Suvarnabhumi Airport ( , ) ,
also known as (New) Bangkok International Airport,
is the international airport serving
Southeast Asia, and Bangkok
, Thailand
. It
was officially opened for limited domestic flight service on 15
September 2006, and opened for most domestic and all international
commercial flights on 28 September.
The airport is currently the main hub for
Thai Airways International,
Bangkok Airways,
Orient Thai Airlines,
PBair and
Thai
AirAsia.
The
airport is located in Racha Thewa in
Bang
Phli
district, Samut Prakan Province
, about 25 km east of downtown Bangkok.
The name
Suvarnabhumi was chosen by King
Bhumibol Adulyadej and refers to
the golden kingdom hypothesised to have been
located somewhere in Southeast Asia.
Designed by
Helmut Jahn of Murphy/Jahn
Architects, this airport has the world's tallest
control tower (132.2 m), and the world's third
largest single-building
airport
terminal (563,000 m²). Suvarnabhumi is one of the
busiest airports
in Asia and is also a
major air cargo
hub.
The airport inherited the airport code BKK
from Don
Mueang
after the older airport ceased international
flights. A modern motorway connects the airport, Bangkok,
and the heavily industrial
Eastern Seaboard of Thailand,
where most of the manufacturing for export takes place.
History

Terminal interior

Border between the concourse and the
terminal seen from the arrival area

Terminal

Inner courtyard as seen from the
luggage claim room

Inner courtyard and terminal structure
by night

Departure hall

The churn of the milk ocean sculpture
inside the departure hall
Land purchase, early construction
Planning of a second international airport for Bangkok started in
the early 1960s. The process was slow from the start: as early as
1968, critics were already charging that the project was "five to
seven years" behind the main schedule.
The 8,000 acre (32 km²) plot of land occupied by the airport
was purchased in 1973, but the
student
uprising on 14 October of the same year was followed by the
overthrow of the military government of
Thanom Kittikachorn and the project was
shelved. After a series of ups and downs, the "New Bangkok
International Airport" company (NBIA) was formed in 1996. Due to
political and economic instabilities, notably the
Asian financial crisis of 1997, the
civil construction began six years later in January 2002 by the
government of
Thaksin Shinawatra.
The airport is located in a once low-lying marsh, formerly known as
Nong Ngu Hao ( , lit. "
Cobra Swamp"),
which took 5 years (1997 - 2001) to clear make a
land reclamation. In 2005, the construction
supervision and management was transferred to the Airports of
Thailand PLC, while the NBIA company was dissolved.
Financing
50% of the airport's construction cost was covered by Airports of
Thailand, while the another 50% was from a friendly agreement of
AOT and JBIC,
Japan Bank for
International Cooperation. Airport-related procurement followed
JBIC's stringent guidelines for transparency and openness.
Despite
populism regarding the airport as being built for passengers, Thai
and foreigner exporting companies in the area for a long time
wanted a round the clock airport built along with a modern motorway
between factories, Bangkok, and the port of Laem Chabang
.
Early construction, airport tests, and official opening
The airport was due to open in late 2005, but a series of budget
overruns, construction flaws, and
allegations of
corruption plagued the project.
A further problem was the belief that the airport was haunted by
spirits, and sightings of ghosts by superstitious construction
workers, so that on 23 September 2005, the Thai airports authority
held a ceremony with 99 Buddhist monks chanting prayers to calm
these spirits.
Symbolic first test flights involving two Thai Airways aircraft
were held on 29 September 2005, a previously announced deadline for
opening.
Full tests of the airport, with seats sold to the public, took
place on 3 July and 29 July, 2006. Six airlines –
Thai Airways International,
Nok Air,
Thai Air
Asia,
Bangkok Airways,
PBair and
One-Two-GO – used
the airport as a base for 20 domestic flights. The first
international test flights were conducted on 1 September 2006.
Two THAI's
aircraft, B747-400 and A300-600, simultaneously departed the airport on
9.19am to Singapore
and Hong
Kong
. At 3.50pm the same aircraft flew back and
made simultaneous touchdowns on runways 19L and 19R. These test
flights demonstrated the readiness of the airport to handle heavy
traffic.
On 15
September 2006, the airport started limited daily operations with
Jetstar Asia Airways operating
three flights daily to Singapore
and Thai
Airways International operating some domestic flights to
Phitsanulok
, Chiang
Mai
and Ubon Ratchathani
. Bangkok
Airways moved on 21 September,
AirAsia
and
Thai AirAsia followed suit on 25
September and on 26 September
Nok Air moved
to Suvarnabhumi Airport. During this initial phase, as well as in
the previous tests, the airport used the temporary IATA code
NBK.
Suvarnabhumi officially opened at 3:00am on 28 September 2006,
taking over all flights from Don Mueang.
The first flight to
arrive was Lufthansa Cargo flight
LH8442 from Mumbai
at
3:05am. The first commercial arrival was from
Japan Airlines at 3:30am.
