- See also: Santa Cruz de
Tenerife
, Santa
Cruz
Santa Cruz de Tenerife
(commonly known as Santa Cruz) is the capital (jointly with Las
Palmas
), second-most populous city of the Autonomous Community of the
Canary
Islands
and the 21st largest city in
Spain
, with a population of 221,956 in 2008. It
is, depending on sources, the
13th, 14th, or
16th-most populous metropolitan area in Spain, with the
population 404,913, 481,592 or 581,947. Santa Cruz is the second
largest city and metropolitan area of the
European Union outside
Europe. The cities of Santa Cruz and
San Cristóbal de La Laguna
and urban are physically linked, so that together have a population
of over 382,331 inhabitants. What makes them the largest urban area
in the Canary Islands (independent of municipal lines) of the
European Union outside Europe.
Dos ciudades, una Isla y un millón de
opcioneshttp://www.webtenerife.com/PortalTenerife/Home/Disfruta+sin+perderte+nada/Informacion+practica/Antes+de+viajar/Zonas+turisticas/SANTA+CRUZ-LA+LAGUNA.htm
Santa Cruz-La Laguna
Santa Cruz de Tenerife is also the capital of
the island of Tenerife
(most populated of archipelago and Spain) and capital of the
province of Santa Cruz de
Tenerife
. Located in northeast of the Spanish island of
Tenerife, about off the northwestern coast of the Africa within the
Atlantic
Ocean
. Between
1833 and
1927 Santa Cruz de Tenerife was the sole
capital of the Canary Islands, until in 1927 a decree ordered that
the capital of the Canary Islands is shared, it remains as at
present. Therefore during this time was the
cultural,
political and
economic Canary Islands, these powers now
shared with Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.
Santa Cruz is the
busiest port in the Canary Islands and second Spain (after Algeciras
), so it is a major Atlantic port cities and has the
largest cruise port in Spain and the like. The port is of
great importance, is the communications hub between
Europe,
Africa and
Americas, and she and cruise ships arriving from
all nationalities. The city is the nerve center on domestic and
inter-communications in Canary Islands.
San Juan Baptist Castle (aka "Castillo
Negro").
_.jpg/215px-Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a_(Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife)_.jpg)
Ruins of the Castle of San Cristóbal,
underground of the Plaza de España.
The city
is home to the Parliament of the Canary Islands, the Canarian
Ministry of Presidency (shared in a four-year term with Las Palmas de
Gran Canaria), one half of the ministries and boards of the
Canarian Government, (the other half being located in Gran Canaria
), the Tenerife Provincial Courts and two courts of
the Superior Court of Justice of the Canary Islands. There
are several facilities of the
La
Laguna University in Santa Cruz, including the Fine Arts School
and the Naval Sciences Faculty. Its harbour is one of Spain's
busiest; it comprises three sectors. It is important for commercial
and passenger traffic, as well as for being a major stopover for
cruisers en route from Europe to the Caribbean. Actually has the
largest port in the Canary Islands and throughout Spain in the
second operation. Also has one of the world's largest
carnivals. The
Carnival of Santa Cruz de
Tenerife now aspires to become a
World Heritage Site, and is the
most important of Spain.
The main landmarks of the city include the
Auditorio de Tenerife (Auditorium of
Tenerife), the Santa Cruz Towers (
Torres de Santa Cruz) and Church
Counterfoil of the Concepcion.
Santa Cruz de Tenerife hosts the first
headquarters of the Center UNESCO
in the
Canaries. The city is a melting pot of diverse cultures that
give it a cosmopolitan character.
The largest distinct communities have
immigrants from: Peru
, Bolivia
, Hindu and Arab etc.
Etymology
The area where Santa Cruz currently lies belonged to Menceyato
Guanche
Anaga, which was the most easterly of
the island. The city that is now Santa Cruz had a few names
throughout its history:
Añazo (name
Guanche),
Puerto de Santiago Santa Cruz de
Tenerife and
Santa Cruz de Tenerife
(current), which means; "holy
cross in the
island Tenerife". In memory of when the city was founded stuck a
Christian cross in the place is now
the center of town.
History
The area on which now stands the city and the municipality of Santa
Cruz de Tenerife has been the subject of human occupation since
time Guanches, approximately 2000 years ago, as attested by the
archaeological sites found. The area was known to the
Guanches, the first inhabitants of the island, as
Añazo. Later, it became one of the most important ports of
the Atlantic and the Canary Islands, a status it retains to this
day. This former fishermen's village rose to prominence after a
Volcano destroyed the port of
Garachico in
the XVIII century. Santa Cruz became the major port on the Island.
