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Wokingham is a small market town and civil parish in Berkshire in South East Englandmarker approximately 33 miles (53 km) west of Londonmarker. It is east-southeast of Readingmarker and west of Bracknellmarker. It spans an area of and, according to the 2001 census, has a population of 30,403. It is the seat of the Wokingham local government district.

Before 1844, the northern part of the parish of Wokingham was part of a detached portion, or exclave, of the county of Wiltshiremarker, some to the west. The Counties Act of that year resulted in its transfer to the county of Berkshire.

Wokingham was a borough before the 1974 reorganisation of local government, when it merged with Wokingham Rural District to form the new Wokingham District. What had been Wokingham Borough became Wokingham Town, but retained its Mayor. The District Council applied for borough status, which was granted and came into force on 9 March 2007. As of this date, the District (which stretches from the Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire borders in the north to the Hampshire border in the southwest) has also been able to elect a Mayor.

The formerly important industry of brick-making has given way to software development, light engineering and service industries.

In 2007, Halifax Estate Agents ranked Wokingham as the number one place to live in the United Kingdommarker.

History

Arms of Wokingham town council, as displayed on the entrance of the town hall
Wokingham means 'Wocca's people's home'. Wocca was apparently a Saxon chieftain who also owned lands at Wokefieldmarker in Berkshire and Wokingmarker in Surreymarker. In Victorian times, it was known as Oakingham and the acorn with an oak leaves is the town's symbol.

The courts of Windsor Forest were held at Wokingham and the town had the right to hold a market from 1219. It has remained a small market town all its life. Queen Elizabeth granted a town charter in 1583. From the 14th to the 16th centuries, Wokingham was well-known for its bell foundry which supplied many churches across the south of England.

Wokingham was once famous for its bull-baiting. In 1661 George Staverton left a bequest in his will giving two bulls to be tethered in the Market Place and baited by dogs on St Thomas' Day (21 December) each year. The bulls were paraded around the town a day or two before the event and then locked in the yard of the original Rose Inn which was situated on the site of the present-day Superdrug store. People travelled from miles around to see the dangerous spectacle. A number of dogs would be maimed or killed during the event and the bulls were eventually destroyed. The meat and leather were distributed amongst the poor people of the town. Some of the spectators also sustained fatal injuries. In 1794 on the morning after the bull-baiting Elizabeth North was found dead and covered with bruises. In 1808 55-year-old Martha May died after being hurt by fighters in the crowd. The cruel 'sport' was prohibited by the Corporation in 1821 but bulls were still provided at Christmas and the meat distributed to the poor. Bull-baiting was banned by Act of Parliament in 1833.

In 1723, the 'Black Act' was passed in Parliament to make it an offence to black one's face to commit criminal acts. It was named after an infamous band of ruffians, known as the 'Wokingham Blacks' who terrorised the local area.

Governance

Wokingham town hall
Northern Wokingham, centred on Ashridge, was, archaically, a detached part of Wiltshiremarker. This area extended well into the town centre (and the area currently where the Dowlesgreen, Norreys and BeanOak estates currently are situated) until transferred to Berkshire in 1844. The ancient parish was divided in 1894 into urban and rural civil parishes, Wokingham Withoutmarker forming the latter.

Wokingham was one of the boroughs left unreformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, and was reformed subsequently in 1883. Wokingham merged with the Wokingham Rural Districtmarker in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 to form the non-metropolitan district of Wokingham, which has been a unitary authority area since 1998. It consists of 54 elected councillors and is presided over by one councillor who is elected annually to be the Chairman of the Council. The Borough Council Offices are based at Shute End in the town of Wokingham.

A successor parish continued in existence in Wokingham and is governed by Wokingham Town Council. The council is elected every four years and consists of twenty-five councillors representing Emmbrook, Evendons, Norreys and Wescott, the four wards of the town. Every year, they elect one of their number as Mayor. The present town hall was erected in 1860 on the site of the guildhall.

The Wokingham constituency's MP is the Conservative John Redwood and he has represented the town since 1987.

Geography

Wokingham is on the Emm Brookmarker in the Loddon Valley in central Berkshire situated from Central London. It sits between Reading and Bracknell and was originally in a band of agricultural land on the western edge of Windsormarker Forest. Suburbs include Emmbrookmarker, Matthewsgreen, Dowlesgreen, Woosehill, Limmerhill and Eastheath. Older names include Woodcray and Luckley Green.

The soil is a rich loam with a subsoil of sand and gravel.

Wokingham currently consists of the town centre, with main residential areas radiating in all directions. These include Woosehill to the west, Emmbrook to the northwest, Dowlesgreen, Norreys, Keephatch and Bean Oak to the east and to the south Wescott and Eastheath.