The first passenger
arrival was Aerosvit flight VV171 from
Kiev
at 4:30am, and the first cargo departure was
Saudi Arabian Airlines flight
SV-984 to Riyadh
at
5:00am. Aerosvit also had the first passenger departure
(VV172 to Kiev) around 5:30am.
Initial difficulties
Many difficulties were recorded in the first few days of the
airport's operation. On the first day alone, sluggish luggage
claims were common - the very first passenger arrival by Aerosvit
took an hour for the luggage to start coming out, and some flights
did not have their luggage coming out even after four hours. Also
flights were delayed (Thai Airways claimed that 17 of 19 flights
were delayed that day), and there were also failures with the
check-in system. Subsequent problems included the failure of the
cargo computer system, and the departure boards displaying the
wrong information, resulting in confused passengers (especially as
unlike Don Muang, there were no "final calls" issued).
Months into its opening, issues such as congestion, construction
quality, signage, provision of facilities, and soil subsidence
continued to plague the project, prompting calls to reopen Don
Mueang to allow for repairs to be done. Expert opinions varied
widely regarding the extent of Suvarnabhumi's problems as well as
their root cause; most airlines stated that damage to the airport
was minimal. Prime Minister
Surayud
Chulanont decided on 16 February 2007 to reopen Don Mueang for
domestic flights on a voluntary basis, with 71 weekly flights moved
back initially, with no international flights allowed.
Capacity and safety issues
Problems with the tarmac
The Engineering Institute of Thailand conducted investigations at
the airport in late 2006 after signs of distress were spotted at
several locations in Suvarnabhumi's taxiways and taxilanes.
Rutting was found in five of the six
taxilanes and one of the six taxiways.
Plastic deformation of the asphalt
wearing course was observed near the
takeoff position of the runway. However, the investigators noted
that plastic deformation at this location was a common phenomenon
and only routine maintenance was required to repair the distress.
Aside from this surface distortion, both runways were in good
structural condition.
Further investigations found that that taxilane and taxiway rutting
was caused by separation of the asphalt
binder from the
aggregate surface due to prolonged
water infiltration into the asphalt concrete
base course, a phenomenon known as "stripping."
The 23-centimetre-thick base course is the top-most layer of the
tarmac. Core samples indicated that the concrete base course
material contained the correct job mix and aggregate gradation.
Below the base course are the
binder
course, the wearing course, and the
cement-treated base.
Detailed investigations found that water seepage was evident along
the rims of the expansion joints in the cement-tested base,
indicating that a large quantity of water was still trapped in the
sand blanket (the bottom-most layer of
the tarmac). It was found that water trapped in the sand blanket
was fully confined with no connection to the pavement areas of the
airport. A later investigation by the AoT identified several
potential reasons for the trapped water in the sand blanket. The
AoT's findings were disputed by several experts.
The Engineering Institute of Thailand sent a formal warning to the
AoT in November 2006 about the urgent need to drain water from
beneath the tarmac, and the need for immediate action. "The AOT did
nothing about the problem," Suebsak Promboon of the EIT later
noted. "The situation might not have become this bad if the water
had been drained then."
In January 2007, ruts were discovered in the runways at
Suvarnabhumi. The east runway was scheduled to close for repairs.
Expert opinions have varied widely as to the root cause of the
ruts. Airport authorities and airline representatives maintained
that the airport was still safe and resisted suggestions that the
airport should be completely closed and all flights moved back to
Don Muang.
On 27 January 2007, however, the Department of Civil Aviation
declined to renew the airport's safety certificate, which expired
the previous day.
The ICAO
requires
that international airports hold aerodrome safety certificates, but
Suvarnabhumi will continue to operate because the ICAO requirement
has yet to be adopted as part of Thai law.
A
junta-appointed panel of engineers assigned
to inspect the airport noted that damage to the airport was
"minute," and "common." According to a panel member, the problem
with the runways and taxiways are ruts, not cracks in the asphalt
as had previously been claimed. "This is a common type of damage.
You see it in airports all over the United States," said Noppodol
Phien-Wej, a panel-member. A spokesman for British Airways, also
said that "everything is normal," and that "we haven't heard any
complaints from the staff."
A two-week investigation led by
Tortrakul Yomnak, a chief engineer for
Airports of Thailand and a
leader of the anti-
Thaksin
movement, later found that the runway was safe, and that cracks
could be repaired in as little as a few hours. At the beginning of
the investigation, Tortrakul had warned that the airport might need
