultimate
Frisbee (now called simply "Ultimate") was held between
students from Rutgers and Princeton
on November 6, 1972 to mark the one hundred third
anniversary of the first intercollegiate football game.
Rutgers won 29–27.
The
Rutgers Men's Basketball Team was among the "Final Four" and ended
the 1976 season ranked fourth in the United States, after an 86–70
loss against the University of Michigan
in the semifinals, and a 106–92 loss against
UCLA
in the consolation round of the 1976 NCAA Men's
Division I Basketball Tournament.

Rutgers Scarlet Knights fullback
No.
23 Brian Leonard (class of 2007), conducts the band as it
plays the school song, 'On the Banks of the Old Raritan' after his
last home game against Syracuse University on November 25,
2006.
1991, Rutgers is a member of the
Big
East Conference, a collegiate athletic conference consisting of
16 colleges and universities from the East Coast and
Midwestern regions of the United
States. The Big East Conference is a member of the
Bowl Championship Series. Rutgers
currently fields 27 intercollegiate sports programs and is a
Division I school as sanctioned by the
National
Collegiate Athletic Association. Rutgers fields thirty teams in
NCAA Division I sanctioned sports, including
Football,
Baseball,
Basketball,
Crew,
Cross
Country,
Fencing,
Field Hockey,
Golf,
Gymnastics,
Lacrosse,
Soccer,
Softball,
Tennis,
Track and Field,
Swimming and
Diving,
Wrestling,
Volleyball.
Since joining the Big East, the Scarlet Knights have won five Big
East Conference tournament titles: men's
soccer (1997), men's
track & field (2005),
baseball (2000, 2007),
women's basketball (2007). Several other
teams have won regular season titles but failed to win the
conference's championship tournament.
Most
recently, the Rutgers Scarlet Knights' football team has achieved
success on the gridiron after several years of losing seasons,
being invited to the Insight Bowl on 27
December 2005 in which they lost 45 to 40 against Arizona
State University
. This was Rutgers' first bowl appearance
since the 16 December 1978 loss against Arizona State, 34–18, at
the
Garden State Bowl.
The 2006 football season also saw Rutgers being ranked within the
Top 25 teams in major college football polls.
After the 9 November
2006 victory over the #3 ranked, undefeated Louisville
Cardinals
, Rutgers jumped up to seventh in the AP Poll, eighth in the USA Today/Coaches poll, seventh in
the Harris
Interactive Poll, and sixth in the Bowl Championship Series
rankings. These were Rutgers' highest rankings in the
football polls since they were ranked fifteenth in 1961.
Rutgers
ended the season 11–2 after winning the inaugural Texas Bowl on 28 December 2006, defeating the
Wildcats of Kansas State
University
by a score of 37–10 and finishing the season ranked
twelfth in the final Associated
Press poll of sportswriters, the team's highest season-ending
ranking.
Under Head Coach
C. Vivian Stringer, the Women's Basketball
program is among the elite programs in the country as they remain
consistently ranked in the Top 25, consistently making the NCAA
Women's Championship Tournament, and sometimes winning the Big East
regular season championship. In 2006-2007, Rutgers won their first
ever Big East Conference Tournament Championship. The program has
been highly competitive since its inception, winning the 1982 AIAW
National Championship, reaching the 2000 Final Four, and reaching
the Final Four and national championship game in 2007.
Rutgers maintains athletic rivalries with other collegiate
institutions.
The university has historic rivalries with
Princeton
University
, Columbia
University (formerly King's College), Lafayette
College
, Lehigh University
and New York University
originating from the early days of college
football. While they maintain this rivalry in other sports,
neither of them have met in football since 1980.
Rutgers has a
basketball rivalry with Seton Hall University
, and has developed a growing three-way rivalry with
the University
of Connecticut
and Syracuse University
, both fellow Big East Conference
members.
In the fall of 2007, six Rutgers New Brunswick/Piscataway's NCAA
Division I sports were discontinued by the University, including
men's swimming and diving, men's heavyweight and lightweight crew,
men's tennis, and men's and women's fencing. Some continued as club
teams, while some were disbanded completely. The University claims
this change was due to budget cuts, while others claim it was a
politically motivated move designed to protest state's funding
changes.
World Records
On April 10, 2008, students at Rutgers University broke the
Guinness World Record for the
"Largest Gathering of People Dressed as Ninja Turtles."
786
members of the University community gathered at the recreation
center in Piscataway,
NJ
to accomplish this feat.
On Thursday, April 2, 2009 1,052 students, alumni, and members of
the community at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey,
USA, captured the
Guinness World
Record for the "Largest Gathering of People Dressed as Waldo."
The event raised money for New Brunswick public schools.
Points of interest
See also
References
Notes and citations
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Weissig, I.N. Shindyalov, P.E. Bourne: The Protein Data Bank.