Much of Wokingham has been developed over the past 80 years. Woosehill and Dowlesgreen were built on farmland in the late 1960s and early 70s, along with Bean Oak. Keephatch was built in the early 90s. The Norreys Estatemarker was built in the 1960s; however, Norreys Avenue is the oldest residential road in that area, having been built in the late 1940s as emergency housing following the Second World War. Norreys Avenue has a horseshoe shape and occupies the site of the demolished Norreys Manor. Much of the road contains 1940s-style prefabricated houses, although there are some brick houses along with three blocks of 1950s police houses.

Transport

Train services to Readingmarker, London Waterloomarker and Gatwick Airport run from Wokingham railway stationmarker.

Most local bus services are provided by First Group but the Sunday and Bank Holiday services from Wokingham to Reading are operated by Courtney Coaches.

Institutions

Charities

  • The Lucas Hospital, almshouses founded in 1663 for sixteen elderly men from the surrounding parishes.


Churches

Wokingham Baptist Church
All Saints Church


Manors

  • Evendon's Manor
  • Ashridge Manor (now in [[Hurst, Berkshire|
  • Beche's Manor (burnt down 1953)
  • Buckhurst Manor (now St. Anne's Manor)
  • Norreys' Manor


Education

Secondary schools

Wokingham is served by four state secondary schools. The Emmbrook Schoolmarker and St Crispin's Schoolmarker are mixed-sex comprehensive schools, both of which have specialist status as Maths and Computing Colleges. The Holt School, founded in 1931 in the Dower House of Beche's Manor, is a girls' school and is a specialist Language College. The Forest Schoolmarker is a boys' school and is a specialist Business and Enterprise College. It is in Winnershmarker but it shares the same catchment area as the Holt and the majority of the pupils are from Wokingham - A small number of Wokingham pupils gain places at Reading Schoolmarker and Kendrick Schoolmarker, the two single-sex grammar schools in Reading.

Private schools



Primary schools



Literature

In the 18th century, the ballad of Fair Molly Mogg was written in Wokingham. Molly was the barmaid daughter of the publican of the old Rose Inn (not on the site of the present one). She was well-known to local Binfieldmarker man, Alexander Pope, who, during a storm, found himself stranded at the inn with his friends, Gay, Swift and Arbuthnot. They wrote the ballad extolling her virtues to pass the time.

The character of Tom the chimney sweep in Charles Kingsley's classic childhood story The Water Babies was based on the life and times of a Wokingham boy called James Seaward, who was a boy sweep in Victorian times. In his later years Seaward swept the chimneys at Charles Kingsley's home at the Rectory in Eversleymarker, Hampshire. Seaward was elected Alderman of Wokingham from 1909 until his death in 1921. He had 12 children and many of his descendants still live locally. The Water Babies are the subject of Wokingham's first public sculpture, installed in 1999, which graces the upper level entrance to Wokingham Library.

Film

The 1971 film Blind Terror, starring Mia Farrow and directed by Brian Clemens, was filmed largely in Wokingham. The train station can clearly be seen, as can the town centre and the interior of the Old Rose Pub.One of the scenes from Series 3, Episode 7 of the ITV drama, Primeval was filmed in the Red Lion pub in the town centre.

Notable people



Sport and leisure

  • There are public parks at Barkham Road Recreation Ground, Langborough Recreation Ground, Cantley Park, Chestnut Park, Elizabeth Road Recreation Ground, Elms Field, Riverside Walk and Waverley Park.
  • The Council provide a number of leisure facilities such as the Carnival Pool, St. Crispin's Sports Centre and the Pinewood Leisure Centre. Pinewood is the base for over 20 clubs and associations. There is a King George V Playing Field behind St. Crispin's in memory of King George V.
  • The local football team is Wokingham and Emmbrook F.C.marker
  • The Wokingham Half Marathon is held in February each year and starts and finishes at Cantley Park.
  • Wokingham Library is in Denmark Street.
  • Wokingham Cricket Club (founded 1825) play at their ground on Wellington Road.


Speedway racing was staged at California in Reading. Before then the track, known then as Longmoor was used as a training track. After the war the track featured in the Southern Area League in the 1950s. The team were known as The Poppies.The site of the stadium is now part of a nature reserve but a few remnants of the track remain.

Twin towns

Wokingham is twinned with:



Further reading

  • Goatley, K. Wokingham: The Town of my Life. Reading: Conservatree Print and Design, 2004. ISBN 0-9534735-9-7.
  • The Wokingham Society. Wokingham: A Chronology, 1978.
  • Wyatt, B. Wokingham in Old Photographs. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Budding Books, 1999. ISBN 1-84015-128-5.


References

  1. Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844, 7 & 8 Vict. c. 61, London
  2. Wokingham granted borough status BBC news online, 26 January 2007
  3. Wokingham the 'best' city to live BBC news online, 17 October 2007
  4. Bronze glory for town Athlete. Get Wokingham website, 20th August 2008


External links




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