to be closed for three years.
In a public statement on 15 February 2007, the EIT again strongly
recommended that trapped water should be drained out immediately to
minimise the potential spread of cracks. Karun Chandrarangsu,
president of the Engineering Institute of Thailand noted,
"Suvarnabhumi is like a patient in a coma who continues to suffer
from severe bleeding. Stopping the blood flow now is more urgent
and important than debating what caused the injury."
The
military junta used allegedly shoddy
construction at the airport as one of the justifications for its
overthrow of the Thaksin government, and it later purged the top
management of AoT. Critics noted that junta-led investigations were
unlikely to reveal an impartial picture of the airport's
shortcomings. "Problems are normal for any new airport. In our case
it's made more complex because everybody wants to run down the
former prime minister," noted Sumet Jumsai, a leading Thai
architect.
Capacity
The airport has 2 parallel runways (60 m. wide, 4,000 m. and 3700
m. long) and 2 parallel taxiways to accommodate simultaneous
departures and arrivals. It has a total of 120 parking bays (51
with contact gates and 69 remote gates) and 5 of these are capable
of accommodating the Airbus A380 aircraft. With a capacity of
handling 76 flight operations per hour, both international and
domestic flights will share the airport terminal but will be
assigned to different parts of the concourse. In the initial phase
of construction, it will be capable of handling 45 million
passengers and 3 million tonnes of cargo per year. Between the
airport hotel and the terminal building are the two 5-storey car
park buildings with a combined capacity of 5,000 cars.
Plans to re-open Don Muang for domestic
In
January 2007, Thai Airways announced a plan to move some of its
domestic operations back to Don Muang
International Airport
due to overcrowding.Three days later, the
Ministry of Transport recommended temporarily reopening Don Muang
while repair work on the runways at Suvarnabhumi proceeds. The
recommendation is still subject to approval by the junta's Cabinet.
Thai
Airways said it would shift most of its domestic flights back,
keeping flights with high international passenger connections such
as Chiang
Mai
and Phuket at
Suvarnabhumi. Bangkok Airways
and
One-Two-GO have similar plans.
Thai AirAsia said it would not move
unless it could shift both its international and domestic
operations.
Nok Air and
PBair were undecided.
Repair and upgrades
Airports of Thailand found that the cost of fixing 60 identified
problems at the airport would be less than 1% of the total airline
cost and the problems could be fixed in up to four to five years.
Dr. Narupol Chaiyut, a member of a committee overseeing service
problems at the new airport, estimated that 70% of the problems
would be fixed within 2007. 20 of the 60 problems were successfully
fixed by February 2007.
Accidents and incidents
Suvarnabhumi Airport has no records of any accidents or incidents
at all.
Events
On 25
January 2007, due to work to the upgrading the taxiways, which was
suffered by a small crack, few incoming flights were delayed and
several flights were safety diverted to a nearby operating U-Tapao
International Airport
in Rayong province.
On 26 November 2008, the airport was suffered from an illegal
occupying of the protestors who claims themselves as
People's Alliance for
Democracy, closing the departure lounge and blocking exits,
causing almost three thousand passengers stranded within the main
terminal, another 350,000 were stranded inside the country, as all
flights were grounded for a short while.On 2 December 2008,
protesters agreed to leave the airport as they had been illegally
protesting and permitted the resumption of flights. Security
checks, clean-ups and recertification once the illegal occupation
ended delayed the airport from being fully functional until 5
December 2008.
Warnings
In 2009,
Ireland
warned its citizens to be on guard while browsing
in the airport's shops. "We have received reports that
innocent shoppers have been the subject of allegations of suspected
theft and threatened that their cases will
not be heard for several months unless they plead guilty and pay
substantial fines," the Irish government wrote in a
travel advisory, which also advised shoppers
to retain all receipts to "avoid great distress."
Great Britain
and Denmark
also posted online advisories about hard-to-detect
demarcation lines between shops in Suvarnabhumi's sprawling
duty-free zone and warned shoppers to
be alert about carrying unpaid merchandise across the
lines.
Irregularities
Several thugs and cheats, the majority of them illegal taxi drivers
and tour guides, are to be found preying upon tourists within the
arrival hall. These scammers belong to major, politically-well
connected criminal groups: Kamnan Samruay, Boonruang Srisang, Sak
Pakphanang, the Pattaya Mafia and Phuyai Daeng. Measures to evict
them have proven ineffectual due to their being well connected with
top AoT executives (it is alleged that the head of the Pirap gang
is personally related to an AoT executive, while the Phuyai Daeng
enjoys good connections with influential civil servants in Samut
Prakan).
Specifications

