The
White Horde ( , ) or the
Left wing
princes was one of the
uluses within
the
Mongol Empire formed around 1226,
after the death of
Genghis Khan and
subsequent division of his empire. It was the eastern constituent
part of the
Golden Horde (the western
part was the
Blue Horde).
Initially
it covered the western part of the territory ruled by Jochi and included western Central Asia and south-western Siberia
. Its
first
khan was
Orda-Ichen, son of Jochi.
The capital of the
White Horde was originally at Lake Balkhash
, but later moved to Sygnaq,
Kazakhstan
on the Syr-Darya
River. But Seybanids lived along the coast
of Syr-Darya in mid 13th century.
When White Horde troops serving under
Hulegu
in Persia, their noble Kuli, who was a son of Orda, died in
1259/1260. In mid 13th century, White Horde elites supported
Arik Boke and
Kaidu
because they were supported by Golden Horde khans such as
Berke and
Mengu Temur.
But Kunchi
had been sided with the Yuan Dynasty
and Ilkhan since
1280s. In 1300, Kuruichik deposed
Bayan
who fled to
Tokhta. Kaidu and
Duwa saw their chance and supported him. By 1315, Bayan
had reoccupied most of his ancestors' lands. And their family began
herding around Syr-Darya.
Their khan Chymtai sent his brothers to take the Golden Horde
throne during the great turnmoil that began in 1360. But they were
all murdered before reaching success. Members from White Horde
(sometimes it is the same as Blue Horde), Khizr and then his son
Arab Shaykh enthroned in Golden Horde by force.
In 1364, during the
Blue Horde's period
of anarchy, (1357-1380),
Urus Khan, eighth
khan of the White Horde, became a contested khan of both the Blue
Horde and the White Horde. He extruded the members from the House
of Khizr. Urus died in 1377, and when his nephew
Toqtamish wrested control of the White Horde from
Urus's son
Timur-Malik in 1378 , he
regained control of the Blue Horde as well. Toqtamish consolidated
the two hordes, becoming the Khan of the
Golden Horde.
Notes and references
Additional reading
See also
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