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occurs, deciding the post-war status of
Germany. The Allies (the USA, the USSR, Great Britain and
France) divide Germany into four occupation zones. The
Allied nations agree that free elections are to be held in all
countries occupied by Nazi Germany. In addition, the new United Nations are to replace the failed
League of Nations.
.), the four
nations also decide to split Germany's capital, Berlin, into four
zones as well. The Allied powers also agree to start legal
trials at Nuremberg of Nazi war
criminals.
and the
Kuril
Islands
.
to representative General Douglas MacArthur.
, Canada,
defects and provides proof to the Royal Canadian
Mounted Police
of a Soviet spy ring
operating in Canada and other western countries. The
Gouzenko affair helps change perceptions of the Soviet Union from
an ally to a foe.
is reconstituted, with its 1937 borders, but
divided into four zones of control: American, British, French, and
Soviet.
, with
himself as Prime
Minister.
.
Soviet soldiers remain in their northern sector. after a
crisis.
gains independence from the United States, and
begins fighting communist Huk
rebels.
, James F.
Byrnes, United States Secretary of
State repudiates the Morgenthau
Plan and gives Germans hope for the future. He states the US
intention to keep troops in Europe indefinitely and expresses US
approval of the territorial annexation of 29% of pre-war Germany,
but does not condone further claims.
votes for the establishment of a People's Republic,
deposing King Simeon
II. Western countries dismiss the vote as fundamentally
flawed.
, signalling
its intent to contain communism in the Mediterranean
.
are granted independence by the United
Kingdom.
, after President Edvard Beneš accepts the
resignation of all non-communist ministers.
, after a left-wing boycott.
begins against British and Commonwealth forces. is effected.
to be the
legitimate government of all of Korea, with Kim Il-sung as Prime Minister.
(NATO) is
founded by Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland
, Italy, Luxembourg
, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United
Kingdom, and the United States, in order to resist Communist
expansion.
, with Bonn
as its
capital.
, succeeds,
as the Soviet Union becomes the world's second nuclear
power.
, Finland,
Iceland, Italy, Jordan
, and
Portugal.
, with its
capital at East Berlin.
, Taiwan
,
establishing a stand-off with the People's Republic of
China.
Director of
Policy Planning Paul Nitze issues
NSC-68, a classified brief, arguing for the
adoption of containment as the cornerstone of United States foreign
policy. It would dictate US policy for the next twenty
years. invades South Korea, beginning the Korean War.
, Ethiopia
, France, Greece, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the Philippines, South Africa, Thailand
, Turkey, the United
Kingdom, and the United States.
, the
capital of South Korea, falls to North Korean forces.
.
They fail to halt the North Korean advance, and fall southwards,
towards what would become the Pusan
Perimeter.
Incheon
. Defeating the North Korean forces, they
press inland and re-capture Seoul.
, the capital of North Korea, falls to United
Nations forces.
in French
Morocco
, placing them within unrefueled striking range of
Moscow.
.
.
. The test makes the UK the world's third
nuclear power. Prime Minister
Mohammed Mosaddeq (Operation Ajax). The coup was
organized because of Iranian nationalization of the oil industry and fears of Iran joining the Soviet
camp.
. France withdraws from Indochina, leaving
four independent states: Cambodia
, Laos
, North Vietnam (founded by the communist former
Viet Minh) and South Vietnam
(anti-communists). The Geneva Accords calls for free
elections to unite Vietnam, but none of the major parties wish this
to occur., Thailand, the Philippines, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Like NATO, it is founded to resist Communist expansion, this time
in the Philippines and Indochina., Iraq
, Pakistan,
Turkey, and the
United Kingdom. It is committed to resisting Communist
expansion in the Middle East.
begins. The Syrians will remain allies of the Soviets until
the end of the Cold War.
, Tito of Yugoslavia, Gamal
Abdel Nasser of Egypt and
Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana
.
This movement was designed to be a bulwark against the 'dangerous
polarization' of the world at that time and to restore balance of
power with smaller nations. It was an international organization of
states considering themselves not formally aligned with or against
any major power bloc., Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania
, Albania, Bulgaria, and the Soviet Union
. It acts as the Communist military
counterpart to NATO., and Prime Minister Edgar
Faure of France, known as the 'Big Four', attend the Geneva Summit. Also in
attendance was Nikita Khrushchev
of the Soviet Union.
, Poland,
anti-communist protests
lead to violence.
.
, and the
United Kingdom attack Egypt with the goal of removing Nasser from
power. International diplomatic pressures force the
attackers to withdraw. Canadian Lester B. Pearson encourages the
United Nations to send a Peacekeeping
force -the first of its kind- to the disputed territory. Lester
B. Pearson wins a Nobel Peace Prize for his actions, and soon after
becomes Canadian Prime Minister., Pakistan, and Afghanistan
from Communist influence.