Airport layout

Phase two of the airport
Costing an estimated
฿155 billion
(
US$3.8 billion), the airport has 2 parallel
runways (60 m wide, 4000 m and 3700 m long)
and two parallel
taxiways to accommodate
simultaneous departures and arrivals. It has a total of 120 parking
bays (51 with contact gates and 69 remote gates), with five of
these capable of accommodating the
Airbus
A380. The main passenger terminal building, with a capacity of
handling 76 flight operations per hour, co-locates the
international and domestic terminals, though assigning them to
different parts of the concourse. In the initial phase of
construction, it will be capable of handling 45 million passengers
and 3 million tonnes of
cargo per
year. Above the future underground rail link station and in front
of the passenger terminal building is a 600-room hotel operated by
Accor Group under the
Novotel brand. Between
the airport hotel and the terminal building are the two 5-storey
car parks with a combined capacity of 5,000 cars.
Long-term plans include four runways flanking two main terminals,
two satellite buildings and a low-cost terminal will have a
combined capacity capable of handling more than 135 million
passengers and 6.4 million tonnes of cargo a year were settled
clearly on the drawing board. The second phase of airport expansion
which involving the construction of a satellite building south of
the main terminal is expected to begin construction in 3 to 5
years.
Airports of Thailand PLC (AOT),
the owner and
operator of
Suvarnabhumi Airport, announced on 21 July 2006 that a separate
terminal for Low-cost carriers will be built at the airport at a
cost of 600 million baht (15.8 million dollars). The budget
terminal will be located near Concourse A of the main terminal. It
is capable of handling more than 20 million passengers per year.
Its
operating concept will be modeled after the LCC terminals of
Kuala Lumpur International
Airport
and Singapore Changi Airport
. However, Don Mueang has also been reopened
and is being used by some low-cost domestic airlines, there are
concerns whether the LCC terminal at Suvarnabhumi will be needed
due to this and overcrowding concerns.
The
airport's passenger terminal is the world's largest passenger
terminal ever constructed in one phase at 563,000 m², and is also
currently the fourth biggest passenger terminal building in the
world, after the unexpected enlarging of Hong Kong
International Airport
(570,000 m²), Beijing
Capital International Airport
(986,000 m²) with the largest passenger terminal
being at Dubai International Airport
(Terminal 3 is over 1,500,000 m²). The
airport's air-traffic control tower is still remaining as the
tallest in the world's history at 132.2 m above the sea
level.
Airlines and destinations
Suvarnabhumi Airport has 51 air bridges. Additionally, flights are
also able to park at remote locations on the ramp, from where
airport buses transport passengers to and from the terminal.