It first won its independence from La Laguna and, in the 19th
century, was awarded the status of Capital of the Canary Islands
province by King
Ferdinand
VII.
Between
1833 and
1927 Santa
Cruz de Tenerife was the sole capital of the Canary Islands, until
in 1927 a decree ordered that the capital of the Canary Islands is
shared whith the Las Palmas, it remains as at present.
In recent years, it has become clear that there exists a
de
facto union with neighbouring city
San Cristóbal de La Laguna
(141,627 inhabitants as in 2005 census) due to the rapid population
growth and lack of empty space between both, forming a merged
metropolitan union home to 420,198 inhabitants including nearby
municipalities
Tegueste, Candelaria and
El
Rosario. Regarding this situation, the mayor of Santa Cruz,
Miguel Zerolo Aguilar and his La Laguna counterpart, Ana María
Oramas Moro, both belonging to the Canarian Nationalists Party(CC),
have stated several times to local media their willingness to
proceed to a full political union between their municipalities,
even though the decision is due to be postponed to a date after the
forthcoming local elections in 2007.
Administrative divisions
Administrative divisions of Santa
Cruz
Santa Cruz is divided administratively into five districts, which
in turn are subdivided into districts, not necessarily consistent
with the traditional neighborhoods.
| No |
District |
Population |
| 1 |
Anaga |
14.135 |
| 2 |
Centro-Ifara |
53.652 |
| 3 |
La Salud-La Salle |
70.120 |
| 4 |
Ofra-Costa Sur |
47.977 |
| 5 |
Distrito Suroeste |
41.136 |
Demographics
.PNG/200px-Demograf%C3%ADa_Las_Palmas_(Espa%C3%B1a).PNG)
Demographics
In 1990, the population peaked above the 200,000 mark; it next hit
a record level in the 2003 census. The population has continued to
increase, with
immigration from
Latin America and Africa. Santa Cruz de
Tenerife and the city of
San Cristóbal de La Laguna
are physically and urban together, so that together have a
population of over 382,331 inhabitants.
Ethnically, the population is a mix of Spanish, Portuguese, German,
British, and Latin American (especially Cuban and Venezuelan), as
well as Northern and Sub-Sahara African. There are also important
historical minorities such as Indians (
Sindhi), Koreans (see
Koreans in Spain#Santa Cruz) and
lately
Russians . The majority of the
population professes the
Catholic religion,
but there is a large community of
Hindus and
Muslims. In Santa Cruz de Tenerife crimes
decreased by 8.65% and 5.01% a fault.
Panoramic view of city
West Harbour
| Year |
Population |
Density |
| 1991 |
200,172 |
1,329.52/km2 |
| 1996 |
203,787 |
1,353.53/km2 |
| 2001 |
188,477 |
1,251.84/km2 |
| 2002 |
217,414 |
1,440.07/km2 |
| 2003 |
220,022 |
1,461.36/km2 |
| 2004 |
219,466 |
1,457.66/km2 |
| 2006 |
221,956 |
1,474.20/km2 |
| 2007 |
220.902 |
1.467,20/km2 |
| 2008 |
226.232 |
1,474.20/km2 |
Metropolitan area
Map of Tenerife, in yellow note of
Metropolitan Area.
The Santa Cruz de Tenerife-La Laguna Metropolitan Area the second
largest city and metropolitan area of the
European Union outside
Europe. According to data provided by the Canary
Islands Government and
Cabildo de
Tenerife the metropolitan area of Santa Cruz de Tenerife is
composed of the municipalities of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, San
Cristobal de La Laguna,
El Rosario and
Tegueste with a population of 404,913
inhabitants in 2008, 322.13 km
2, and a population
density of 1,156.33 inhabitants/km
2.
According to AUDES5 this conurbation also comprises the
municipalities of
Tacoronte and
El Sauzal, bringing the total population of the
urban population would reach 581.947 (2008).
The cities of Santa Cruz and San Cristobal de La Laguna and urban
are physically linked, so that together have a population of over
382,331 inhabitants. What makes them the largest urban area in the
Canaries (independent of municipal lines).
Communications
TF5 highway as passing by the Guajara
Commercial Area and the Central Campus
Santa Cruz, being the centre of the Tenerife Metropolitan Area, is
the logical hub for the island's motorway network.
