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Watertown is a city in Dodgemarker and Jeffersonmarker Counties in the U.S. state of Wisconsinmarker. Most of the city's population is in Jefferson County. Division Street, several blocks north of downtown, marks the county line.The population of Watertown was 21,598 at the 2000 census. Its 2007 estimated population was 23,301.

Watertown is the largest city in the Watertown-Fort Atkinson micropolitan area, which also includes Johnson Creekmarker and Jeffersonmarker. The 2005 estimated population of the micropolitan area was 79,328.

History

Watertown was first settled by Timothy Johnson, who built a cabin on the west side of the Rock River in 1836. A park on the west side of the city is named in his honor. The area was settled to utilize the power of the Rock River, which falls in two miles (two dams). In contrast, the Rock River falls only upstream from Watertown. The water power was first used for sawmills, and later prompted the construction of two hydroelectric dams, one downtown (where the river flows south) and one on the eastern edge of the city (where the river flows north). The Watertown economy remains heavily reliant on light industry.

In 1853, a plank road was completed from Milwaukee to Watertown. After plank roads were no longer used, the route was replaced by highway (Wisconsin Highway 16) and a railroad. A street named "Watertown Plank Road" survives in Milwaukee. It is referred to in the "Plank Road Brewery" family of beers, produced by Miller Brewing Company in Milwaukee.

The downstream of Watertown's two dams, with a portion of downtown in the background
A canal from Milwaukee to the Watertown area was once planned, but was replaced by railroad before any work had been completed, other than a dam in Milwaukee. The territorial legislature incorporated the Milwaukee and Rock River Canal company in 1836, but the plan was abandoned in 1848. The canal would have provided a waterway between the Great Lakesmarker and the Mississippi River, but even if completed, it may not have seen much success because railroads had already become the preferred mode of transportation.

The city grew slowly at first, but an influx of German immigrants increased the population to over 10,000 in the late 19th century. The city is the home of the first kindergarten in the United Statesmarker, started in 1856 by Margaret Meyer Schurz, wife of statesman Carl Schurz; the building that housed this kindergarten is now located on the grounds of the Octagon House Museummarker in Watertown.

Growth of the city was substantially hampered when Watertown issued almost half a million dollars in bonds to support the building of two railroads to town to encourage further growth: the Chicago & Fond du Lac Company and the Milwaukee, Watertown & Madison Road. The success of the plank road convinced residents that a railroad would be even more beneficial, and bonds were issued from 1853 to 1855. The Milwaukee and Watertown Railroad, as it was called before it extended to Madison, was completed in 1855, only the second line in the state.

Soon after, the two railroads went bankrupt in the Panic of 1857. The bonds were sold by the original investors to out-of-town speculators at a small fraction of their face value. Since the railroads were never built and did not produce revenue, the city was unable to pay off the bonds. Moreover, the city did not feel compelled to do so because the creditors (those who held interests in the bonds) were not only from out of town, but weren't even the original holders. Yet the creditors exerted so much pressure on the city to pay off the bonds that Watertown effectively dissolved its government so that there was no legal entity (the government as a whole or officers) that could be served a court order to pay or appear in court. The case was not resolved until 1889, when it had risen all the way to the Supreme Court of the United Statesmarker, which essentially dismissed the case of the creditors. A small amount remained to be paid, and this was not paid off until 1905, half a century later.

Geography and climate

Watertown is located in Southeastern Wisconsin, approximately midway between Madisonmarker and Milwaukeemarker, at (43.193066, -88.723774). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 11.3 square miles (29.3 km2). Small communities in the immediate area (e.g., within the school district), include: Richwood, Lebanonmarker, Old Lebanon, Sugar Island, Pipersville, Concordmarker, Ebenezer, and Grellton.

The Rock River flows through Watertown in a horseshoe bend before heading south and west on its way to the Mississippi River. The city originally developed inside the horseshoe, though it has long since grown beyond. Silver Creek adjoins the river in the city, as does a short creek on the west side.

The most notable geographical feature is a high density of drumlins, long hills formed by the glaciers of the Wisconsin glaciation as they retreated northwards. Hills in the area are elongated in the north-south direction.

Weather



Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 21,598 people, 8,022 households, and 5,567 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,974.1 people per square mile (762.3/km2). There were 8,330 housing units at an average density of 761.4/sq mi (294.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 95.90% White, 0.25% African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.61% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.69% from other races, and 1.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.94% of the population.

There were 8,022 households out of which 34.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.2% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.6% were non-families. 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the city the population was spread out with 26.0% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $42,562, and the median income for a family was $50,686. Males had a median income of $34,825 versus $23,811 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,977. About 4.6% of families and 6.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over.

Education

The school district serving Watertown is the Watertown Unified School District. Watertown has one public high school, Watertown High School. Its mascot is the Gosling, a reference to large quantity of foie gras once produced in the city by goose noodling. Completed in 1994, it is located on the northwest edge of the city on approximately . The public middle school, Riverside Middle School, is on the eastern edge of the city. There are four public elementary schools in the city: Lincoln, Schurz, Douglas, and Webster. An additional public elementary school in the Watertown district is in Lebanon. One more existed in Concord, but was closed in 2004.

The campus of Northwestern College, which closed in 1995 after 130 years of higher education, is now part of Luther Preparatory School, both affiliated with the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS). The college merged with Martin Luther College in New Ulmmarker, Minnesotamarker. Four of the WELS churches have elementary schools, as well as the two Catholic churches, St. Bernard's and St. Henry's. Maranatha Baptist Bible College and Maranatha Baptist Academy are also located on the western side of Watertown.

Business and industry

The corporate headquarters of Bethesda Lutheran Homes and Services, located in Watertown, is the largest employer in the city.

Transportation

Primary automobile transportation is provided via Highways 19, 26 and 16. Highway 19 begins in Watertown and runs westward. Highway 16 runs east-west across Wisconsin from Milwaukeemarker to La Crossemarker, passing around Watertown via a bypass. Highway 26 runs north-south through the center of the city. Highways 26 and 16 provide access to Interstate 94. Highway 16 provides access to the Milwaukeemarker metro area and highway 19 provides access to the Madisonmarker metro area.

General aviation is provided by the Watertown Municipal Airportmarker.

Amtrak's Empire Builder passes through, but does not stop in, Watertown. The Milwaukee to Madison leg of the Midwest Regional Rail Initiative is planned to pass through Watertown.

Historical landmarks



Notable people from Watertown



References

  1. Upper Rock River Basin - WDNR
  2. Watertown Historical Society
  3. Geo. W. Peck. Wisconsin: comprising sketches of counties, towns, events, institutions, and persons, arranged in cyclopedic form, Madison, Wis.: Western Historical Association, 1906.
  4. City Government 101
  5. M. Wyman. The Wisconsin Frontier. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998.
  6. Milwaukee and Watertown Railroad
  7. Bethesda Lutheran Homes and Services


Bibliography

Wallman, Charles J. The German-Speaking 48ers: Builders of Watertown, Wisconsin. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1992

External links




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