Cities with a direct international
airlink to Suvarnabhumi Airport
Scheduled Services
Charter Services
Cargo Services
Ground transportation

Taxis stand is located outside the
arrival hall on the same level
Suvarnabhumi Airport Express (under construction)
The construction of the City Airport Terminal in
Makkasan and a 28.6 km
rapid transit link to the new
airport started in July 2005 and are planned for completion in 5
December 2009, after multiple delays. The airport express,
informally known as the Pink Line and operated jointly with
SRT's planned Red Line
commuter service, will connect with the
BTS Sukhumvit Line and
MRT Blue Line at Phaya Thai and Phetchaburi
stations respectively, offering airport-bound passengers a fast
15-minute limited stop journey from the city.
The
standard gauge line, forming the
eastern section of the Light Red line, will be 28.6 km long
and is elevated for most its length, running above existing railway
right-of-way, with a short at-grade connection to the airport. Both
non-stop
Suvarnabhumi Airport Express services and
"stopping"
Suvarnabhumi Airport City Line commuter
services will be operated, with express journeys taking 15 minutes
and commuter trips 27 minutes.
Regional Train
Meanwhile,
SRT provides a
suburban commuter train service between Hua Takhe (the nearest
station to Suvarnabhumi on the East line) and the northern suburban
city of Rangsit via downtown Bangkok and the old Don Mueang
Airport. The train also connects with BTS and MRT at Phaya Thai and
Phetchaburi stations respectively. Passengers pay a flat fare of
Bt30. A shuttle bus service linking the airport with Hua Takhe
railway station is provided by BMTA for Bt15. The train service is
currently not as popular as the bus service because the fact that
it requires a shuttle bus connection. The service will be stopped
when the Airport Express Link is completed.
City Bus
The airport operates 4 airport express bus routes to downtown
Bangkok. The buses are air-conditioned with ample luggage space.
The fare is 150 baht for the entire route. Passengers can get on
the bus on the first floor of the terminal. The four routes are as
follows:
Service |
Destination |
Notes |
Airport Express
bus |
AE1 Suvarnabhumi |
Silom Road |
by expressway |
AE2 Suvarnabhumi |
Khao San Rd. |
by expressway |
AE3 Suvarnabhumi |
CentralWorld |
via
Sukhumvit
Rd. |
AE4 Suvarnabhumi |
Hua Lamphong |
(Bangkok Central Railway Station) via Victory Monument(by
expressway) |
Additionally, 12 air-conditioned city bus routes operated by
Bangkok Mass Transit Authority (BMTA) serve the airport's dedicated
bus terminal. City buses offer a cheaper alternative of Bt35 flat
fare, compared with the airport express bus. However, passengers
must take a shuttle bus to the public transportation center's bus
terminal before they can board the regular city buses. The 12
routes available are as follows:
Service |
Destination |
Notes |
City Bus |
549 Suvarnabhumi |
Minburi-Bangkapi |
via Seri Thai Rd. |
550 Suvarnabhumi |
Latphrao MRT Station Ratchada-Latphrao Intersection |
551 Suvarnabhumi |
Victory Monument |
via Rama IX Rd. |
552 Suvarnabhumi |
Hua Lumphong (Bangkok Central Railway Station) |
via Onnut BTS station |
552A Suvarnabhumi |
Samut Prakarn |
(Praeksa BMTA Depot) |
553 Suvarnabhumi |
Samut Prakarn |
(Crocodile Farm BMTA Depot) |
554 Suvarnabhumi |
Rangsit via Don Mueang and Ram Indra Rd. |
by expressway |
555 Suvarnabhumi |
Rangsit via Don Mueang and Central Plaza LadPhrao |
by expressway |
556 Suvarnabhumi |
Southern Bus Terminal via Ratchadamnoen Klang Rd. and Democracy
Monument |
by expressway |
557 Suvarnabhumi |
Wong Wian Yai (The Great Circle) |
Out of Service |
558 Suvarnabhumi |
Thonburi Housing Community - Central Plaza Rama II |
559 Suvarnabhumi |
Future Park Rangsit via Dream World |
by expressway |
Service |
Destination |
Notes |
Long-distance
services |
Transport Company Bus |
Pattaya |
Transport Company Bus |
Nong
Khai |