, which
they had occupied the previous year.
.
.
successfully tests its first atomic bomb, Gerboise Bleue
, in the middle of the Algerian Sahara
Desert.
, angered at being treated as the "junior partner"
to the Soviet Union, declares its version of Communism superior and
begin to compete with the Soviets for influence, thus adding a
third dimension to the Cold War. begins,
joining the Jupiters deployed to Italy as well as the Thor IRBMs deployed to the UK as nuclear
missiles placed within striking distance of Moscow.
is built by the Soviets to stop the flood of people
attempting to escape East Germany.
, the most powerful thermonuclear
weapon ever tested, with an explosive yield of some 50 megatons. is
established by international agreement, but North Vietnam refuses
to withdraw its personnel. [155933]
.
Goulart's proposals, such as land reform
and bigger control of the state in the economy, were seen as
"communist", though he was from the labour party.
. Although there was a first attack, the
second attack is later proved unfounded. The Gulf of Tonkin Incident leads to the
open involvement of the United States in the Vietnam War, after the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.
, the first major engagement between US Troops and
regular Vietnamese forces.
countries sign the Treaty of Tlatelolco in Mexico City,
which sought the prohibition of nuclear weapons in Latin America
and the Caribbean. blocks the
Straits of
Tiran
, then expels UN peacekeepers and moves its army
into the Sinai
Peninsula in
preparation for possible attack on Israel.
, India marking the expansion of Maoism as a violent, anti-US and anti-Soviet,
revolutionary movement across a number of developing
countries.
for a three-day summit... and the United States among others, enters into
force.. Khmer Rouge
Communists begin attacking the new regime, which wants to end
foreign presence in Cambodia.
after being confirmed by the Chilean
congress. to briefly
cut the Ho Chi Minh
trail.
becomes independent from Pakistan. and Indian joint forces defeat Pakistan in the
Bangladesh Liberation
War. Bangladesh gets recognition from the eastern bloc.
, Iceland, becoming the first official American
chess champion (see Match
of the Century)., is played., Salvador Allende, is deposed and dies
during a military coup led by
General Augusto Pinochet supported
by the US. is
attacked by Egypt and
Syria, the war ends with a ceasefire., Haile
Selassie, is ousted by a Marxist military junta known as the Derg. and begin a genocide later
referred to as "The Killing Fields
"..
: The Khmer Rouge seize
an American naval ship prompting American intervention to recapture
the ship and its crew. In the end, the crew is released from
captivity.
and
Mozambique
, where Marxist governments are installed, the
former with backing from Cuban troops. The Civil war engulfs both nations and
involves Angolans, Mozambicans, South Africans, and Cubans, with
the superpowers supporting their
respective ideologies. intellectuals, including Václav Havel.
defeat. President Sardar
Mohammed Daoud is overthrown and murdered in a coup led by
procommunist rebels.
between
Marxist-led insurgents and the US-backed government.
, Afghanistan.[155934]
. The Contra
insurgency begins shortly thereafter. to save the crumbling Communist regime there,
resulting in the end of Détente. in the final group
stage of the Winter Olympics, in
the Miracle on
Ice.
. The agreement allows greater civil rights,
such as the establishment of a trade union independent of communist
party control.
Incident: Libyan planes attack US jets in the Gulf
of Sidra which Libya has illegally annexed. Two Libyan jets
are shot down, no American losses are suffered.
.
invades the Falkland Islands
, starting the Falklands
War. invades
Lebanon
to end raids and clashes with Syrian troops based
there.
with 269 passengers, including sitting congressman
Larry McDonald, shot down by Soviet jet
interceptors. island of Grenada
to overthrow the Marxist
military government, expel Cuban
troops
and abort the construction of a Soviet-funded airstrip.'s nuclear-release
procedures as fake cover for a NATO attack; in response, Soviet
nuclear forces are put on high alert.
.
, where they agree to two (later three) more
summits.
(Operation El Dorado
Canyon).
: A Soviet nuclear power plant in the Ukraine
explodes, resulting in
the worst nuclear power plant accident in history., Iceland, nearly achieving a breakthrough on nuclear arms control..
Premier Mikhail
Gorbachev to tear down the
Berlin
Wall.
(Angola) begins.
by US President Ronald
Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail
Gorbachev. Some, like Eric
Hobsbawm, later claim this was the end de jure of Cold
War.; Gorbachev agrees to START I
treaty.
.. is torn down. was the only Eastern
Bloc country to violently overthrow its Communist regime or to
execute its leaders.| Embed code: |
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