Nucleic Acids Research, 28 pp. 235–242 (2000).
- Note: Of the nine colonial colleges, seven (Harvard, Yale,
Pennsylvania, Princeton, Columbia, Brown and Dartmouth) remained
private, and of the two remaining, William and Mary was taken over
by the Commonwealth of Virginia and reincorporated as a public
institution in 1888, and Rutgers became the State University of New
Jersey by acts of the state legislature in 1945 (Public Law 1945,
chapter 49, page 115) and 1956 (Public Law, chapter 61) now
enshrined as New Jersey Statute 18A:65-1 et seq.
- Top 500 World Universities (2008) Institute of Higher
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2009.
- Getting to Know Rutgers from the Office of
Undergraduate Admissions website, published by Rutgers, The State
University of New Jersey (no further authorship information
available), accessed 25 January 2007.
- And then there was Rutgers... in The Daily
Targum 8 November 2002, accessed 12 August 2006.
- A Historical Sketch of Rutgers University by
Thomas J. Frusciano, University Archivist, accessed 12 August
2006.
- A Charter for Queen's College in New Jersey (1770) in
Special Collections and University Archives, Archibald S. Alexander
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- Rutgers College and the American Revolution, accessed
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accessed 15 August 2006.
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accessed 15 August 2006.
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colonial
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only Rutgers was named a land-grant college.
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http://www.carnegiefoundation.org/classifications/sub.asp?key=748&subkey=15169&start=782
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August 2006.
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November 2006.
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2006.
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2006.
- [1]Accessed 1 January 2009.
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and World Report, accessed 18 November 2008.
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22 October 2006.
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August 2006.
- Archibald S. Alexander Library Collection
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2007
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2006.
- King James Bible, Book of Malachi, Chapter 4
verse 2: "But unto you that fear my name shall the Sun of
righteousness arise with healing in his wings; and ye shall go
forth, and grow up as calves of the stall." and King James Bible, Gospel According to St. Matthew, Chapter
13, verse 43: "Then shall the righteous shine forth as the sun
in the kingdom of their Father. Who hath ears to hear, let him
hear."
- Presidential Inauguration: Inauguration Pageantry and
Color accessed 9 September 2006.
- Office of
Fraternity and Sorority Affairs at Rutgers University, accessed
9 September 2006.
- Office of Fraternity and Sorority Affairs at
Rutgers University, accessed 9 October 2008.
- Registered Fraternities and Sororities Office of
Fraternity and Sorority Affairs, Rutgers University, accessed 9
September 2006.
- at Alumni News & Events: Rutgers Hall of Distinguished
Alumni, published by Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
(no further authorship information available). Accessed 25 January
2007.
- Limited Editions - Rutgers - Marc Ecko
Enterprises
- Designer Marc Ecko’s Rutgers clothing line pays
tribute to his roots — Rutgers FOCUS
- A History of American Football until 1889
accessed 10 September 2006.
- Rutgers Through the Years Timeline at Rutgers
University, accessed 12 August 2006.
- NFL History at the National Football League
website, accessed 10 September 2006.
- College Football Past National Championships at
the National Collegiate Athletic Association website, accessed 29
December 2006.
- NFL History by Decade
- Rutgers football history database at
NationalChamps.net, accessed 3 January 2007.
- Rutgers at BigEast.org Official Site of the Big
East Conference. Published by the Big East Conference (no further
authorship information available). Accessed 12 January 2007.
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accessed 4 August 2006.
- 1976 NCAA Division I Basketball Tournament at
shrpsports.com, accessed 29 December 2006.
- Rutgers Athletics, accessed September 24, 2006
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Big East Athletic Conference, accessed 8 August 2006.
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24, 2006
- Rutgers ends up No. 12 in final AP poll: Ranking is
highest finish in program history , Courier-News, January
9, 2007
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the Big East, a new coach looks to revitilize Rutgers-Seton
Hall" by Brian Johnson in The Daily Targum (26 January
2007). Accessed 28 January 2007.
- Shell shock: RU breaks record - NJ.com
Books and printed materials
- Demarest, William Henry Steele. History of Rutgers College:
1776–1924. (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers College, 1924). (No
ISBN)
- History of Rutgers College: or an account of the union of
Rutgers College, and the Theological Seminary of the General Synod
of the Reformed Dutch Church. Prepared and published at
the request of several trustees of the College, by a trustee.
(New York: Anderson & Smith, 1833). (No ISBN)
- Lukac, George J. (ed.), Aloud to Alma Mater. (New
Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1966), 70–73. (No
ISBN)
- McCormick, Richard P. Rutgers: a Bicentennial History.
(New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1966). ISBN
0-8135-0521-6
- Schmidt, George P. Princeton and Rutgers: The Two Colonial
Colleges of New Jersey. (Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand, 1964).
(No ISBN)
External links