Counter of the AOT Limousine
Service
Car
The airport has 5 main access routes. Among these the most
convenient route is via the
Bangkok Chon Buri Motorway
(Highway No. 7). Another main airport entrance is in Samut Prakan
province via the expressway from Bang Na to Bang Pakong.
The airport has provided 5 convenient entrance routes.
The main route is via
the motorway in the north of Bangkok, directly connecting Bangkok
's downtown
and Chon Buri province, the industrial and
harbor city in eastern Thailand. However, another main
airport entrance is located in Samut Prakan province, connecting an
elevated highway in the south of Bangkok
which lies
from Bang Na to Bang Pakong.
Limousines
Additionally, flat-fare
limousines are
available at the Arrivals Level (2
nd floor). Limousine
services are provided by
AOT
and by a number of other licensed Limousine companies
[44652].
Public Taxi
Metered taxis are available on the level of the arrival hall.
Departure tax
Since 1 February 2007 the 700
Baht
departure tax is included in the price
of flight tickets. Before that date, departing passengers had to
pay the tax to officials or vending machines before they entered
the immigration queues. The departure tax at Don Muang
International Airport was 500 THB per person.
See also
References
- USA Today, "Bangkok's new airport opens to first commercial
flights", 15 September 2006.
- "New airport to be ready on time" [1], Bangkok Post, November 5, 1968.
- Handley, Paul M. (2006). The King Never Smiles. Yale University
Press, ISBN 0-300-10682-3.
- Richard Lloyd Parry, "Poo Ming – a blue ghost who
haunts $4bn airport", The Times, 2006-09-27
- ThaiDay,
"THAI discounts tickets for historic test
flights", July 1, 2006.
- "PM Thaksin says Suvarnabhumi Airport ready in two
months", MCOT, 29 July
2006.
- Pennapa Hongthong, Just listen to our noisy nightmare, The Nation,
September 28 2006
- Petchanet Pratruangkrai, Suchat Sritama, Exporters pan new export fees, The Nation, 27
September 2006
- Kurt Hofmann, LH Cargo set to be first into Suvarnabhumi, ATW, 28
September 2006
- Suchat Sritma, Touch down...into chaos, 29 September 2006
- e-Travel Blackboard, Baggage ruffles up some feathers, but Suvarnabhumi
still a success, 29 September 2006
- The Nation, Airport shippers hit by computer failure, 2
October 2006
- Some flight services will likely return the Don
Muang Airport, The Nation, January 29, 2007.
- The Nation, Engineers unable to agree on root cause of airport
cracks, 10 February 2007
- The Nation, THAI baulks at moving to Don Muang, 15 February
2007
- Thailand backtracks on plan for second
international airport, Channel NewsAsia, 16 February 2007
- A Rough Takeoff for Bangkok's New Airport,
TIME, 25 January 2007
- New airport's east runway to close for repairs, return to
Don Muang mooted, Thai News Agency, MCOT, January 27,
2007.
- "Bangkok airport officially unsafe",
CNN, 2007-01-27
- Bangkok Post, Suvarnabhumi: No cracks, minor damage, 2
February 2007
- Bangkok Post, Suvarnabhumi runway declared safe, 12 February
2007
- The Nation, Competent pilot wanted, 15 February 2007
- The Nation, 'Can we get to work please?', 17 February
2007
- Bangkok Post, Distress in the tarmac, 11 March 2007
- International Herald Tribune, Thailand's airport imbroglio grows, 2 February
2007
- Bangkok Recorder, Airport president resigns, 3 February 2007
- ETNA, Thailand's new international airport head steps
down, 2 February 2007
- Asian Times Online, Cracks appear in Thai aviation-hub hopes, 7 February
2007
- Use Don Muang during repairs: 2 airlines,
The Nation, January 27, 2007.
- Move to use 2 airports gets mixed reception,
The Nation, 31 January 2007.
- Bangkok Post, B1bn needed to fix terminal problems over four to five
years, 16 February 2007
- Some airlines afraid to use new airport,
The Nation, 26 January 2007.
- http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7749399.stm Thai
protesters shut down airport
-
http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/world/12/02/08/thai-protesters-agree-clear-airport-protest-leader
Thai protesters agree to vacate the airport
- http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/32329225 MSNBC: Alleged scam
targets tourists in Bangkok August 7, 2009
-
http://bangkokpost.net/news/local/23331/crackdown-fails-to-stop-airport-gangs
Bangkok Post: Crackdown fails to stop airport gangs
September 6, 2009
- Ibid.
- Bangkok Post, New Bangkok Airport - Now Aiming For July 2006
Opening, 2005
- http://enews.mcot.net/view.php?id=12033 AoT to spend Bt800
billion to upgrade Suvarnabhumi Airport
- " Work starts on link to Bangkok's new airport".
David Briginshaw, International Railway
Journal, April 2005.
External links