Zofia Baniecka (born 1917 in Warsaw - 1993) was a Polish member of the Resistance during World War II. In addition to relaying guns and other materials to resistance fighters, Baniecka and her mother rescued over 50 Jews in their home between 1941 and 1944. Later, Baniecka was an activist with the Intervention Bureau of the Polish Workers' Defence Committee ( ) in 1977. She and her husband were active participants in the Solidarity movement in the 1980s, distributing underground press. In her professional capacity, Baniecka was a long-time member of the Warsaw chapter of the Association of Polish Artists and Designers (ZPAP).

Life

Born fifteen years after her parents' wedding, Zofia Baniecka was the only child of a sculptor father and a teacher mother from Warsaw. Her parents were not religious, nevertheless, she went to a Catholic school. She then studied at the Warsaw University, before the Nazi German and Soviet invasion of Poland. Zofia had many Jewish friends from assimilated homes just like her own intellectually inclined parents. In late 1940 the Nazi occupiers ordered the family to relocate when their home fell within the boundaries of the newly established Warsaw Ghetto.

All three family members began to work for the Polish underground. Zofia's inconspicuous grey-haired mother was transporting weapons in her shopping bag for the Resistance, while Zofia's father smuggled food and books to friends in the Ghetto. Thanks to help from their underground contacts, the family soon moved to a large apartment with four rooms and a kitchen — near the walls of the ghetto — and began taking in Jewish refugees. The apartment was divided by curtains with a different Jewish family behind each one. Nobody was ever refused: friends, strangers, acquaintances. Zofia got involved with the underground press and also, helped the Jewish Committee find hiding places for the children. As a courier, she distributed underground newspapers and relayed orders around the General Government.

Even though in 1941 Zofia's father was killed in a Soviet air-strike on Warsaw — from winter of 1941 till August 1944 (when the Warsaw Uprising started) — the two women managed to rescue at least fifty (50) Jews in their home, including a family of ten, escaping the Ghetto firestorm in April 1943 following the failed Ghetto Uprising. When their house was full, the Banieckis helped Jews find other places to hide.

After the Soviet takeover of Poland at the end of World War II, Zofia was arrested by the Communist authorities as a member of Resistance; but, was ultimately released. She got married. Years later, with her husband, Baniecka got involved with the anticommunist Komitet Obrony Robotników (KOR), undeterred by the threat of repressions. Ultimately, she also became an active participant in the Polish Solidarity movement of the 1980s.

See also

• Shoah
• Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust
• Żegota, the Polish Council to Aid Jews

Footnotes

1. Garry Buff, The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation, Zofia Baniecka, Poland Edited by Stephanie Surach
2. Komitet Obrony Robotnikow, KOR, Kalendarium 1977. Narodowe Centrum Kultury.
3. PBS Frontline, An interview with Zofia Baniecka
4. Narodowe Centrum Kultury, Slownik, "Niezalezni dla kultury 1976-1989".
5. Slownik Biograficzny, Artysci plastycy okregu warszawskiego ZPAP 1945-1970.
6. Rochelle L. Millen, Jack Mann, Timothy Bennett, New Perspectives on the Holocaust page 256, NYU Press 1996

Further references

• Gay Block, and Malka Drucker, Rescuers: Portraits of Moral Courage in the Holocaust. Holmes & Meier, New York, 1992, pp.163-4. Content available at USHMM website's time sensitive page #1, and #2
• Michael Harrington, Find A Grave: Zofia Baniecka
• Rochelle L. Millen, Jack Mann, Timothy Bennett, New Perspectives on the Holocaust Publisher NYU Press 1996, ISBN 0814755402