The 85 km. long
TF1 Motorway links the south of the
island including Playa de las Américas
and other southern resorts and towns with its
capital. The motorway itself starts near the Auditorio and
allows to access Santa Cruz and La Laguna through three different
ways.
TF5 Motorway links Santa Cruz with the Puerto de la
Cruz
, La Orotava and the
northern side of the island, passing right through La Laguna before
entering Santa Cruz.
The
Santa Cruz harbour is one of
the busiest in Spain; three quays host regular ferries, fast
ferries, cruise ships and merchant ships.
Tenerife
North Airport
lies on the TF5
Motorway on the outskirts of the city.
The
mostly tourist Tenerife South Airport
ranks 47th in Spain and is located next to the
TF1 Motorway, 75 km. south of
Santa Cruz. There are plans to link this airport to the
capital with a
railway network.
The
Intercambiador
is in the Avenida 3 de Mayo, hub for all TITSA bus lines and the start of the new Tenerife Tram service, and major parking
places.
The first
line will start in the Intercambiador, and will end in La
Laguna's Avenida Trinidad, reaching Tenerife
North Airport in a next stage. Yet another line,
this one from Puerto de
la Cruz, is planned.
Economy
.jpg/200px-Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife_(1).jpg)
View of the Industrial Zone
The economy of Santa Cruz relies mainly on services. Trade,
tourism, import-export, the seaport and the presence of the major
political and financial institutions, as well as the most important
companies, guarantee a strong economic activity and development.
The building sector is relevant, while industry, apart from the oil
refinery and food processing, is minor.
The city of Santa
Cruz has refurnished many of its quarters, modernised its
infrastructure, built brand new areas, malls, high buildings and
some charismatic structures, such as Calatrava´s Auditorio or the Congress
Hall, César Manrique´s Marina or
the not yet completed Óscar
Domínguez Museum of Modern Art and Culture (IODACC) and the new Plaza de España layout, both by
Basel
-based Pritzker Prize
winner studio Herzog & de
Meuron. The work to renew the concept under man-made Las
Teresitas Beach is under the direction of French architect
Dominique Perrault.
Arts and Culture
Cultural Areas
Statues in the entrance of the Masonic
Temple
Plaza de España
Iglesia de la Concepción (Church of
Concepción)
- Auditorio de Tenerife: the
work of Spanish architect Santiago
Calatrava. Is an emblematic building of Spanish architecture. The Tenerife
Auditorium stands east of the Marine Park. Their great sailing boat
simulating has become a symbol of the neighborhood of Cabo Llanos
and by extension the whole city, island and archipelago. The
auditorium has two rooms and a chamber symphony. It is the seat of
Orquesta Sinfónica
de Tenerife and it holds, among other acts, the Festival de Ópera de
Tenerife, the Classical Music
Festival of the Canary Islands and the delivery of awards
Cadena Dial.
- Guimerá Theater: Opened on
July 25, 1851. Great nineteenth century building located in the
central street of Angel Guimerá.
- Museum of Fine Arts: This museum has, in addition to a fund
with a deposit of works from the Prado Museum. Outstanding
paintings by artists such as Peter Coeck, Ribera, Madrazo and
Sorolla. As a fixed background, artists such as canaries Gaspar de
Quevedo, Cristóbal Hernández de Quintana, and Juan Miranda González
Méndez, among others.
- Museum of Nature and
Man: history, through pictures and objects, the Guanches. There is a room where is the formation of the Canary
Islands. Among the archaeological finds shown are several
Guanche mummies, including two
mummified fetuses. There are a lot of Guanche skulls and
reproductions of works of Africa and the
pre-Columbian America among
many other samples. It is a museum of international reputation
since it has participated in international meetings on archeology.
- Circulo de Bellas Artes: Founded in 1926 and based in Castle
Street 43, is a cultural center that program of events, such as art
exhibitions of painting and photography in the courtroom on the
ground floor, directly accessible from the street. It has a
cafeteria on the first floor.
- Espacio Cultural El Tanque: In 1997 a former container tank at
the refinery, there becomes exhibitions, dance and audio,
alternative music, theater, classical music, new technologies and
multimedia, among other productions.
- Center for
Photography Tenerife: It has areas suitable for exhibition and
study of traditional and contemporary photography.
- The Art Room Recova: The Recova the Art Room is located in the
old market town. Do not have a permanent collection, but are
rotating exhibitions throughout the year.
- TEA - Tenerife
Espacio de las Artes: work of Herzog & de Meuron opened in
2008.
