The Sheffield Town Trust, formerly officially known as the Burgery of Sheffield, is a charitable trust operating in Sheffield, South Yorkshire.

Mediaeval period

The Town Trust was established in the Charter to the Town of Sheffield, granted in 1297. Thomas de Furnival, Lord of the Manor of Sheffield, granted land to the freeholders of Sheffield in return for an annual payment, and a Common Burgery administrated them. The Burgery originally consisted of public meetings of all the freeholders, who elected a Town Collector.

Reformation to the eighteenth century

By the 1540s, the Burgery was unable to maintain essential public works, or to provide for local unemployed people. In 1554, a charter established the Twelve Capital Burgesses and Commonality of the Town and Parish of Sheffield to maintain the parish church and area immediately around it. This effectively split the old Burgery in two, while giving it increased powers and responsibilities.

In 1681, a commission formed a group of thirteen people, known as the Town Trustees, to assume the administrative role. This body was to be maintained by the nomination and appointment of the "greater number of inhabitants" of the town. The Trustees were headed by the Town Collector, one of the most senior officials in the town. They were to hold elections for new members only when three of their number were dead.

The Trustees were responsible for the repair of Lady's Bridge, Barkers Pool, various highways and the city's well, and also for some charitable works. In 1700, they constructed a town hall by Sheffield Parish Church to provide themselves with a meeting place. By the eighteenth century, they were contributing to major works, including the River Don Navigation and the Sheffield to Chesterfield turnpike road. However, the increase in population of the early nineteenth century limited their ability to fulfil their duties. Other than subscriptions to the construction of a new Town Hall and Cutlers Hall, they restricted themselves to road works.

In 1757, the Town Trust paid 14s6d to cricketers on Shrove Tuesday, in an attempt "to entertain the populace and prevent the infamous practice of throwing at cocks". The match took place against Wirksworth, and may be the earliest indication of the Sheffield Cricket Club that eventually became Yorkshire County Cricket Club. Meanwhile, Joseph Hunter's Hallamshire claims that the Trust initiated horse racing at Crookesmoor in the early eighteenth century.

Reform

The Trust faced criticism for a lack of elections, even to the extent of having frequent vacant seats. When an election was held, the Trust interpreted "greater number of inhabitants" as referring only to freeholders, but in 1811, several non-freeholders attempted to vote. In response, the Trust abandoned the election. In 1816, this position was supported by the Chancery Court.

In 1818, the Trustees and the Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire were empowered with setting up the Sheffield Improvement Commission, which took over the Trust's responsibility for street cleaning and lighting. The local Town Trust Act 1827 introduced new regulation of the body, and compelled it to open its books. This revealed that it owned 26,000 square yards of property in Sheffield and elsewhere in Hallam.It also held shares in various local organisations.

Sheffield Town Council was established in 1843, superseding the Improvement Commission and acquiring new powers. In 1851, influenced by Chartist councillor Isaac Ironside, the Council formulated a Parliamentary Bill which would have seen them absorb the Town Trust and the Church Burgesses, but dropped the provisions in the face of opposition. Even without the absorption, the Council soon took over most of the role of the Trust, which struggled as its finances failed to keep pace with the city's growth.

The Town Council was granted a coat of arms in 1875. An element of this is a crossed sheaf of arrows, taken from the seals of the Town Trust and the Church Burgesses. It probably originated as a play on the name of the River Sheaf, from which Sheffield takes its name.

Present activities

The Trust exists today as a grant-making trust "for organisations whose objects are charitable, public and within the City of Sheffield". It also owns some land around the town, such as the centre of Paradise Square. It has owned Sheffield Botanical Gardens since 1898, and is represented on the Gardens' Steering Group.

The Trust sponsors postgraduate scholarships at the University of Sheffield, has been associated with the Chair of Pure Mathematics, and is represented on its Court.

Further reading

• J. D. Leader, The Records of the Burgery of Sheffield: Commonly Called the Town Trust (1897)
• Ed Bramley, A Record of the Burgery of Sheffield Commonly Called the Town Trust, From 1898 to 1955 (1957)

References

1. Robert Tittler, The Reformation and the Towns in England
2. Clyde Binfield et al., The History of the City of Sheffield 1843-1993: Volume I: Politics
3. Sidney and Beatrice Webb, The Manor and the Borough
4. Clyde Binfield and David Hey, Mesters to Masters: A History of the Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire
5. Edward Baines, History, Directory & Gazeteer, of the County of York: Vol I - West Riding
6. Sidney Oldall Addy, Church and Manor: A Study in English Economic History
7. William White, History & General Directory of the Borough of Sheffield (1833)
8. The CROOKES MOOR RACES - SHEFFIELD (c1713-1785)
9. Sheffield's Coat of Arms, Sheffield City Council
10. SHEFFIELD TOWN TRUST, THE, Help Yourself Database
11. Cathedral Quarter Action Plan, Sheffield City Council
12. Sheffield Town Trust, Sheffield Botanical Gardens
13. Postgraduate Scholarships and Studentships, University of Sheffield
14. Rodney Sharp, " OBITUARY: PROFESSOR DOUGLAS NORTHCOTT", The Independent, 2 May 2005
15. The Statutes of the University, University of Sheffield