Urban Sculpture
The city contains many pieces of sculpture, visible both in their
places in their walks, so out of the
fertility or
Parque Garcia Sanabria Arbórea statue recalls a
Sabina twisted by the wind.
But surely the whole of the
Exhibition
of Outdoor Sculpture in Santa Cruz de Tenerife is the most
important. Situated along the Ramblas and the Parque Garcia
Sanabria, and contains works by artists such as
Henry Moore,
Andreu
Alfaro,
Martin Chirino,
Joan Miro and
Óscar Domínguez, among
others.
Cultural events
Nightlife
Santa Cruz has not been characterized by an intense night life, in
contrast to the nearby university town of
La Laguna. Nevertheless,
there are several clubs and pubs spread across the city. The best
known are in the Parque Marítimo César Manrique, May 3 Avenue and
back, and in La Noria street Residencial Anaga. Moreover, in the
area of Industrial Mayorazgo, three new clubs have opened. There
are also pubs that have survived without belonging to a particular
location for leisure, as the platform, near the Bullring, which
opened its doors in 1991.
It has recently gained importance as a leisure street Antonio
Dominguez Alfonso (popularly known as Calle La Noria) and adjacent
in the vicinity of the
Church of the
Conception. After several years of neglect, all the houses in
this area has been recovered by the local hotel as tapas, light
dinner and drinks. This street also hosts the headquarters of
several
murgas, music groups linked
to
Carnival, and independent organ of
Events and Recreation.
Popularly known as the Avenida de Anaga (as known to all roads
adjacent to the port) is in his section of Avenida Francisco la
Roche a classic dinner and drinks first. During the 90s was the
nerve center of nightlife, the best known local focus of the city.
Although many of them closed down because of licenses and noise,
attempt to regain its glory today. To that end, the City will
undertake various initiatives through 2009.
In 2007, as decided by the City Council and managed by the Society
for Development, is set in motion an ambitious plan for
revitalization of the city under the brand name "Santa Cruz + Viva
', in accordance with
Cabildo
Insular de Tenerife and
Government of the Canary
Islands.
Media
In Santa Cruz de Tenerife have drafted the three provincial
newspapers (
The Day Diario de Avisos and
La Opinión de Tenerife), as well
as editors of newspapers regional
La Gaceta de Canarias.Also located in
the city the headquarters of various TV channels, most of which
broadcast on the island:
Spanish
Television in the Canary Islands,
Television Canaria Antena 3 TV Canary Islands,
Television Day,
Canal 7 Atlantic,
Channel 4 Tenerife,
Channel 8, etc.Most radio stations are also
located in the city.
Radio Club
Tenerife (
Cadena SER),
RNE, Teide Radio-
Onda Cero,
Radio Day,
Radio
ECCA etc.. In the city is the headquarters of the
TV Canaria.
Tourist sites (Symbols of the city)
Tenerife Opera House, Canary Islands,
Spain
- Auditorio de
Tenerife (Auditorium of Tenerife): Designed by
Santiago Calatrava, the
Auditorium of Tenerife was constructed in 2003. The building has an
organic and famous structure in the shape of 'sails' with white
blue rollers. The auditorium has a big room for concerts, a room
for opera and other smaller rooms. It is an emblem of the city and
is one of the more photographed buildings. This building is in the
Port of Santa Cruz de
Tenerife close to the sea. It was inaugurated on September 26,
2003 with the presence of Felipe
de Borbón, Prince of Asturias, and was also visited by former
U.S. President Bill Clinton.
The
profile of the famous and majestic auditorium has become a symbol
of the city of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, the island of Tenerife and
the Canary
Islands. It is one of the main attractions of
Tenerife and the Canaries.
- Torres de Santa
Cruz (Towers of Santa Cruz): Twin towers finished in
2008 are the highest skyscrapers of the city and Canary Islands.
In
addition they are the highest residential buildings of Spain.
- Tenerife
Espacio de las Artes
(Tenerife Space of Arts - TEA): Building
designed by the Swiss firm of architects Herzog & de Meuron and directed
by the Canary architect Virgilio Gutierrez Herreros. The
building houses the contemporary museum Óscar Domínguez
Institute, the Alejandro Cioranescu Island
Library and the Center for Photography Island of
Tenerife. In addition, the property has a hall, a
restaurant, a shop, a public plaza, offices.
- Centro
Internacional de Ferias y Congresos de Tenerife (Tenerife
International Centre for Trade Fairs and Congresses): The
complex was designed by architect and engineer Santiago Calatrava is configured as a
multipurpose building that can host major fairs, exhibitions and
conferences that take place on the island of Tenerife. The Great Hall, located on the top floor, took a
total of 12,000 square meters, making it the largest covered space
in the Canary Islands.
Naval history
Due to the strategic location of Tenerife on the route between the
Mediterranean and the Americas, it was attacked a number of times
by the English and the Dutch. In particular, Santa Cruz Bay was the
scene of two notable naval engagements involving two of the most
famous British
admirals.
In 1656, Admiral
Robert Blake
totally destroyed a Spanish silver fleet of 16 ships for the loss
of none of his own, despite being under fire from shore batteries
and attacking and withdrawing on the tide. 50 years later, the
British under
John Genings were
defeated when they attacked the island on November 6, 1706 during
the
War of the Spanish
Succession.
In 1797
Admiral Horatio
Nelson met with bloody defeat in an attempt
to storm the harbour. It was at this battle
that Nelson lost his right arm having been hit before he had
stepped off the ship's boat. It was on Santiago's day and that is
the reason for having Santiago's sword cutting the lion's head as a
symbol of the British defeat.
Port of Santa Cruz de Tenerife
Panoramic view of the port of Santa
Cruz de Tenerife
The
Port of Santa Cruz de
Tenerife is a fishing port, commercial, passenger and sports
from the city of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, capital of the island,
located in the Atlantic
Ocean. It is managed by the Port Authority of
Santa Cruz de Tenerife.
It is the
first fishing port in the Canary Islands with approximately 7,500 tons of fish caught,
according to the Statistical Yearbook of the State Ports 2006 (the
latest of which is changing). Following this report is the
largest port number of passengers recorded.
Similarly, the second
port of Spain moving ship
and loaded into cars, only surpassed by the Port of Algeciras Bay.
Climate
Santa Cruz has a
Subtropical climate,
with warm dry summers and moderately warm winters. Its average
annual temperature is : during the day and at night. In the coldest
month - January, the typically temperature ranges from during the
day, at night, the average sea temperature is . In the warmest
month - August, the typically temperature during the day ranges
from , above at night, the average sea temperature is . Average
number of days per year above is 11. Average
relative humidity: 61%. Sunshine hours
average at 2,868 per year, from 180 in November and January (6
hours of sunshine a day) to 310 in July and August (10 hours of
sunshine a day). Precipitation per year is only 23.33 cm
(inches: 9.2).
Carnival
Costume Miss Peggy and la rana
Gustavo
Carnival of Santa Cruz de
Tenerife, along with the carnival in
Cadiz
, the maximum consideration for parties which gives
the ministry with competence for tourism in Spain. Thousands
of people take to the streets each year for over a week. On January
18, 1980 was declared a
Fiesta of International
Tourist Interest by the Secretary of State for Tourism, and is
one of the world's largest carnivals. It is the only party that
holds that distinction canaria. In 2000, the Carnival of Santa Cruz
de Tenerife, dedicated this year to pirates in the city became
"Capital of the World Carnival". And it is the most important
country and one of the largest in the world.<<YOTECA>>
Guía de ayuda documentada,
[38330], 22-2-2008 At present, the Carnival of Santa
Cruz hopes to become a
World
Heritage Site.
This statement from UNESCO will, occur,
further promoting international had Santa Cruz de Tenerife, being
the first Carnival of Spain to obtain this recognition, for its
permanent in time and it would reach the five continents through
UNESCO.
Sites of interest
Attractions
The parliament of the Canary
Islands
Fountain at the Plaza Weyler
Aerial view
Parks and Squares
- Parque García
Sanabria
- Plaza de 25 de julio (de los Patos)
- Plaza de España
- Plaza de la Candelaria
- Plaza del Príncipe
- Plaza de Weyler
Churches and historical monuments
- Iglesia de La Concepción (church)
- Iglesia de San Francisco de Asís (church)
- Cabildo Insular de Tenerife (governing body of
the island)
- Castillo de San Juan (castle)
- Castillo Negro (castle)
- Parlamento de Canarias (Parliament of the
Canary Islands)
Commercial areas
Santa Cruz is popular for its wide commercial offerings, including
zona Centro (Central part) - Pedestrian
calle
Castillo, San José, del Pilar, Viera y Clavijo' Zona Rambla
(Rambla area) or Rambla de Pulido
, calle Ramón y
Cajal, and the big shopping
centres and department stores
in Avenida de 3 Mayo
, plus the big malls
in Añaza
on the southern suburbs.
The most upmarket and high street shopping is located
alongCalle del Pilar and nearby
Parque Bulevar Shopping Centre, where many
designer shops can be found. International and local brands of
shops and restaurants, such as
Zara,
Mango,
H&M,
Ordning&Reda,
El Corte Inglés,
Ikea,
C&A,
McDonalds and
Burger
King are much present on the island. Not only the wide range of
shops makes the city attractive but the
lower prices found in many items, such as
tobacco, alcohol, electronic devices, beauty products, sunglasses
or even food or coffee. They are indeed much lower than in most
cities of
Western Europe including
Spain, due to the very special and much lighter
taxation on goods enjoyed on the Canary
Islands.
Nightlife
Santa Cruz is characterized for its nightlife consisting of
discothèques and pubs in the Marina park named after César
Manrique, Avenida 3 de mayo and
Residencial Anaga, as well
as pubs in La Noria street and surroundings, as well a nearby La
Laguna. The city is also renowned for its massive, popular and at
the same time sophisticated
carnival, one
of the biggest in the World, declared of International Tourist
Interest after general Franco's death. It takes the city by storm
in February or March every year.
Hotels
Maritime Park "César Manrique"
- Sheraton Mencey *****
- Silken Atlántida ****
- Hotel NH Tenerife ****
- Hotel Escuela Santa Cruz ****
- Hotel Apto. Colón Rambla ***
- El Contemporáneo ***
- Hotel Plaza ***
- Hotel Príncipe Paz ***
- Hotel Taburiente ***
- Hotel Anaga **
- Hotel Atlántico **
Celebrations of the city
Roques de Anaga
Playa de Las Teresitas
Playa de Las Teresitas
- January 27 anniversary of the appointment of Santa Cruz de
Tenerife of the Canary Islands as the capital.
- February, Carnival (of
International Tourist Interest).
- May 3, May festivities. Día de la Cruz (Day of the City of
Santa Cruz de Tenerife).
Consulates
The consulates with sedate in Santa Cruz de Tenerife they are:
Sister cities
Aranda de
Duero
, Spain
San Antonio
, USA- Santa Cruz,
California
, USA
- Atlanta
, USA
Santa Cruz
de la Sierra
, Bolivia
Caracas
, Venezuela
- Cádiz
,
Spain
Rio de Janeiro
, Brazil
Nice
,
France
Santa Cruz del Norte
, Cuba
Guatemala City
, Guatemala
- Miami Dade
, USA
St. Petersburg
, Russia
Santo Domingo
, Dominican Republic
Santacruceros illustrious
See also
References
- Eurostat -
Urban Audit
- La sala de máquinas del nuevo Santa Cruz
- Estadísticas de la Comunidad Autónoma de
Canarias
- Cifra de población referida al 01/01/2008 según el
Instituto
Nacional de Estadística
- Real Decreto de 30 de noviembre de
1833 en wikisource
- Real Decreto de 30 de noviembre de
1833 en el sitio web oficial del Gobierno de Canarias
- Revista Digital San Borondón
- Santa Cruz de Tenerife, en página de turismo de
Tenerife
- Anuario estadístico de Puertos del Estado
- [1]
-
http://www.santacruzmas.com/SantaCruzMas09.asp?IdMenu=10&IdSeccion=41&IdSubseccion=238
- Real Decreto de 30 de noviembre de
1833 en wikisource
- Real Decreto de 30 de noviembre de
1833 en el sitio web oficial del Gobierno de Canarias
- Instituto
Nacional de Estadística - Datos Poblacionales del término
municipal de Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Avance del Padrón Municipal.
Datos provisionales. [2], 1 January 2007
- [3]
- Portal
turístico y ocio de Santa Cruz de Tenerife Islas Canarias -
SANTACRUZ MAS
- Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Santa Cruz,
Canary Islands
- Noticia sobre el Carnaval en Canarias, publicada por
el diario Canarias7,
07-02-2007
- The International Affairs Department (IAD)
- "La derrota de Nelson, el manco de Tenerife" by Julio Albert
Ferrero, Naval History review, 1998, Juan Arencibia, Vicente Mira
Gutiérrez, Editorial Leoncio Rodríguez, Julio N. Rancel, Regional
Military Museum of Canarias at Sta. Cruz de Tenerife.
External links
Corporation (Multilingual)
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